【摘要】：稻瘟病是一種在世界范圍廣泛發(fā)生的水稻病害。目前,培育和選用抗病品種以及品種合理布局是防治稻瘟病最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的方法。由于稻瘟病菌生理小種繁多且極易發(fā)生變異,導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)有抗病品種在推廣種植3~5年即會(huì)喪失抗性。因此,了解不同區(qū)域內(nèi)稻瘟病菌無毒基因組成、明確適用于當(dāng)?shù)胤N植水稻品種所含抗瘟基因類型、篩選抗病品種等對(duì)水稻抗瘟品種利用和合理布局具有重要意義。為明確24個(gè)已知抗瘟基因在湖北省的利用價(jià)值,在宜昌和恩施地區(qū)自然病圃對(duì)24個(gè)水稻單基因系進(jìn)行田間抗瘟性鑒定。綜合2014~2016年三年鑒定結(jié)果,2015年的發(fā)病情況普遍高于2014和2016年。在宜昌地區(qū)單基因系品種K8、K10、K17、K18和K25對(duì)葉瘟和穗瘟的抗性較好,說明其含有的抗瘟基因Pikh、Piz5、Pish、Pi1、Pikm在宜昌地區(qū)具有推廣價(jià)值,而K8和K18在恩施地區(qū)的抗性高,表明抗瘟基因Pikh和Pi1在恩施地區(qū)具有較好利用價(jià)值,含有這些抗瘟基因的水稻品種可在恩施地區(qū)布局種植。2014~2016年利用24個(gè)水稻單基因系對(duì)恩施地區(qū)300個(gè)稻瘟菌單孢菌株的無毒基因型進(jìn)行鑒定。結(jié)果表明,來自恩施地區(qū)的稻瘟菌菌株致病力普遍較強(qiáng),24個(gè)無毒基因在三年中均有出現(xiàn),出現(xiàn)頻率最高的組合數(shù)目為2個(gè)無毒基因的組合,且組合數(shù)目越少,致病力越強(qiáng)。其中Avr-Pikm、Avr-Pikh和Avr-Pi1出現(xiàn)頻率最高且穩(wěn)定,含有對(duì)應(yīng)抗瘟基因Pikm、Pikh和Pi1的水稻品種適合在湖北省恩施地區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用。采用16個(gè)稻瘟菌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鑒別菌株對(duì)60個(gè)湖北省主栽水稻品種進(jìn)行抗瘟基因型推導(dǎo),發(fā)現(xiàn)供試水稻品種只有科優(yōu)21與Pi19的抗感反應(yīng)型完全相同,確定其只含有這一個(gè)抗瘟基因,另外有35個(gè)品種能夠確定推導(dǎo)出可能含有的抗性基因;通過對(duì)接種結(jié)果進(jìn)行聚類分析,將60份水稻品種劃分為12類,同一類水稻品種含有相同的一個(gè)或多個(gè)抗瘟基因。2014~2016年在宜昌和恩施地區(qū)稻瘟病常發(fā)病圃對(duì)湖北省主栽水稻品種的田間抗瘟性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。在宜昌地區(qū)鑒定湖北省主推水稻品種314份,對(duì)葉瘟和穗瘟都表現(xiàn)抗(R)或中抗(MR)的品種有123個(gè),其中C兩優(yōu)華占、D優(yōu)202、曾抗一號(hào)、川抗993和金科優(yōu)651等18個(gè)品種經(jīng)過了2~3年鑒定,抗性穩(wěn)定,是最為理想的抗源材料。在恩施地區(qū)鑒定水稻主栽品種143份,對(duì)葉瘟和穗瘟都表現(xiàn)高抗(HR)、抗病(R)或中抗(MR)的品種有41個(gè),綿5優(yōu)142、全豐2155、全優(yōu)5138等22個(gè)品種在恩施病圃經(jīng)2年以上的田間抗性鑒定,抗性較為穩(wěn)定,可在恩施地區(qū)推廣種植。
[Abstract]:Rice blast is a kind of rice disease which occurs widely in the world. At present, the cultivation and selection of resistant varieties and the rational distribution of varieties are the most economical and effective methods to control rice blast. Because of the large number of physiological races of Magnaporthe grisea and easy to mutate, the existing resistant varieties will lose their resistance after 3 ~ 5 years of popularization and planting. Therefore, understanding the composition of non-toxic genes of Magnaporthe grisea in different regions, making clear the types of blast-resistant genes contained in local rice varieties, and screening resistant varieties are of great significance for the utilization and rational distribution of rice varieties resistant to blast. In order to determine the utilization value of 24 known blast resistance genes in Hubei Province, 24 rice single gene lines were identified in natural disease nurseries in Yichang and Enshi areas. From 2014 to 2016, the incidence of the disease in 2015 was generally higher than that in 2014 and 2016. The resistance of single gene lines K8, K10, K17, K18 and K25 to leaf blast and panicle blast was better in Yichang area, which indicated that the blast resistance genes Pikh,Piz5,Pish,Pi1,Pikm contained in K8, K10, K17, K18 and K18 were valuable in Yichang area, while the resistance of K8 and K18 was high in Enshi area. The results showed that the blast resistance genes Pikh and Pi1 had good utilization value in Enshi area. Rice varieties with these blast resistance genes could be planted in Enshi region. 24 rice single gene lines were used to identify the non-toxic genotypes of 300 blast monosporal strains in Enshi region from 2014 to 2016. The results showed that the virulence of Magnaporthe grisea strains from Enshi area was generally strong, 24 non-toxic genes appeared in three years, and the number of combinations with the highest frequency was the combination of 2 non-toxic genes, and the smaller the number of combinations, the stronger the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea strains. Among them, the frequency of Avr-Pikm,Avr-Pikh and Avr-Pi1 is the highest and stable, and the rice varieties with corresponding blast resistance genes Pikm,Pikh and Pi1 are suitable for popularization and application in Enshi area of Hubei Province. The blast resistance genotypic derivation of 60 main rice varieties in Hubei Province was carried out by using 16 standard strains of Magnaporthe grisea. It was found that only Keyou 21 and Pi19 had the same type of resistance to blast, and it was confirmed that only one blast resistance gene was contained in the tested rice varieties. In addition, 35 varieties were able to determine and deduce the possible resistance genes. Through cluster analysis of vaccination results, 60 rice varieties were divided into 12 categories. The blast resistance of the main rice varieties in Hubei Province was evaluated in 2014-2016 in Yichang and Enshi regions. The resistance of rice varieties to blast was evaluated in 2014-2016 in Yichang and Enshi regions, where the resistance to blast was the same in one or more of the same rice varieties. In Yichang area, 314 main rice varieties were identified in Hubei Province. Among them, there were 123 varieties resistant to (R) or middle resistance to leaf blast and panicle blast, of which C Liangyou Hua Zhan, D you 202, and Zeng Kang No. 1. Chuankang 993 and Jinkeyou 651 and other 18 varieties were identified for 2 ~ 3 years, and the resistance was stable, so they were the most ideal resistant materials. 143 main rice varieties were identified in Enshi area. 41 varieties with high resistance to (HR), resistance to (R) or middle resistance to (MR) were identified to leaf blast and panicle blast, Mian 5 you 142, Quanfeng 2155, The resistance of 22 varieties, such as Quanyou 5138, was identified in the field for more than 2 years in Enshi disease nursery, and the resistance was relatively stable, which could be popularized and planted in Enshi area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S435.111.41

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