本文選題：劉熙載 + “正變觀”��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：劉熙載,晚清著名文藝批評理論家,其思想理論主要集中于《藝概》一書當(dāng)中�！端嚫拧芬栽撔问綄η宕郧暗淖骷�、作品、文學(xué)流變和創(chuàng)作方法等問題進(jìn)行論述。而其正變觀正是支撐其文論思想的重要批評方法之一。由其正變觀我們可以清晰地認(rèn)識到他的文化立場、理論來源、審美態(tài)度、評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等多方面的思想內(nèi)容。劉熙載針對文體的不同類型,探究各類文體的發(fā)源與流變,在總結(jié)和評點(diǎn)前人論說的基礎(chǔ)之上,提出了諸多頗具建設(shè)性的文論觀點(diǎn)。論文分為以下幾個部分:第一部分,劉熙載正變觀的理論淵源。正變觀由儒家傳統(tǒng)的“風(fēng)雅正變”觀念發(fā)展而來,是一個具有獨(dú)立精神的古代詩學(xué)概念,內(nèi)容豐富,歷史悠久。在歷史的演進(jìn)過程中,逐漸與“奇正”、“通變”、“復(fù)變”、“雅正”等文學(xué)范疇和哲學(xué)思想交叉融合,形成了一種中國古代獨(dú)有的批評觀念和批評理論。正變觀不但能反映時代的審美風(fēng)向還能直接體現(xiàn)學(xué)者的理論素養(yǎng)和文學(xué)情趣,是研究文體發(fā)展的一個重要維度。第二部分,劉熙載的文體正變觀。以散文的歷史發(fā)展為線索,劉熙載將文體的源頭追溯到“六經(jīng)”,極力推崇“六經(jīng)”的典范作用。同時,劉熙載重視文本之間的淵源關(guān)系,崇尚文體之“變”,并倡導(dǎo)文體的發(fā)展要因“時”而變,以“時”為大。第三部分,劉熙載的詩體正變觀。劉熙載提出了以“出于《騷》者為正,出于《莊》者為變”的詩學(xué)正變觀。劃分了《莊》、《騷》兩種詩歌的審美范式,注重詩歌的精神內(nèi)涵,核心表達(dá)出以儒為本的文化立場。并尊崇符合儒家詩教精神的文學(xué)作品,尊崇繼承“風(fēng)雅正宗”的曹植之詩以及“詩之變,情之正”的杜甫之詩。第四部分,劉熙載的詞體正變觀。劉熙載一改前人以“婉約”為正的詞學(xué)傳統(tǒng),反尊“豪放”為正。將詞體的源頭追溯到李白之《憶秦娥》,贊賞“聲情悲壯”的詞風(fēng)。此外,將詞人的人格與詞作的好壞直接掛鉤,尊崇“君子之詞”。
[Abstract]:Liu Xizai, a famous literary and art critic theorist in late Qing Dynasty, his ideological theory is mainly concentrated in the book "Art outline". In the form of a series of theories, Liu Xizai deals with the problems of writers, works, literary changes and creative methods before the Qing Dynasty. But its positive change view is one of the important critical methods to support his literary theory thought. We can clearly recognize his cultural position, theoretical source, aesthetic attitude, evaluation criteria and so on. According to different types of style, Liu Xizai explores the origin and evolution of all kinds of styles, and puts forward many constructive literary viewpoints on the basis of summing up and commenting on the previous theories. The thesis is divided into the following parts: the first part, the theoretical origin of Liu Xizai's view of positive change. The concept of positive change is developed from the traditional Confucian concept of "elegance is changing". It is an independent concept of ancient poetics with rich contents and a long history. In the process of historical evolution, it gradually merges with the literary category and philosophy such as "Qizheng", "General change", "complex change", "Yazheng" and so on, and forms a unique criticism concept and theory in ancient China. Positive change not only reflects the aesthetic trend of the times, but also directly reflects the academic literacy and literary taste, and is an important dimension of the development of research style. The second part, Liu Xizai's style is changing. Taking the historical development of prose as a clue, Liu Xizai traced the origin of his style to the six Classics and highly praised the exemplary role of the six Classics. At the same time, Liu Xizai attached great importance to the relationship between texts, advocated the "change" of style, and advocated that the development of style should be changed by "time", taking "time" as the big one. The third part, Liu Xizai's poetic style is changing. Liu Xizai put forward the concept of "out of Sao" as positive and out of "Zhuang > as change". The aesthetic paradigms of Zhuang and Sao are divided and the spiritual connotation of poetry is emphasized and the cultural standpoint based on Confucianism is expressed at the core. He respected literary works in line with the Confucian poetic spirit, Cao Zhi's poems, which inherited "elegant and authentic Buddhism" and du Fu's poems, "the change of poetry and the integrity of feelings". The fourth part, Liu Xizai's ci style is changing view. Liu Xizai changed his predecessor's ci-poetry tradition of politeness and deference. The origin of ci style is traced back to Li Bai's "recalling Qin E", and the ci style of "voice and emotion is sad and strong" is appreciated. In addition, the personality of ci-writers and the good or bad ci-writing directly linked to respect for the "words of a gentleman."
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I206.2

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