Executive Summary執(zhí)行概要

本文研究了社會資本對中小企業(yè)國際化經(jīng)營的影響，并著重分析了這些資本的存在和表現(xiàn)如何影響這些嘗試和過程的障礙。在研究的情況下，選擇在兩個先進(jìn)的（美國）和新興（中國）的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中形成的探索方面，這些地區(qū)之間的差異。
本研究采用定性的方法，，采用多案例研究方法，選取了4個中小企業(yè)為例，隨著一系列支撐機構(gòu)進(jìn)行的調(diào)查結(jié)果，其中包括政府部門和非營利機構(gòu)如商會。采訪中形成了數(shù)據(jù)采集的核心基礎(chǔ)，同時支持二級數(shù)據(jù)弗洛姆的支持機構(gòu)。從這些質(zhì)性研究結(jié)果中回答研究問題，為進(jìn)一步研究提供了命題。
核心研究結(jié)果的研究中心的概念，形成的命題，首先，社會資本的具體尺寸，更有效地減少特定的障礙，國際化的整體股票（相對）更高的整體比。其他核心研究結(jié)果是，中小企業(yè)更容易與支持機構(gòu)在其國際化的嘗試，如果他們在一個新興的背景下。最后的過程中，企業(yè)國際化的社會資本存在的感知水平，反過來又積極有效的方式，這些公司經(jīng)營。

This paper researches the effects of Social Capital on the internationalization attempts of small and medium sized enterprises and focuses on how the existence and manifestations of such capital can affect the barriers to these attempts and processes. The cases in the study were selected across both advanced (US) and emerging (China) economic contexts forming the exploratory aspect into the differences between these regions.
The research used a qualitative approach and used a multiple case study methodology, selecting 4 SME’s as cases along with a range of supporting institutions to triangulate the findings, these included government departments and non-profit agencies such as Chambers of Commerce. Interviews formed the core basis of data collection along with supporting secondary data fromm the support institutions. Answering the research questions from these qualitative findings formed propositions for further research.
The core findings of the study centered on the notions that formed the propositions, firstly that specific dimensions of Social Capital were more effective in reducing specific barriers to internationalization than simply higher overall stock (comparatively). Other core findings were that SME’s were more likely to engage with supporting institutions in their internationalization attempts, if they were in an emerging context. Lastly the process in which the firms internationalized was linked to the perceived level of Social Capital presence as that in turn actively effected the effectual way in which these firms operated.

Table of Contents
1. Introduction.………………………………………………………………....….5
2. Literature Review
2.1 Social Capital: A deconstruction ……………………………………….8
2.2 SME Internationalization: The ‘Stages’ challenged……………………11
2.3 Barriers to Internationalization; economic context…………………….13
2.4 Cultural Context: Clusters & Ecosystems……………………………...16
2.5 IE Convergence: Multi-disciplinarily overlaps………………………...20
3. Research Design and Methodology
3.1 Research Objectives and question……………………………….……..21
3.2 Research philosophies…………..…………………………….………..21
3.3 Case study research design……………………………………………..23
3.4 Case selection…………………………………………………………..24
3.5 Case Collection………………………………………………………....25
3.6 Data Analysis & Introduction of SCIM tool……………………….…..28
3.7 Case Profiles……………………………………………………………33
3.8 Supporting Interviews………………………………………………….36
4.Findings
4.1Social Capital…………………………………………………………..38
4.2 SME Internationalization……………………………………………..44
4.3Barriers to Internationalization……………………………………...47
4.4Cultural Context……………………………………………………….49
4.5 IE Convergence………………………………………………………..50
4.6Supporting Interviews…………………………………………….......51
4.7Summary Table………………………………………………………..53
5.Discussion
5.1 Findings…………………………………….………………………….54
5.2Contributions……………………………...…………………………..69
5.3Limitations………………………………...…………………………..71
5.4Managerial Implications………………...……………………………72
5.5Future Research………………………...……………………………..75
6. Conclusion
6.1wider propositions to SME Internationalization&Social Capital….77
7.Bibliography………….………………………………………………………..79
8.
Appendices…………….…………………………………………………….…86


1.0 Introduction
Internationalization of firms is a growing body of academic knowledge and its inherent links with microeconomics and wider macro influencers (Technology, Globalization and Digitalization) have given it a progression that has taken on widely varying paradigms. The early research (Erikson et al, 1997) suggested that internationalization was structured, linear and a somewhat staged process. Oviatt and McDougall however pioneered the widening archetypes of this process but extending its realms; ‘Early’ Internationalization and start up firms showed that qualitative research on niche aspects, highlight the sheer complexity of this subject and the infancy of our knowledge and on the appropriability of our theorems and models in explaining some phenomena.(Oviatt and McDougall, 1994)). When comparing this alone (anecdotally), to the case study research and success stories of many firms, large and small, it is clear that niche research and theory building is needed from wide perspectives to build more sophisticate

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