本文選題：城市集聚 + 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)池��； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市化是當(dāng)前世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)之一,城市聚集又是城市化的一個(gè)主要現(xiàn)象,城市聚集是城市人口以及產(chǎn)業(yè)群的聚集。近年來(lái),城市聚集因素研究?jī)叭怀蔀槌鞘薪?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的重要課題,并且伴隨著空間統(tǒng)計(jì)和空間計(jì)量學(xué)等研究工具的興起,城市聚集因素也從資源稟賦、地理優(yōu)勢(shì)的理論研究發(fā)展到以人為中心的人力資本、思想傳遞的實(shí)證研究。城市聚集經(jīng)濟(jì)的來(lái)源中最為人們所熟知的是由馬歇爾(1920年)提出的：勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)分享、投入共享、知識(shí)溢出。此外,還有自然優(yōu)勢(shì)、城市需求、消費(fèi)機(jī)會(huì)和尋租等也對(duì)聚集經(jīng)濟(jì)有所貢獻(xiàn)�？v觀我國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)于城市聚集因素的研究,大多集中于馬歇爾三因素中的投入分享和知識(shí)溢出,這不能全面反映我國(guó)城市聚集的真正含義和效應(yīng)。因此,文章旨在以聚集經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為基礎(chǔ),中國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)作為經(jīng)驗(yàn)支撐,并結(jié)合了數(shù)理建模和計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析手段來(lái)研究中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)池對(duì)于城市聚集的影響。 本文首先利用我國(guó)地級(jí)市數(shù)據(jù)描述了我國(guó)城市發(fā)展的歷程,通過(guò)基尼系數(shù)以及赫芬達(dá)爾指數(shù)來(lái)分析城市的聚集程度。接著介紹了關(guān)于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)池與城市聚集的基本模型,運(yùn)用中國(guó)2003～2011年間284個(gè)地級(jí)市數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的實(shí)證分析。文章控制住影響城市聚集的其他因素,從勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)共享和匹配兩個(gè)方面分析了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)池對(duì)于城市聚集的作用機(jī)制。其中我們選擇了284個(gè)地級(jí)市從業(yè)人員數(shù)以及工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)量來(lái)度量勞動(dòng)力共享,城市勞動(dòng)力共享使得工人有更多的工作機(jī)會(huì),企業(yè)有更多的雇傭選擇。我們選擇了工業(yè)企業(yè)雇傭規(guī)模以及平均勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率來(lái)度量勞動(dòng)力匹配。在稠密勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),企業(yè)更容易調(diào)整自身的雇傭規(guī)模壞的匹配,高質(zhì)量的匹配往往提高了平均勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。 分析結(jié)果表明,本地勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)池通過(guò)分享對(duì)城市聚集的確有促進(jìn)作用,但勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)池中的從業(yè)人員數(shù)對(duì)城市聚集的作用遠(yuǎn)大于企業(yè)數(shù)量的作用。城市聚集過(guò)程中充裕的勞動(dòng)力資源是分享機(jī)制中的重要作用因素,而企業(yè)中的崗位資源分享作用相對(duì)要弱的多。分東中西部地區(qū)來(lái)看,變量估計(jì)結(jié)果表明東部地區(qū)的城市聚集遠(yuǎn)高于中、西部地區(qū)。然從城市規(guī)模來(lái)看,城市越大,勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)分享帶來(lái)的效應(yīng)會(huì)隨著城市的增大而減小。勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)池通過(guò)匹配對(duì)城市聚集也的確有促進(jìn)作用,但平均勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率對(duì)城市聚集的作用遠(yuǎn)大于工人與企業(yè)比率指標(biāo)即企業(yè)雇傭規(guī)模指標(biāo)的作用,企業(yè)的雇傭規(guī)模的匹配作用相對(duì)要弱的多。匹配機(jī)制下,分東中西地區(qū)來(lái)看,估計(jì)結(jié)果和分享機(jī)制一致,從城市規(guī)模來(lái)看,城市越大,勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)匹配帶來(lái)的效應(yīng)會(huì)隨著城市的增大而增加。實(shí)證分析的結(jié)果支持勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)池是城市聚集的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is one of the driving forces of current world economic growth, and urban agglomeration is also a major phenomenon of urbanization. Urban agglomeration is the aggregation of urban population and industrial clusters. In recent years, the study of urban agglomeration factors has become an important subject in urban economics and regional economics, and with the rise of spatial statistics and spatial metrology, urban agglomeration factors have also developed from the natural endowment of resources. The theory of geographical advantage has developed into the empirical study of human capital and thought transmission. The most familiar source of urban agglomeration economy was proposed by Marshall (1920): Labor market sharing, input sharing, knowledge spillover. In addition, there are natural advantages, urban demand, consumption opportunities and rent-seeking also contribute to the agglomeration economy. Most of the researches on urban agglomeration factors at home and abroad focus on the input sharing and knowledge spillover in Marshall's three factors, which can not reflect the real meaning and effect of urban agglomeration in China. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to base on the theory of agglomeration economy, and to use Chinese data as the empirical support. Combined with mathematical modeling and econometrics analysis, this paper studies the impact of labor market pool on urban agglomeration in China. Firstly, the paper describes the course of urban development in China by using prefecture-level city data. The Gini coefficient and the Huffendal index are used to analyze the degree of urban agglomeration. Then it introduces the basic model of labor market pool and urban agglomeration, and makes a corresponding empirical analysis using 284 prefecture-level cities data from 2003 to 2011 in China. In this paper, we control other factors that affect urban agglomeration, and analyze the mechanism of labor market pool on urban agglomeration from two aspects of labor market sharing and matching. Among them, we chose 284 prefecture-level employees and the number of industrial enterprises to measure labor sharing, urban labor sharing makes workers have more job opportunities, enterprises have more employment options. We choose the scale of employment and the average labor productivity of industrial enterprises to measure the matching of labor force. In a dense labour market, firms are more likely to adjust their employment size to bad matches, which often increase average labor productivity. Local labor market pool does promote urban agglomeration through sharing, but the number of employees in labor market pool has much more effect on urban agglomeration than the number of enterprises. In the process of urban agglomeration, abundant labor resource is an important factor in the sharing mechanism, while the role of job resource sharing in enterprises is much weaker. From the point of view of the central and western regions, the variable estimation results show that the urban concentration in the eastern region is much higher than that in the central and western regions. However, the larger the city is, the smaller the effect of labor market sharing will be. The labor market pool does promote urban agglomeration through matching, but the average labor productivity has much more effect on urban aggregation than the ratio of workers to enterprises, that is, the employment scale of enterprises. The matching function of the employment scale of the enterprise is much weaker. According to the matching mechanism, the estimation result is consistent with the sharing mechanism. The larger the city is, the more the effect of labor market matching will increase with the increase of city size. The results of empirical analysis support that labor market pool is an important factor of urban agglomeration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2

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本文編號(hào)：1996251