本文選題：光導(dǎo)纖維反射光譜法 + 彩繪文物��； 參考：《西北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2006年博士論文

【摘要】： 彩繪類文物研究與保護(hù)的重要工作是顏料成分鑒定和表面加固保護(hù)。 由于文物具有不可再生的特性，決定了理想的文物分析技術(shù)應(yīng)當(dāng)是無損的。目前常用的XRD、XRF等分析方法通常需要從文物上刮取粉末或制成合適規(guī)格的樣品進(jìn)行測試，會對文物產(chǎn)生破壞。國外有人采用價格昂貴的光導(dǎo)纖維反射光譜儀對顏料成分作鑒定，，但在我國大多博物館和文博單位這種昂貴的儀器是很難推廣使用。 彩繪文物保護(hù)的另一個亟待解決的難題是彩繪顏料表面的封護(hù)、加固保護(hù)問題。雖然，越來越多的有機(jī)高分子材料被“移殖”于文物保護(hù)領(lǐng)域，但對材料的穩(wěn)定性缺乏系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)、全面的研究，選擇材料具有很大的盲目性和片面性。 根據(jù)文物保護(hù)的特殊要求，針對我國文物保護(hù)的具體現(xiàn)狀和急需解決的難題，我們首次對國產(chǎn)儀器改裝，研制出了一種價格低廉、性能優(yōu)良的光導(dǎo)纖維反射光譜儀，并成功地分析鑒定了重慶大足石刻區(qū)、漢陽陵博物館等處彩繪文物上的顏料成分。對常用彩繪類文物保護(hù)材料的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究，通過加入紫外線吸收劑、由物理共混的方式提高了有機(jī)高分子文物保護(hù)材料的耐光老化性能。本論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 研制出了一種簡易光導(dǎo)纖維反射光譜儀。該儀器是在對國產(chǎn)72G型分光光度計(jì)改裝基礎(chǔ)上研制而成的，儀器由鎢燈、單色器、雙臂光纖、暗盒、光電倍增管檢測器、讀數(shù)裝置、高壓電源等部分組成。改裝儀器的核心是采用玻璃雙臂光纖傳輸光線，利用檢測反射光譜信號實(shí)現(xiàn)對樣品的無損測量。以高靈敏度的光電倍增管替代光電管作為檢測器，這樣對微弱的反射光信號能夠?qū)嵤┯行У臋z測。設(shè)計(jì)防光性好的金屬暗室來消除外界的干擾，提高了測量的準(zhǔn)確性。同時，采用Perkin-Elmer Lambda 17紫外-可見分光光度計(jì)進(jìn)行了對比分析，表明所研制的光導(dǎo)纖維反射光譜儀性能穩(wěn)定，完全能夠用于文物顏料的鑒定。 通過對大量中國古代彩繪顏料的分析，歸納出顏料反射光譜曲線的三種類型：“鐘”形、“S”形、和“斜線”形，總結(jié)出每種顏料反射光譜曲線的特征。研究了影響顏料反射光譜的因素，包括顏料飽和度、顏料粒度、顏料中的粘接劑、顏料底層材料、顏料表面保護(hù)材料等。建立了光導(dǎo)纖維反射光譜分析彩繪顏料的基本方法，即通過比較文物顏料樣品和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)顏料的反射光譜曲線的形狀、特征反射峰或一階導(dǎo)數(shù)峰，實(shí)現(xiàn)對彩繪文物顏料的鑒定。 采用自行研制的儀器對重慶大足千手觀音、西漢彩俑、西安市長安縣墓葬壁畫等文物顏料進(jìn)行了無損鑒定。通過用XRF、XRD方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，表明光導(dǎo)纖維反射光譜儀用于顏料分析鑒定結(jié)果是準(zhǔn)確、可靠的。 通過表征光老化過程中實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的反射光譜、紅外光譜、顯微分析、接觸角、硬度等各項(xiàng)性能，系統(tǒng)地探討了4類8種常用文物保護(hù)材料在老化降解中所產(chǎn)生的顏色、分子結(jié)構(gòu)、表面形態(tài)、親水性能、物理強(qiáng)度的變化，對這些材料的耐光老化性能進(jìn)行了全面評估，并推導(dǎo)出降解機(jī)理。這4類8種材料分別是：①聚氨酯類：包括TDI型聚氨酯、MDI型聚氨酯、HDI型聚氨酯；②丙烯酸樹脂：包括丙烯酸清漆、Primal AC 33、B72；③有機(jī)硅；④環(huán)氧樹脂。實(shí)驗(yàn)所選擇的人工加速老化光源是UVB紫外燈。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在所考察4類材料中，丙烯酸樹脂較其它3類材料具有更優(yōu)異的耐光老化性能，特別是Primal AC 33和B72，作為最佳的文物保護(hù)和修復(fù)材料值得大力推廣、普遍使用。 首次將UV-326、UV-327、UV-328、UV-531和UV-P紫外線吸收劑用于B72、MDI型聚氨酯和環(huán)氧樹脂的改性研究，通過物理共混將紫外線吸收劑引入樹脂體系，以提高現(xiàn)有文物保護(hù)材料的耐光老化性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，這些紫外線吸收劑性能穩(wěn)定，70h紫外光輻照后的損失不超過1.0％。通過對常用文保材料添加紫外線吸收劑改性，光老化后其顏色、紅外光譜、硬度、失重、可逆性都有所改善，紫外線吸收劑的最佳濃度為0.5％～3％。綜合多項(xiàng)考察指標(biāo)，選擇出3體系的最佳改性方案分別是3％UV327改性B72體系、0.25％UV327+0.25％UV531改性MDI型聚氨酯體系或0.25％UV328+0.25％UV531改性MDI型聚氨酯體系、3％UV328改性環(huán)氧樹脂體系。
[Abstract]:The important work of research and protection of coloured cultural relics is pigment composition identification and surface strengthening protection.
Because of the non renewable characteristics of the cultural relics, the ideal analysis technology of cultural relics should be nondestructive. The commonly used methods such as XRD, XRF and other analytical methods usually need to scrape powder from cultural relics or make samples of suitable specifications for testing and destroy the cultural relics. Pigment composition is identified, but expensive instruments are widely used in most museums and cultural institutions in China.
Another difficult problem to be solved for the protection of painted relics is the sealing and protection of painted paint surface. Although more and more organic polymer materials are "migrate" to the field of cultural relic protection, the stability of the materials is lack of systematic, scientific and comprehensive research, and the selection of materials has great blindness and one-sided nature.
According to the special requirements of cultural relic protection, in view of the specific status of cultural relic protection in China and the difficult problems to be solved urgently, we have reformed domestic instruments for the first time, and developed a kind of light guided fiber reflection spectrometer with low price and excellent performance, and successfully analyzed and identified the painted relics in Chongqing Dazu stone carving area and Hanyang Tombs Museum. Pigment composition. The stability of the commonly used color painting relics protection materials is systematically studied. By adding ultraviolet absorbents, the light aging resistance of organic polymer protection materials is improved by physical blending. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
