轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持及其反壟斷規(guī)制——以汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)為例
轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持及其反壟斷規(guī)制——以汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)為例
轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持是一種縱向限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的形式,同時(shí)也是現(xiàn)代汽車制造商提升利潤(rùn)的主要方式之一。相比于其他產(chǎn)業(yè),汽車市場(chǎng)是一個(gè)完全公開的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài),汽車品牌的眾多,造成了國(guó)家在對(duì)于汽車市場(chǎng)管制過程中的困難度提升;同時(shí)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)中的縱向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為出現(xiàn),對(duì)于企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來一定的正面影響,同時(shí)也帶來了一定的負(fù)面影響。汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)中的縱向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有效推動(dòng)了汽車制造商的品牌公眾形象優(yōu)化、從事也避免了雙重加價(jià)現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),但其也一定意義上嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了消費(fèi)者的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)價(jià)格優(yōu)惠權(quán)會(huì)的以及在售后過程中的高成本支出;優(yōu)化以及改善汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)縱向限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)帶來的諸多亂象以及不利影響,已經(jīng)成為了我國(guó)乃至全球國(guó)家的汽車管理以及規(guī)制重要內(nèi)容。
在本文的研究過程中,本文通過以汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)中的轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持以及反壟斷規(guī)制現(xiàn)狀為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行探討,通過汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持的產(chǎn)生原因以及市場(chǎng)效應(yīng)分析,同時(shí)通過進(jìn)一步我國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的縱向限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)狀分析作為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)一步提出我國(guó)未來汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持及其反壟斷規(guī)制建議,健全以及優(yōu)化推動(dòng)我國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵字:轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持;反壟斷;汽車產(chǎn)業(yè);縱向價(jià)格限制
Resale price maintenance is a form of vertical restriction of competition, and it is also one of the main ways for modern automobile manufacturers to improve their profits. Compared to other industries, the automobile market is a completely open competition, automobile brand many, resulting in a countries to enhance the degree of control in the automobile market in the process of difficult; also appear in the auto industry vertical competition behavior, for industrial enterprises to bring a positive impact, also brought some negative effects. Automobile industry in the vertical competition effectively promote the automobile manufacturer of the public image of the brand optimization, in avoiding the emergence of the phenomenon of double marginalization. But it is certain significance of serious damage to the privileges of consumer price competition and high costs in the process of after-sales support; optimization and improvement in the auto industry vertical restrictive competition brings a lot of chaos and adverse effects, has become the state of our country and even the global car management and regulation is an important content.
In the course of this study. In this paper, the in automobile industry in the resale price maintenance and antitrust regulation is based on the current situation to carry on the discussion, by automobile industry resale price maintenance have cause and effect of market analysis, at the same time, through further longitudinal of automobile industry of our country to restrict competition situation analysis as a basis, and further puts forward the future automobile industry resale price maintenance and suggestion on the anti-monopoly regulation, sound and optimized to promote the sustained and stable development of China's automobile industry.Key words: resale price maintenance; anti-monopoly; automobile industry; vertical price limit
在具體的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)反壟斷規(guī)制過程中,我國(guó)主要依托《反壟斷法》和《汽車品牌銷售管理實(shí)施辦法》兩部法典作為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行;其中《反壟斷法》是針對(duì)我國(guó)整體市場(chǎng)中的壟斷規(guī)制制度說明,而《汽車品牌銷售管理實(shí)施辦法》是以汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)為對(duì)象的相關(guān)管制方法以及制度提出。但就實(shí)際的應(yīng)用成果現(xiàn)狀來看,《反壟斷法》和《汽車品牌銷售管理實(shí)施辦法》并沒有對(duì)于汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)中的縱向限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為形成有效的約束,更多的是體現(xiàn)在對(duì)于汽車品牌經(jīng)銷商的管制上。
轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持,保障了汽車制造商到銷售商的價(jià)格一致性,同時(shí)是汽車制造商與銷售商之間的一種縱向約束關(guān)系;轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持的初衷是為了有效保障汽車制造商、銷售商以及消費(fèi)者的三方利益保障,而在實(shí)際的運(yùn)作過程中,由于我國(guó)4S店企業(yè)銷售模式發(fā)展不成熟,進(jìn)而加上多方面的約束,滿足了前兩者的利益,但卻損害了汽車產(chǎn)品消費(fèi)者的利益問題。在未來汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持相關(guān)縱向限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為優(yōu)化過程中,需要相關(guān)立法文件的完善,更需要汽車4S店以及消費(fèi)者等多方面的推動(dòng)進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)。我國(guó)的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持及其反壟斷規(guī)制任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
3汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持的產(chǎn)生原因及效應(yīng)分析
4我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持及其反壟斷規(guī)制建議
轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持一定意義上限定的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的混亂現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn),優(yōu)化推動(dòng)了自身品牌的建設(shè)以及公眾形象,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)具有一定的積極促進(jìn)作用;同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持也從一定的程度上損害了4S店的自主定價(jià)權(quán)。就我國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀來看,轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持主要展現(xiàn)為汽車最低售價(jià)的限定上,同時(shí)多數(shù)的經(jīng)銷商為了自身權(quán)益的保障,在維修保養(yǎng)得費(fèi)用定價(jià)上上提升了消費(fèi)者的支出,對(duì)于消費(fèi)者的權(quán)益形成了一定的損害,這與轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持的消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保障相背馳。
優(yōu)化轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持的不良影響以及反壟斷規(guī)制,需要從多方面上進(jìn)行,一方面需要我國(guó)相關(guān)立法文件的完善以及補(bǔ)充,進(jìn)而提供有效的制度文件作為參考以及準(zhǔn)則,,一方面需要4S店不斷強(qiáng)化自身品牌的建設(shè)以及談判能力的提升,更好的優(yōu)化現(xiàn)階段汽車制造商與經(jīng)銷商之間的單一限制關(guān)系;同時(shí)也需要消費(fèi)者的集體訴訟意識(shí)優(yōu)化,敢于與侵害自身權(quán)益的行為或是主體作斗爭(zhēng)。對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持以及反壟斷的規(guī)制需要多方面的措施共同推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn),而不是但一方面的措施進(jìn)行實(shí)現(xiàn),同時(shí)就我國(guó)的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)售價(jià)格維持及其反壟斷規(guī)制而言,任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
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