不同栽培模式對佛手山藥生長發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)的影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-12 17:11
【摘要】：佛手山藥是6種獲得“國家農(nóng)產(chǎn)品地理標(biāo)志”認(rèn)證之一的特色山藥品種,主要種植分布在湖北省黃岡市的武穴市、蘄春縣、黃梅縣等地,迄今已有300余年的栽培歷史。佛手山藥栽培中存在的主要問題包括:佛手山藥以塊莖為種莖繁殖,用種量大,種莖成本高;傳統(tǒng)栽培方式肥料用量過大,生產(chǎn)資料入較高,而利用效率較低。目前,對佛手山藥開展栽培技術(shù)優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)研究少見報道,因此,通過優(yōu)化栽培降低佛手山藥用種量,提高山藥產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì),增加農(nóng)民的種植效益的具有重要的理論與實踐指導(dǎo)意義。試驗于2015年和2016年在湖北省武穴市大金鎮(zhèn)周干村大田條件下進(jìn)行。2015年設(shè)置的試驗處理包括農(nóng)民高產(chǎn)栽培模式(R1F1)、減氮增鉀模式(R1F2)、減肥肥料后移模式(R1F3)、減密模式(R1F4)、減密減氮增鉀模式(R1F5)5個處理,栽培方式均采用一壟四行(R1),小區(qū)面積64 m2,重復(fù)3次;2016年在2015年試驗基礎(chǔ)上做了部分調(diào)整,除保留一壟四行(R1)以外,增設(shè)了一壟雙行(R2)的栽培方式,以R1、R2栽培方式為主處理,3個副處理為:農(nóng)民高產(chǎn)施肥(F1)、減肥肥料后移施肥(F6)、增施硝態(tài)氮施肥(F7),調(diào)整第二次追肥設(shè)置R1F8、R2F9、R1F10、R2F10處理,副區(qū)面積60 m2,重復(fù)3次。比較研究了不同栽培模式對佛手山藥生長發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.佛手山藥的生育期年際間的差異較大,2015年全生育期為237 d,2016年為270d,兩年之間相差33 d。導(dǎo)致年際間差異的主要原因是2016年中期雨水較多,塊莖膨大后期增重變緩,成熟時間推遲。同一年份不同栽培密度、肥料施用量和施肥時間等栽培措施對佛手山藥全生育期的影響較小。2.不同栽培模式對佛手山藥的產(chǎn)量影響差異顯著,2015年R1F4和R1F1兩種栽培模式的產(chǎn)量分別為32.99 t hm-2和32.87 t hm-2,兩者產(chǎn)量最高,均顯著高于其它3種模式。在2016年R1F1和R1F10兩種模式的產(chǎn)量最高,分別為22.22 t hm-2和20.40 t hm-2�？傮w而言,較高的氮肥用量、基肥與藤蔓期施肥比例高有利于提高佛手山藥產(chǎn)量,氮肥后移對佛手山藥的增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)不顯著;此外,一壟雙行不利于塊莖膨大期快速增重對水分的需求,從而導(dǎo)致其產(chǎn)量低于一壟四行。3.影響佛手山藥高產(chǎn)主要是干物質(zhì)積累總量和葉面積指數(shù)較高所致,2015年,R1F4和R1F1模式最大生物量分別為929.28 g m-2和984.56 g m-2,其葉面積指數(shù)也相應(yīng)最大,兩者分別為5.03和4.61,均高于其它3種模式。2016年,R1F1生物量最高為683.20 g m-2,葉面積指數(shù)為2.17,均高于其它模式。4.不同栽培模式顯著影響佛手山藥的塊莖大小和整齊度。2015年,R1F4平均塊莖重為438.90 g,遠(yuǎn)高于其它4個處理;2016年,R1F10與R1F1模式塊莖平均重分別為240.58 g和248.20 g,均高于其它處理。2015年,R1F3模式的CV為26.76%;2016年,R1F6為CV為32.5%,其整齊度相對較高。5.不同栽培模式對佛手山藥的淀粉含量和粗多糖含量影響顯著。2015年,R1F2的塊莖淀粉含量顯著高于R1F1和R1F4。2016年,R1F6和R2F6的淀粉含量顯著高于R1F1模式。2015年,R1F3的塊莖粗多糖含量顯著高于R1F2和R1F5,在2016年,一壟四行比一壟雙行模式更有利于粗多糖的積累。6.不同栽培模式的經(jīng)濟效益存在明顯差異。2015年,R1F4和R1F1種植模式利潤最大,分別為63761￥hm-2和59683￥hm-2;2016年,R1F10和R1F1種植模式利潤最大,分別為90736￥hm-2和102310￥hm-2。7.綜合所述,佛手山藥現(xiàn)有的栽培模式可以進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化:適當(dāng)降低種植密度可以減少種莖用量保持產(chǎn)量不降低;減施氮肥15%左右并后移等技術(shù)措施有利于平均塊莖重增大,提高山藥中的風(fēng)味品質(zhì)成分;這些栽培措施的優(yōu)化有利于增加種植農(nóng)戶的收益。
[Abstract]:The Chinese yam is one of the six kinds of Chinese yam, which is one of the "National Agricultural Product Geographical Indications"-certified. The main planting pattern is in the city of Wuche, Yichun and Huangmei in Huanggang City, Hubei Province, and has more than 300 years of cultivation history. The main problems in the cultivation of the Buddha's Chinese yam include the propagation of the tuber of the Chinese yam, the large amount of the seed and the high cost of the seed, the large amount of the fertilizer used in the traditional cultivation, the higher the production of the means of production, and the lower utilization efficiency. At present, the systematic research on the cultivation technology of Chinese yam is rare, so it is of great significance to improve the yield and quality of the yam by optimizing the cultivation and to increase the yield and quality of the Chinese yam, and to increase the planting benefit of the farmers. The test is carried out in 2015 and 2016 under the field condition of Zhougan Village, Djinan Town, Wudongde, Hubei Province. The test treatment set in 2015 includes the high-yield cultivation mode of the farmer (R1F1), the nitrogen-reducing and potassium-increasing mode (R1F2), the back-moving mode of the weight-reducing fertilizer (R1F3) and the reduced-density mode (R1F4). 5 treatments of the reduced nitrogen and potassium-increasing mode (R1F5) are adopted, a ridge four rows (R1) are adopted in the cultivation mode, the area of the cell is 64 m2, and the three times are repeated; in 2016, a partial adjustment is made on the basis of the 2015 test, in addition to the retention of a ridge four rows (R1), the cultivation mode of a ridge double row (R2) is added, The cultivation mode of R2 is the main treatment, and the three secondary treatments are as follows: the farmer high-yield fertilizer application (F1), the fertilizer application of the weight-reducing fertilizer (F6), the application of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer (F7), the adjustment of the second topdressing setting R1 F8, the R2F9, the R1F10, the R2F10 treatment, the auxiliary area area of 60m2, and the repeated three times. The effects of different cultivation patterns on the growth, yield and quality of Chinese yam were compared. The main results are as follows:1. The difference between