論張棗詩歌中的消極主體
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 17:15
【摘要】：基于對宇宙人生的參悟和受特定歷史現(xiàn)實的制約,以"消極"為特征的主體始終不曾缺席于二十世紀以來的詩歌書寫,文學現(xiàn)代性的表達便是在對主體失語癥與精神分裂的艱難抵抗中進行。所謂消極主體是指處于"主體—客體"的單向關(guān)系,并生成于空白、人格分裂、孤獨、矛盾、噩夢、失語等消極元素之中的主體。這種"消極主體"落實到詩歌文本,便顯現(xiàn)為分裂、多層次的"抒情主體"。張棗直視生存中的消極因素,努力建構(gòu)一種與內(nèi)心、自然、宇宙平等交流的對話方式,從而使得抒情主體走向"主體—主體"的雙向關(guān)系之中,在詩歌表達的范圍內(nèi)實現(xiàn)對主體消極性的突圍與升華。張棗詩歌中主體的消極性主要表現(xiàn)為三個層面:其一是"流亡",他將流浪于故國與異鄉(xiāng)之間的人生命運視作"母語的流亡",試圖尋找朝向個體內(nèi)在的、語言意義上的理想世界,但最終發(fā)現(xiàn)遠方仍是一個虛假之地。其二是"空白",從諸神隱匿后的價值失序到當代消解崇高與語言游戲背后的集體失語癥,書寫空白對于張棗來說,就是書寫現(xiàn)代詩人的本質(zhì)性處境。其三是"矛盾",張棗一生都對生存抱有一種矛盾心態(tài),他以"矛盾修辭"的方式呈現(xiàn)唯美情境中潛藏的暴力性內(nèi)容,從而直面生存中不可消解的悖論與消極。為了抵抗以上主體存在的消極狀態(tài),張棗極力在詩歌中設置新的對話者——"他者",將他者作為構(gòu)建主體、修復自我形象的要素。在宏觀層面上,他者指詩人所吸收和運用的中西方詩歌藝術(shù)精華,通過"化古"與"化歐"的手法,詩歌文本與這種"宏觀他者"形成具有互文意義的"大型對話"。在微觀層面上,他者指詩中抒情主體的各種交流對象,包括親友、某個詩人、自我形象的虛擬或拆分、參與主體建構(gòu)的不同角色,抒情主體與這種"微觀他者"形成朝向知音和內(nèi)心裂變的"微型對話"。正是通過主體與他者的對話結(jié)構(gòu),張棗得以克服生存中無處不在的失語與孤獨,進而修補處于流亡、空白、暴力等消極處境中被損害的主體形象。張棗依托從不徹底絕望的人生哲學,實現(xiàn)詩歌中主體消極性的升華。他用"甜"所包涵的柔潤、輕盈、透明、清涼、寧靜,調(diào)和現(xiàn)實困境中因流亡、失語、矛盾所引發(fā)的宿命感,將死亡的沉重置換成溫柔的比喻,從而將抒情主體的消極品質(zhì)升華為贊美式的哀歌。他通過多重夢境、"迷宮"、精微的"小"來表現(xiàn)內(nèi)在空間的無限與永恒,以此應對外部世界的麻木與空洞;從日常生活的小物件里提煉浪漫詩意,用制作美食的技藝之美象征詩歌言說的悖論,最終尋找到主體棲身的安寧之所。張棗構(gòu)建消極主體的過程主要體現(xiàn)出兩種詩學觀念:一是"元詩"觀,他從詩歌語言本體出發(fā),關(guān)注詩歌的創(chuàng)作過程;借鑒現(xiàn)代詩歌藝術(shù),把握中國當代詩歌的"漢語性";二是歷史意識,他認為"傳統(tǒng)"是一個動態(tài)的建構(gòu)過程,詩歌應該深入挖掘傳統(tǒng)背后所隱含的歷史與當下、未來之間的微妙關(guān)系,從而穿過時空的重重屏障。
[Abstract]:Based on the understanding of life in the universe and the restriction of the specific historical reality, the subject of "negative" has never been absent from the writing of poetry since twentieth Century. The expression of the modernity of literature is carried out in the difficult resistance to the subject of aphasia and schizophrenia. The so-called negative subject refers to the unidirectional customs of "subject object". It is the main body of the negative elements such as blank, personality, loneliness, loneliness, contradiction, nightmares, and aphasia. This "negative subject" is implemented into the text of poetry and is manifested as split and multi-level "lyric subject". Zhang jujube looks at the negative factors in survival and tries to build a dialogue with the inner, nature, and the universe on an equal basis, so as to make an equal communication with the heart, nature and the universe. The lyric subject is in the two-way relationship between the main body and the subject and realizes the breakthrough and sublimation of the negativity of the subject in the scope of the poetry expression. The negativity of the subject in the poetry of Zhang jujuan is mainly expressed in three aspects: one is "exile", and he regards his life as "the exile of the mother tongue" and tries to find the dynasty. To the ideal world in the sense of language, it is still a false place in the distance, but the second is a false place. The second is the "blank", from the hidden value of the gods to the collective aphasia behind the contemporary sublime and the language game, and writing blank for Zhang jujube is to write the essential situation of the modern poet. Zhang jujube has a contradictory attitude towards survival in his life. He presents the latent and violent content in the aesthetic situation by "contradictory rhetoric", thus directly facing the paradox and negativity that can not be eliminated in existence. In order to resist the negative state of the existence of the above subjects, Zhang jujube tries to set up a new interlocutor in the poem song, "the other" and the other. On the macro level, the other refers to the essence of Chinese and western poetic art absorbed and used by the poet. Through the "turn the ancient" and "transform Europe", the poetry text and this "macro other" form a "large" intertextual meaning. At the micro level, the other refers to the various kinds of communication of the lyric subject in the poem. The object, including the relatives and friends, a poet, the fictitious or disassembled self image, the different roles involved in the construction of the subject, the lyric subject and this "micro other" form a "micro dialogue" to the bosom and inner fission. It is through the dialogue structure of the subject and the other that Zhang can overcome the omnipresent aphasia and loneliness in existence and then repair it. The main body image of the negative situation in exile, blank, violence, etc.. Zhang jujube relies on the philosophy of never despairing life to realize the sublimation of the subjective negativity in poetry. He uses the soft, light, transparent, cool, tranquil and tranquil sense of "sweet" to reconcile the fatality caused by exile, aphasia and contradiction in the reality of the reality and the heavy death. By replacing it with a gentle metaphor, the negative quality of the lyric subject is promoted to the HUAWEI praises of the lament. Through multiple dreams, "mazes" and "small", he expresses the infinity and eternity of the inner space to cope with the numbness and void in the outer world; to extract romantic poetry from the small objects of daily life and to use the beauty of the art of making food There are two kinds of poetic ideas in the process of constructing negative subjects: one is "Yuan Poetry", he starts from the noumenon of poetry, pays attention to the creation process of poetry, and draws on modern poetry art to grasp the "Chinese character" of Chinese contemporary poetry, and two is historical consciousness, he It is considered that "tradition" is a dynamic process of construction, and poetry should dig into the subtle relationship between the history and the present and the future behind the tradition, so as to pass through the barrier of time and space.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I207.25
