【摘要】：刈割(Mowing)是人類干擾和利用草地的方式之一,通過移除植物的地上部分,影響植物生長繁殖,進而對草地生產(chǎn)力、物種多樣性產(chǎn)生一定的影響,最終影響草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定。天然割草場(打草)是大針茅典型草原的一種利用方式,對維持草地家畜的生產(chǎn)發(fā)展,解決冬春飼草不足具有重要的作用,合理的刈割利用對促進草地健康和可持續(xù)發(fā)展有積極的作用。本研究設(shè)計不同刈割時間(8月1日刈割、8月16日刈割和8月31日刈割)和刈割強度(留茬2cm、留茬5cm、留茬8cm和不刈割對照)兩因素隨機區(qū)組試驗,在分析草地群落特征、物種多樣性、草地牧草產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,探討大針茅草原的合理刈割方式,為割草場的合理利用提出依據(jù)。主要結(jié)果如下:1.刈割降低了草地群落和多年叢生禾草植物地上凈初級生產(chǎn)力(p0.05),但提高了多年生雜類草和一、二年生植物的凈初級生產(chǎn)力(p0.05)。隨著刈割時間的推后、刈割強度的增大,群落中禾草比例逐漸降低,雜類草比例逐漸增多。2.刈割提高了群落根冠比(p0.05),且隨刈割強度增大而增大,同時年降水較低時,更有助于這一趨勢增加。年降水較高年份,植物趨向于向地上權(quán)衡,而年降水較少時,植物向地下權(quán)衡,刈割強度的增加可以使植物由向地上權(quán)衡轉(zhuǎn)為向地下權(quán)衡。3.物種豐富度隨刈割強度的增大而增加(p0.05),短期刈割群落物種豐富度的提高得益于群落中一、二年生植物豐富度的增加。4.降水較多年份,牧草產(chǎn)量隨刈割時間推后而逐漸增多,降水較少年份則為相反的趨勢,牧草粗蛋白隨刈割時間的推后、刈割強度的增加而降低(p0.05)。綜合考慮短期刈割對草地生產(chǎn)力、物種多樣性、牧草產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,降水較多年份,割草時間在八月下旬為宜,降水較少年份刈割時間八月中旬較好,留茬高度為5-8 cm可以獲得兼顧牧草質(zhì)量和品質(zhì)的優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草,且對于草地的可持續(xù)發(fā)展有一定的促進作用。
[Abstract]:Mowing (Mowing) is one of the ways of human disturbance and utilization of grassland. By removing the aboveground parts of plants, affecting plant growth and reproduction, it has a certain effect on grassland productivity and species diversity, and finally affects the stability of grassland ecosystem. Natural mowing field is a kind of utilization mode of typical steppe of Stipa grandis. It plays an important role in maintaining the production and development of grassland livestock and solving the shortage of forage in winter and spring. Rational mowing and utilization play a positive role in promoting grassland health and sustainable development. In this study, two random block trials with different cutting time (1 August, 16 August and 31 August) and cutting intensity (stubble 2 cm, stubble 5 cm, stubble 8cm and no cutting control) were designed. The characteristics of grassland community were analyzed. On the basis of species diversity, grass yield and quality, the rational mowing methods of Stipa grandis grassland were discussed in order to provide the basis for the rational utilization of grassland. The main results are as follows: 1. Mowing reduced the net primary productivity (p0.05) of grassland communities and multi-year-old grass plants, but increased the net primary productivity of perennial hybrid grass and one-and two-year plants (p0.05). With the delay of cutting time and the increase of cutting intensity, the proportion of grasses in the community decreased gradually, and the proportion of mixed grasses gradually increased. 2. Cutting increased the ratio of root to shoot (p0.05), and increased with the increase of cutting intensity. At the same time, the annual precipitation was lower, which contributed to the increase of the trend. In the year with higher annual precipitation, plants tend to trade-off to the ground, but when the annual precipitation is less, the plant tradeoffs to the ground, and the increase of mowing intensity can make the plants change from the above-ground trade-off to the underground tradeoff. Species richness increased with the increase of mowing intensity (p0.05). The increase of species richness in short-term mowing communities was due to the increase of the richness of primary and biennial plants in the community. 4. In the years with more precipitation, the forage yield gradually increased with the delay of cutting time, while the trend was opposite in less precipitation years. The crude protein of forage decreased with the increase of cutting intensity (p0.05) with the delay of cutting time and the increase of cutting intensity (p0.05). The yield of forage decreased with the increase of cutting time (p0.05). Taking into account the effects of short-term mowing on grassland productivity, species diversity, forage yield and quality, it was found that the best mowing time was in late August and in the middle of August in the year with more precipitation, and the cutting time in the middle of August was better in the year with less precipitation than that in mid-August. The stubble height of 5 ~ 8 cm can obtain high quality forage with both quality and quality, and it can promote the sustainable development of grassland to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812

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