the year of the growth period of the Buddha and the Chinese yam is large, the whole growth period in 2015 is 237th day, the period of 2016 is 270d, and the difference of the two years is 33d. The main reason for the difference between the year and the year is that the middle-term rainwater in 2016 is more, the weight gain of the later stage of the tuber expansion becomes slow, and the mature time is delayed. The effect of different cultivation density, fertilizer application rate and time of fertilization on the whole growth period of Chinese yam was less than that in the same year. The effect of different cultivation patterns on the yield of Chinese yam was significant, and the yield of both R1F4 and R1F1 in 2015 was 32.99 t hm-2 and 32.87 t hm-2, respectively. In 2016, the yield of R1F1 and R1F10 was the highest, 22.22 t hm-2 and 20.40 t hm-2, respectively. In general, the high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, the high fertilization ratio of the base fertilizer and the vine-vine period is favorable to the improvement of the yield of the Buddha-hand yam, the effect of the application of the nitrogen fertilizer on the Buddha-hand Chinese yam is not obvious, and in addition, the ridge double-row is not beneficial to the requirement of the rapid weight gain on the water in the expansion period of the tuber, Resulting in a lower yield than a ridge of four rows. In 2015, the maximum biomass of RF4 and R1F1 was 929.28 g m-2 and 984.56 g m-2, respectively, and the leaf area index was also the largest, both of which were 5.03 and 4.61, higher than the other three modes. In 2016, The biomass of R1F1 was 683.20 g m-2 and the leaf area index was 2.17. In 2015, the average tuber weight of R1F4 was 438.90g, which was much higher than the other four treatments. In 2016, the average weight of RF10 and R1F1 was 240.58g and 248.20 g, which was higher than that of other treatments. In 2015, the CV of R1F3 was 26.76%; in 2016, R1F6 is 32.5% CV and its tidiness is relatively high. In 2015, the content of the tuber starch of R1F2 was significantly higher than that of R1F1 and R1F4. In the year of 2016, the starch content of R1F6 and RF6 was significantly higher than that of R1F1. In 2015, the content of crude polysaccharide in the tuber of R1F3 was significantly higher than that of R1F2 and R1F5, in 2016, The double-row mode of ridging is more beneficial to the accumulation of crude polysaccharide. There was a significant difference in the economic benefit of different cultivation modes. In 2015, the profit of the planting patterns of R1F4 and R1F1 was the largest, which was 63761/ hm-2 and 59683-hm-2, respectively. In 2016, the profit of the planting patterns of R1F10 and R1F1 was the largest, and the profit was 90736-hm-2 and 1023310-hm-2.7, respectively. According to the invention, the existing cultivation mode of the Buddha-hand Chinese yam can be further optimized, the planting density can be appropriately reduced, the amount of the seed stem can be reduced, the yield is not reduced, and the technical measures such as the reduction of the nitrogen fertilizer by about 15% and the back removal are beneficial to the increase of the average tuber weight, and the flavor quality component in the Chinese yam is improved; The optimization of these cultivation measures is beneficial to the increase of the income of the farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S632.1
[Abstract]:The Chinese yam is one of the six kinds of Chinese yam, which is one of the "National Agricultural Product Geographical Indications"-certified. The main planting pattern is in the city of Wuche, Yichun and Huangmei in Huanggang City, Hubei Province, and has more than 300 years of cultivation history. The main problems in the cultivation of the Buddha's Chinese yam include the propagation of the tuber of the Chinese yam, the large amount of the seed and the high cost of the seed, the large amount of the fertilizer used in the traditional cultivation, the higher the production of the means of production, and the lower utilization efficiency. At present, the systematic research on the cultivation technology of Chinese yam is rare, so it is of great significance to improve the yield and quality of the yam by optimizing the cultivation and to increase the yield and quality of the Chinese yam, and to increase the planting benefit of the farmers. The test is carried out in 2015 and 2016 under the field condition of Zhougan Village, Djinan Town, Wudongde, Hubei Province. The test treatment set in 2015 includes the high-yield cultivation mode of the farmer (R1F1), the nitrogen-reducing and potassium-increasing mode (R1F2), the back-moving mode of the weight-reducing fertilizer (R1F3) and the reduced-density mode (R1F4). 