Genes & Development:細(xì)胞凋亡研究領(lǐng)域獲新進(jìn)展
關(guān)鍵詞:細(xì)胞凋亡
清華大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院施一公教授實(shí)驗(yàn)室在《Genes&Development》發(fā)表名為“Mechanistic insights into CED-4-mediated activation of CED-3”的學(xué)術(shù)論文。本文的第一作者黃渭蛟為生命學(xué)院的博士研究生。
細(xì)胞凋亡(程序性細(xì)胞死亡)與人的生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育、衰老以及死亡息息相關(guān)。臨床數(shù)據(jù)表明細(xì)胞凋亡的異常會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重病變,比如癌癥、老年癡呆癥等等。因此揭示細(xì)胞凋亡的分子機(jī)理不僅可以加深我們對(duì)這一基本生命過(guò)程的了解,還可以對(duì) 開(kāi)發(fā)新型抗癌、預(yù)防老年癡呆的藥物提供重要線索。
研究細(xì)胞凋亡的一個(gè)重要模式生物是秀麗線蟲(chóng)(Caenorhabditis elegans),MIT的Bob Horvitz教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究組因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)遺傳學(xué)揭示egl-1、ced-9、ced-4和ced-3構(gòu)成的程序性細(xì)胞死亡的線性調(diào)控通路而獲得2002年的諾貝爾生理與醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
細(xì)胞凋亡從線蟲(chóng)到人類(lèi)都高度保守,當(dāng)細(xì)胞接收到凋亡信號(hào)后,,通過(guò)一系列精細(xì)調(diào)控和傳遞后,下游的凋亡執(zhí)行者caspase家族蛋白(CED-3是其中一員)被激活從而誘導(dǎo)凋亡的發(fā)生。施一公教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室十五年來(lái)一直致力于對(duì)細(xì)胞凋亡調(diào)控機(jī)理的研究。但是這條通路上caspase蛋白被激活的具體機(jī)制至今仍不清晰。2010年施一公實(shí)驗(yàn)室解析了CED-4細(xì)胞凋亡小體八聚體的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),是對(duì)CED-4介導(dǎo)的CED-3激活機(jī)制研究的重要突破,但是CED-3與CED-4的相互作用界面及機(jī)制仍然有待揭示。
施一公實(shí)驗(yàn)室最新論文通過(guò)解析CED-4凋亡小體與CED-3片段復(fù)合體的晶體結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合大量生物化學(xué)分析首次鑒定并證實(shí)了CED-4與CED-3相互作用的界面,發(fā)現(xiàn)CED-3通過(guò)L2’ loop上的一段疏水氨基酸與CED-4碗狀八聚體內(nèi)部的疏水空腔結(jié)合。這一實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)改變了該領(lǐng)域此前一直認(rèn)為的Caspase與其激活蛋白僅僅通過(guò)各自N端CARD結(jié)構(gòu)域結(jié)合這一固有觀念。后續(xù)一系列生物化學(xué)研究證實(shí)CED-3-CED-4形成的穩(wěn)定復(fù)合體可以激活CED-3并提高其酶切活性,進(jìn)而執(zhí)行下游凋亡活動(dòng)。CED-3激活機(jī)制的研究為人類(lèi)caspase家族蛋白激活機(jī)制提供了重要線索。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Genes & Development doi: 10.1101/gad.224428.113
Mechanistic insights into CED-4-mediated activation of CED-3
Weijiao Huang1,2, Tianyu Jiang1,2, Wooyoung Choi1,2, Shiqian Qi1,2, Yuxuan Pang1,2, Qi Hu1,2, Yanhui Xu3, Xinqi Gong1,2, Philip D. Jeffrey4, Jiawei Wang5 and Yigong Shi1,2,6
Programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans requires activation of the caspase CED-3, which strictly depends on CED-4. CED-4 forms an octameric apoptosome, which binds the CED-3 zymogen and facilitates its autocatalytic maturation. Despite recent advances, major questions remain unanswered. Importantly, how CED-4 recognizes CED-3 and how such binding facilitates CED-3 activation remain completely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the L2′ loop of CED-3 directly binds CED-4 and plays a major role in the formation of an active CED-4–CED-3 holoenzyme. The crystal structure of the CED-4 apoptosome bound to the L2′ loop fragment of CED-3, determined at 3.2 ? resolution, reveals specific interactions between a stretch of five hydrophobic amino acids from CED-3 and a shallow surface pocket within the hutch of the funnel-shaped CED-4 apoptosome. Structure-guided biochemical analysis confirms the functional importance of the observed CED-4–CED-3 interface. Structural analysis together with published evidence strongly suggest a working model in which two molecules of CED-3 zymogen, through specific recognition, are forced into the hutch of the CED-4 apoptosome, consequently undergoing dimerization and autocatalytic maturation. The mechanism of CED-3 activation represents a major revision of the prevailing model for initiator caspase activation.
(責(zé)任編輯:xiyang.zhang)
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