本文關(guān)鍵詞：株洲神農(nóng)城植物群落景觀調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)研究　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市公園 植物群落 植物景觀評(píng)價(jià) AHP—模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法 神農(nóng)城

【摘要】：城市公園被譽(yù)為“城市之肺”,是城市生態(tài)環(huán)境的理想調(diào)節(jié)器。植物群落是城市公園的基本組成單位,是植物景觀營(yíng)建的重要載體,其優(yōu)劣決定其美化功能和生態(tài)功能的發(fā)揮。隨著人們審美和生態(tài)意識(shí)的增強(qiáng),人們已不再滿足簡(jiǎn)單的城市“披綠”,而是對(duì)植物群落景觀的景觀、生態(tài)和游憩功能提出了更高的要求,對(duì)城市公園植物群落景觀的調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)研究尤為重要。本論文在歸納總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外城市公園植物群落景觀調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)研究進(jìn)展和分析神農(nóng)城植物景觀總體設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)神農(nóng)城的54個(gè)植物群落樣地進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)查研究,分析總結(jié)了神農(nóng)城植物群落景觀特點(diǎn);進(jìn)而采用AHP—模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法構(gòu)建了城市公園植物群落景觀評(píng)價(jià)體系,并運(yùn)用該體系對(duì)神農(nóng)城的54個(gè)植物群落景觀質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)�？偨Y(jié)當(dāng)前神農(nóng)城植物群落景觀存在的問題,針對(duì)這些問題提出優(yōu)化的對(duì)策。研究結(jié)果表明:1、神農(nóng)城植物有73科144屬182種,種類相對(duì)偏少,植物種類間差異大,分配不平衡。以喬、灌、草植物為主,水生植物種類較少,藤本植物所占比例最低。木本植物常綠樹種和落葉樹種比例約為1:1,常綠植物應(yīng)用不足。草本植物中多年生草本遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于一二年生草本植物。水生植物中浮水植物和沉水植物相對(duì)缺乏。鄉(xiāng)土植物與外來植物比例為1:1.09,鄉(xiāng)土植物應(yīng)用不足,其中運(yùn)用的喬木類鄉(xiāng)土植物占有一定的比例,但在草本植物中外來草本植物比例過大。調(diào)查了樣地出現(xiàn)頻率較高的喬木、灌木、草本植物、水生植物。2、神農(nóng)城觀賞植物中觀葉植物和觀花植物最多,其次觀果和觀形植物,觀干植物最少;季相景觀較顯著,春季景觀色彩最為豐富,主要觀花色和葉色,花色以紅色系和白色系為主;夏季枝繁葉茂,以觀白色和藍(lán)紫色系花為主;秋季主要以觀葉為主,觀花和觀果植物有一定量的表現(xiàn);冬季觀賞植物相對(duì)較少,主要觀形和觀干,有較少的觀花植物和觀果植物點(diǎn)綴。3、神農(nóng)城樣地植物群落景觀,結(jié)構(gòu)層次多樣,主要以喬一灌一草型結(jié)構(gòu)為主,以郁閉度大的密林、中度郁閉林為主,以高覆蓋地為主,沒有裸地、低覆蓋地。4、采用AHP—模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法從景觀層次、生態(tài)層次、游憩層次3個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則構(gòu)建了城市公園植物群落景觀評(píng)價(jià)體系,并運(yùn)用該體系對(duì)神農(nóng)城的54個(gè)植物群落景觀質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià),豐富了城市公園植物景觀評(píng)價(jià)方法。在評(píng)價(jià)的54個(gè)群落中,Ⅰ級(jí)植物群落樣地有6個(gè),Ⅱ級(jí)有22個(gè),Ⅲ級(jí)植物群落樣地有21個(gè),Ⅳ6級(jí)植物群落樣地?cái)?shù)有5個(gè),神農(nóng)城植物群落景觀處于中等偏上水平。但是Ⅰ級(jí)植物群落景觀數(shù)量相對(duì)較少,需加強(qiáng)對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)植物群落景觀的營(yíng)建和改造。對(duì)不同等級(jí)的典型樣地群落景觀從群落結(jié)構(gòu)層次和群落景觀效果等方面進(jìn)行了分析,為提高神農(nóng)城植物群落的構(gòu)建水平提供參考。5、神農(nóng)城植物群落景觀優(yōu)化對(duì)策:景觀層次通過合理分配植物群落的景觀季相特性,適當(dāng)種植冬季觀形觀干的植物,協(xié)調(diào)常綠和落葉植物比例;生態(tài)層次通過豐富物種的多樣性,加大對(duì)鄉(xiāng)土植物的應(yīng)用力度、植物種植設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要做到適地適樹、加強(qiáng)對(duì)植物養(yǎng)護(hù)管理等方面進(jìn)行優(yōu)化改進(jìn);游憩層次通過增加植物景觀的可達(dá)性和可停留度、營(yíng)造安全性較高的植物景觀進(jìn)行優(yōu)化改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:The city park is known as the "lung of the city", is the city's ecological environment. The ideal regulator of plant community is the basic unit of the city park, is an important carrier of plant landscape, which determines its function and beautify the ecological functions. With the enhancement of people's aesthetic and ecological consciousness, people are no longer satisfied with the simple the "green", but the city of plant community landscape, put forward higher requirements of ecological and recreational function research, investigation and evaluation of landscape plant community in city park is particularly important. This paper summarizes the progress in the investigation and evaluation of landscape and city park plant communities in China and analysis of general design of the city landscape plants Shennong, the Shennong City 54 plant plots of field survey and research, analyzed and summarized the Shennong City plant community landscape characteristics; and then using the AHP model Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to