5 treatments of the reduced nitrogen and potassium-increasing mode (R1F5) are adopted, a ridge four rows (R1) are adopted in the cultivation mode, the area of the cell is 64 m2, and the three times are repeated; in 2016, a partial adjustment is made on the basis of the 2015 test, in addition to the retention of a ridge four rows (R1), the cultivation mode of a ridge double row (R2) is added, The cultivation mode of R2 is the main treatment, and the three secondary treatments are as follows: the farmer high-yield fertilizer application (F1), the fertilizer application of the weight-reducing fertilizer (F6), the application of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer (F7), the adjustment of the second topdressing setting R1 F8, the R2F9, the R1F10, the R2F10 treatment, the auxiliary area area of 60m2, and the repeated three times. The effects of different cultivation patterns on the growth, yield and quality of Chinese yam were compared. The main results are as follows:1. The difference between the year of the growth period of the Buddha and the Chinese yam is large, the whole growth period in 2015 is 237th day, the period of 2016 is 270d, and the difference of the two years is 33d. The main reason for the difference between the year and the year is that the middle-term rainwater in 2016 is more, the weight gain of the later stage of the tuber expansion becomes slow, and the mature time is delayed. The effect of different cultivation density, fertilizer application rate and time of fertilization on the whole growth period of Chinese yam was less than that in the same year. The effect of different cultivation patterns on the yield of Chinese yam was significant, and the yield of both R1F4 and R1F1 in 2015 was 32.99 t hm-2 and 32.87 t hm-2, respectively. In 2016, the yield of R1F1 and R1F10 was the highest, 22.22 t hm-2 and 20.40 t hm-2, respectively. In general, the high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, the high fertilization ratio of the base fertilizer and the vine-vine period is favorable to the improvement of the yield of the Buddha-hand yam, the effect of the application of the nitrogen fertilizer on the Buddha-hand Chinese yam is not obvious, and in addition, the ridge double-row is not beneficial to the requirement of the rapid weight gain on the water in the expansion period of the tuber, Resulting in a lower yield than a ridge of four rows. In 2015, the maximum biomass of RF4 and R1F1 was 929.28 g m-2 and 984.56 g m-2, respectively, and the leaf area index was also the largest, both of which were 5.03 and 4.61, higher than the other three modes. In 2016, The biomass of R1F1 was 683.20 g m-2 and the leaf area index was 2.17. In 2015, the average tuber weight of R1F4 was 438.90g, which was much higher than the other four treatments. In 2016, the average weight of RF10 and R1F1 was 240.58g and 248.20 g, which was higher than that of other treatments. In 2015, the CV of R1F3 was 26.76%; in 2016, R1F6 is 32.5% CV and its tidiness is relatively high. In 2015, the content of the tuber starch of R1F2 was significantly higher than that of R1F1 and R1F4. In the year of 2016, the starch content of R1F6 and RF6 was significantly higher than that of R1F1. In 2015, the content of crude polysaccharide in the tuber of R1F3 was significantly higher than that of R1F2 and R1F5, in 2016, The double-row mode of ridging is more beneficial to the accumulation of crude polysaccharide. There was a significant difference in the economic benefit of different cultivation modes. In 2015, the profit of the planting patterns of R1F4 and R1F1 was the largest, which was 63761/ hm-2 and 59683-hm-2, respectively. In 2016, the profit of the planting patterns of R1F10 and R1F1 was the largest, and the profit was 90736-hm-2 and 1023310-hm-2.7, respectively. According to the invention, the existing cultivation mode of the Buddha-hand Chinese yam can be further optimized, the planting density can be appropriately reduced, the amount of the seed stem can be reduced, the yield is not reduced, and the technical measures such as the reduction of the nitrogen fertilizer by about 15% and the back removal are beneficial to the increase of the average tuber weight, and the flavor quality component in the Chinese yam is improved; The optimization of these cultivation measures is beneficial to the increase of the income of the farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S632.1
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 景嫻;江海;杜歡歡;孟怡t，
本文編號：2498168
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