本文編號：2164561
[Abstract]:Based on the understanding of life in the universe and the restriction of the specific historical reality, the subject of "negative" has never been absent from the writing of poetry since twentieth Century. The expression of the modernity of literature is carried out in the difficult resistance to the subject of aphasia and schizophrenia. The so-called negative subject refers to the unidirectional customs of "subject object". It is the main body of the negative elements such as blank, personality, loneliness, loneliness, contradiction, nightmares, and aphasia. This "negative subject" is implemented into the text of poetry and is manifested as split and multi-level "lyric subject". Zhang jujube looks at the negative factors in survival and tries to build a dialogue with the inner, nature, and the universe on an equal basis, so as to make an equal communication with the heart, nature and the universe. The lyric subject is in the two-way relationship between the main body and the subject and realizes the breakthrough and sublimation of the negativity of the subject in the scope of the poetry expression. The negativity of the subject in the poetry of Zhang jujuan is mainly expressed in three aspects: one is "exile", and he regards his life as "the exile of the mother tongue" and tries to find the dynasty. To the ideal world in the sense of language, it is still a false place in the distance, but the second is a false place. The second is the "blank", from the hidden value of the gods to the collective aphasia behind the contemporary sublime and the language game, and writing blank for Zhang jujube is to write the essential situation of the modern poet. Zhang jujube has a contradictory attitude towards survival in his life. He presents the latent and violent content in the aesthetic situation by "contradictory rhetoric", thus directly facing the paradox and negativity that can not be eliminated in existence. In order to resist the negative state of the existence of the above subjects, Zhang jujube tries to set up a new interlocutor in the poem song, "the other" and the other. On the macro level, the other refers to the essence of Chinese and western poetic art absorbed and used by the poet. Through the "turn the ancient" and "transform Europe", the poetry text and this "macro other" form a "large" intertextual meaning. At the micro level, the other refers to the various kinds of communication of the lyric subject in the poem. The object, including the relatives and friends, a poet, the fictitious or disassembled self image, the different roles involved in the construction of the subject, the lyric subject and this "micro other" form a "micro dialogue" to the bosom and inner fission. It is through the dialogue structure of the subject and the other that Zhang can overcome the omnipresent aphasia and loneliness in existence and then repair it. The main body image of the negative situation in exile, blank, violence, etc.. Zhang jujube relies on the philosophy of never despairing life to realize the sublimation of the subjective negativity in poetry. He uses the soft, light, transparent, cool, tranquil and tranquil sense of "sweet" to reconcile the fatality caused by exile, aphasia and contradiction in the reality of the reality and the heavy death. By replacing it with a gentle metaphor, the negative quality of the lyric subject is promoted to the HUAWEI praises of the lament. Through multiple dreams, "mazes" and "small", he expresses the infinity and eternity of the inner space to cope with the numbness and void in the outer world; to extract romantic poetry from the small objects of daily life and to use the beauty of the art of making food There are two kinds of poetic ideas in the process of constructing negative subjects: one is "Yuan Poetry", he starts from the noumenon of poetry, pays attention to the creation process of poetry, and draws on modern poetry art to grasp the "Chinese character" of Chinese contemporary poetry, and two is historical consciousness, he It is considered that "tradition" is a dynamic process of construction, and poetry should dig into the subtle relationship between the history and the present and the future behind the tradition, so as to pass through the barrier of time and space.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I207.25
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