A simple light guided fiber reflection spectrometer is developed. The instrument is made up of a domestic 72G spectrophotometer. The instrument consists of a tungsten lamp, a monochromator, a double arm fiber, a dark box, a photomultiplier detector, a reading device and a high voltage power source. The core of the reloaded instrument is the use of glass double arm fiber transmission light. Line, using the detection of the reflection spectrum signal to realize the nondestructive measurement of the sample. The high sensitivity photomultiplier tube instead of the photoelectric tube is used as the detector, so the weak reflective light signal can be effectively detected. The design of a good anti light metal dark room to eliminate the external interference and improve the accuracy of the measurement. At the same time, the Perkin-Elm is used. The ER Lambda 17 UV VIS spectrophotometer has been compared and analyzed. It shows that the developed optical fiber reflective spectrometer has a stable performance and can be used for the identification of cultural relics.
Through the analysis of a large number of Chinese ancient painted pigments, three types of pigment reflection spectral curves were summed up: "clock", "S", and "oblique line", and summed up the characteristics of the reflectance spectra of each pigment. The factors affecting the pigment reflectance spectrum were studied, including pigment saturation, pigment granularity, pigment in the pigment, pigment. Basic materials, pigment surface protection materials, etc., a basic method for the analysis of painted pigments by optical fiber reflectance spectroscopy is established, that is, by comparing the shape of the reflectance spectra of the samples of cultural relics and standard pigments, the characteristics of the reflection peaks or the first derivative peaks, which can be used to identify the pigment of the painted relics.
Chongqing Dazu thousand hand Guanyin, the Western Han Dynasty figurines and the murals of the tombs in Changan County, Xi'an, were identified by self developed instruments. The results were verified by XRF and XRD. The results showed that the optical fiber reflection spectrometer was accurate and reliable for the analysis and identification of pigment.
By characterizing the properties of the reflective spectra, infrared spectra, microanalysis, contact angle and hardness of the experimental materials during the photoaging process, the color, molecular structure, surface morphology, hydrophilic energy, physical strength and light aging resistance of the 4 kinds of 8 kinds of common cultural relics protection materials were systematically investigated. The 4 kinds of 8 kinds of materials are: (1) polyurethane: TDI polyurethane, MDI type polyurethane, HDI type polyurethane; (2) acrylic resin, including acrylic varnish, Primal AC 33, B72; (3) organosilicon; (4) epoxy resin. The artificial accelerated aging light selected by the experiment is UVB violet The experimental results show that in the 4 kinds of materials, the acrylic resin has better light aging resistance than the other 3 kinds of materials, especially Primal AC 33 and B72. As the best material for cultural relic protection and repair, it is worth popularizing and widely used.
The UV Absorbents of UV-326, UV-327, UV-328, UV-531 and UV-P were used for the first time in the modification of B72, MDI polyurethane and epoxy resin. The UV Absorbents were introduced into the resin system by physical blending to improve the light aging properties of the existing cultural relics protection materials. The experiments showed that the UV Absorbents were stable and UV irradiated by 70h. The subsequent loss does not exceed 1.0%. by adding UV Absorbents to commonly used cultural materials. After light aging, the color, infrared spectrum, hardness, weight loss and reversibility have improved. The optimum concentration of ultraviolet absorbents is 0.5% to 3%., and the best modification scheme of the 3 system is 3%UV327 modified B72, respectively. System, 0.25%UV327+0.25%UV531 modified MDI polyurethane system or 0.25%UV328+0.25%UV531 modified MDI polyurethane system, 3%UV328 modified epoxy resin system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：G264

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 張興高;HTPB推進(jìn)劑貯存老化特性及壽命預(yù)估研究[D];國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2009年

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1 任越;聚氨酯襯層材料老化行為研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：2070254