build an evaluation system of landscape plant community in city park, and using the system of 54 plant community landscape quality of Shennong city by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Summarize the current plant community landscape Shennong city problems, aiming at these problems put forward the optimized countermeasures. The research results show that: 1, Shennong City plant 73 families, 144 genera and 182 species, species of relatively few, large differences between species, distribution is not balanced. In order to Joe, irrigation, grass plant, aquatic plant species are less, lianas had the lowest percentage. Woody plants are evergreen trees and deciduous tree species ratio is about 1:1, lack of evergreen herb perennial application. More than one or two herbaceous perennial herb. The relative lack of floating plants and submerged plants in aquatic plants. Native plants and exotic plants accounted for 1:1.09, lack of local plant application, including the use of the arbor Native plants occupy a certain proportion, but in the herb of alien herbs. A large proportion of the survey sample a higher frequency of trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, aquatic plants.2, Shennong City ornamental plants and ornamental plants in most medium, followed by fruit and plant shape, dry seasonal plants at least; the landscape is remarkable, the spring landscape is most colorful, the main concept of color and leaf color, color to red and white lines; in view of the white summer with luxuriant foliage, and purple blue flowers; mainly in autumn foliage, flower and ornamental fruit plants have a certain amount of performance; winter ornamental plants are relatively few, the main view and view, there are fewer flower plants and foliage plants with.3, plant community landscape Shennong city plot structure, the level of diversity, mainly to Joe irrigation grass type structure, with high canopy density forest, forest with moderate density Lord, with high coverage, no bare land, low coverage of.4, using the AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method from landscape level, ecological recreation level, level 3 assessment criteria to construct the evaluation system of landscape plant community in city park, and using the system of 54 plant community landscape quality of Shennong city by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, enrich the evaluation method of city park landscape. In 54 community evaluation, sample grade plant communities was 6, grade 22, grade III plots of plant communities have 21, 6 level IV plots the number 5, Shennong City plant community landscape in the middle upper level. But the number of landscape plant community is relatively small, the need to strengthen the construction and renovation of high quality plant community landscape. Analyses on the different levels of typical plots from the community structure and community level landscape landscape effect, in order to improve The level of construction to provide the reference of.5 city community plant Shennong Shennong City, plant community landscape optimization countermeasures: landscape level through the landscape characteristics of seasonal reasonable distribution of plant communities, the appropriate planting winter view shape view of the stem of the plant, coordinate the proportions of evergreen and deciduous plants; ecological levels through rich species diversity, increase the application of native plants do the suitable tree to plant planting design, strengthen the improvement and optimization of plant maintenance and management; recreation level by increasing the plant landscape accessibility and stay, optimization of plant landscape construction has high security.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S688

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