【摘要】：我國民國文獻收藏總量豐富,種類繁多,是各級圖書館、檔案館館藏文獻的重要組成部分,是中華民族珍貴的文化遺產(chǎn),具有不可復制的重要歷史文化價值。但隨著時間推移,民國文獻正面臨酸化、脆化等保護危機,搶救民國文獻的任務(wù)迫在眉睫。針對紙質(zhì)文獻酸化日趨嚴峻的形式,大量脫酸處理技術(shù)已應(yīng)用于紙質(zhì)文獻保護中。目前,國內(nèi)研究的主要方向為水溶液脫酸法。快速、安全地干燥水溶液脫酸后的紙質(zhì)文獻是文獻保護過程中的重點。本論文選取水溶液脫酸后的紙質(zhì)文獻為研究對象,運用真空微波-冷凍聯(lián)合干燥的方法對脫酸后的整本圖書進行處理。利用真空微波干燥和真空冷凍干燥兩種方法分別對水溶液脫酸后的整本文獻進行干燥都是切實可行的,但兩種方法都存在一定程度的缺陷。本文將兩種干燥方法進行結(jié)合,對脫酸后紙質(zhì)文獻進行干燥。通過共晶點的試驗,結(jié)合脫酸液結(jié)晶特性,選擇合適的脫酸液,確定試驗流程及試驗操作參數(shù)。本文利用Fluent軟件對紙質(zhì)文獻真空冷凍干燥過程進行模擬,分析了預(yù)凍時冷阱周圍溫度場分布,以及凍干過程中凍干室溫度場分布,同時對預(yù)凍及冷凍干燥過程中紙質(zhì)文獻溫度場分布及紙質(zhì)文獻中心點溫度變化進行模擬,研究確定真空冷凍干燥的試驗參數(shù)。本文采用三種不同水分轉(zhuǎn)換率的真空微波-冷凍聯(lián)合干燥工藝,通過對比試驗前后文獻紙張的各方面性能及外觀,確定最佳水分轉(zhuǎn)換率的聯(lián)合干燥工藝。結(jié)果表明,三種水分轉(zhuǎn)換率的聯(lián)合干燥工藝干燥過的紙質(zhì)文獻,白度有顯著的提高,紙張的pH值在7.5以上,紙張機械性能也有不同程度的提高,其中經(jīng)30%水分轉(zhuǎn)換率聯(lián)合干燥工藝干燥過的文獻,紙張的撕裂度、抗張強度、耐折度略優(yōu)于其他兩種水分轉(zhuǎn)換率。同時,真空微波-冷凍聯(lián)合干燥在圖書穩(wěn)形方面有顯著的效果,干燥后的文獻可以很好地保持原來的形狀,30%水分轉(zhuǎn)換率的聯(lián)合干燥工藝文獻保持效果略優(yōu)于其他兩種。綜合各方面因素,確定30%水分轉(zhuǎn)換率的真空微波-冷凍聯(lián)合干燥為最佳干燥工藝。研究結(jié)果表明,真空微波-冷凍聯(lián)合干燥工藝對脫酸后圖書進行干燥是一種切實可行的方法。對不同厚度及不同時期紙張的圖書進行一系列的聯(lián)合干燥工藝對比試驗,對圖書干燥后的各項指標進行了分析研究,確定了(實驗范圍內(nèi))最佳的聯(lián)合干燥工藝,為進一步達到紙質(zhì)文獻規(guī)�；撍崽幚硖峁┝艘环N高效安全的干燥處理方法,也為其進一步的推廣應(yīng)用奠定了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)和優(yōu)化方法。
[Abstract]:The literature collection of the Republic of China is rich in quantity and variety. It is an important part of the collection of documents in libraries and archives at all levels and is the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. It has important historical and cultural value that cannot be duplicated. However, with the passage of time, the Republic of China literature is facing acidification, embrittlement and other protection crisis, the task of rescuing the Republic of China document is urgent. In view of the increasingly severe form of acidification of paper documents, a large number of deacidification techniques have been applied to the protection of paper documents. At present, the main direction of domestic research is aqueous solution deacidification. The paper document after desiccation of aqueous solution quickly and safely is the focal point in the process of document protection. In this paper, the paper literature after deacidification in aqueous solution was chosen as the research object, and the whole book was treated by vacuum microwave and freeze-drying method. It is feasible to use vacuum microwave drying method and vacuum freeze-drying method to dry the whole literature after dehydration of aqueous solution, but both methods have some defects to some extent. In this paper, two drying methods were combined to dry the paper documents after deacidification. Through the test of eutectic point and the crystallization characteristics of deacidated liquid, the suitable deacidification solution was selected, and the test flow and operation parameters were determined. In this paper, Fluent software is used to simulate the vacuum freeze-drying process of paper literature, and the temperature field distribution around the cold trap and the freeze-drying chamber during the freeze-drying process are analyzed. At the same time, the temperature field distribution of paper document and the temperature change of paper document center point in the process of pre-freezing and freeze-drying were simulated, and the experimental parameters of vacuum freeze-drying were determined. In this paper, three kinds of vacuum microwave freeze-drying processes with different water conversion rates were used to determine the optimal moisture conversion rate by comparing the properties and appearance of the papers before and after the experiment. The results showed that the whiteness of the paper was significantly improved, the pH value of the paper was more than 7. 5, and the mechanical properties of the paper were improved to some extent. Among them, the paper's tear strength, tensile strength and folding resistance were slightly better than the other two kinds of water conversion rate, which were dried by 30% water conversion rate combined with drying process. At the same time, the combined vacuum microwave and freeze drying has remarkable effect on the book form stabilization, and the literature after drying can keep the original shape 30% moisture conversion rate and keep the effect slightly better than the other two kinds of literature. Combined vacuum microwave and freeze drying with 30% water conversion rate was determined as the best drying process. The results show that the vacuum microwave-freeze-drying process is a feasible method for the drying of books after deacidification. A series of comparative tests on the combined drying process of books with different thickness and different periods were carried out. The indexes after book drying were analyzed and studied, and the best combined drying process was determined. It provides a high efficient and safe drying method for the paper document large-scale deacidification, and lays a certain theoretical foundation and optimization method for its further popularization and application.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS767;G253.6

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