荒漠中芽孢細(xì)菌的分離及其對(duì)三種植物病原菌抑制效果的分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-04-11 10:47
【摘要】:馬鈴薯晚疫病、亞麻枯萎病和向日葵菌核病的泛濫,給相關(guān)作物生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的損失。施用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥是這些病原菌的主要防治方式。但近年來(lái),大量化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的使用已經(jīng)造成了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染,并極大的威脅到了人類(lèi)的健康。與化學(xué)農(nóng)藥防治相比,生物防治具有無(wú)污染和成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為了目前最具潛力的植物病害防治手段,具有極大的應(yīng)用前景。而芽孢細(xì)菌是生防菌中最常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)群,其篩選則是生物防治的基礎(chǔ)與關(guān)鍵。本研究采集了內(nèi)蒙古西部荒漠地區(qū)植物根圍土樣品,使用95 ℃水浴對(duì)芽孢細(xì)菌進(jìn)行選擇性的篩選;經(jīng)涂布劃線分離獲得純培養(yǎng)菌株后,基于16SrDNA序列,通過(guò)以EZ-BioCloud比對(duì)進(jìn)行初步分類(lèi)鑒定;通過(guò)平板對(duì)峙實(shí)驗(yàn)初步篩選篩選可以抑制馬鈴薯晚疫病、亞麻枯萎病和向日葵菌核病病原菌的芽孢細(xì)菌并驗(yàn)證其抑菌效果;對(duì)抑制效果較好的菌株進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的植物組織離體實(shí)驗(yàn),并分析其固氮、溶無(wú)機(jī)磷、溶有機(jī)磷、生產(chǎn)鐵載體和生產(chǎn)植物激素IAA等植物促生特性。本研究的主要結(jié)果和結(jié)論如下:1.荒漠中芽孢細(xì)菌的類(lèi)群:本研究共獲得98株芽孢細(xì)菌,劃分為3個(gè)屬,分別為Bacillus、Paenibacillus和Brevibacillus。其中,屬于Bacillus的共有81株、占總菌數(shù)的82%;它們分別與30個(gè)不同模式種近緣,具有較高的多樣性。2.生物防治效果:平板對(duì)峙實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,可以抑制馬鈴薯晚疫病、亞麻枯萎病和向日葵菌核病病原菌的共有13株芽孢細(xì)菌;其中,9株屬于Bacilus、3株屬于Paenibacillus,1株屬于 Brevibacillus;菌株 RO0611(近緣種為Bacillusmojavensis)和1301(近緣種為Paenibacilluspolymyxa)對(duì)馬鈴薯晚疫病病原菌致病疫霉的抑制效果最好、抑菌率高達(dá)91.31%和84.10%,而對(duì)另外兩種病原菌抑制效果略差,RO0611對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌的抑菌率僅為16.85%,1301抑菌對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌無(wú)抑菌效果,RO0611與1301對(duì)核盤(pán)菌均無(wú)抑菌效果;Paenibacilluspeoriae近緣種4102、bai菌株針對(duì)三種病原菌均有良好的抑制效果。植物實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,菌株RO0611、1301和1601(近緣種為Brevibacillus formosus)在離體葉片實(shí)驗(yàn)及離體塊莖實(shí)驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)較為良好,離體葉片實(shí)驗(yàn)抑菌率分別為56.67%、86.67%和73.33%。3.植物促生特性:植物促生特性分析表明,生防效果良好的5株芽孢細(xì)菌均具有固氮、溶解無(wú)機(jī)磷(磷酸鈣)、鐵載體生產(chǎn)及生產(chǎn)IAA的能力,而5株芽孢細(xì)菌均無(wú)法溶解有機(jī)磷(植酸鈣);其中,Paenibacilus屬的4102、bai、1301菌株溶解無(wú)機(jī)磷能力較強(qiáng),Bacillus屬的RO0611菌株產(chǎn)鐵載體能力較強(qiáng)。綜上,荒漠土壤中芽孢細(xì)菌具有較高的多樣性,其中多數(shù)為芽孢桿菌;它們中的一些菌株具有較好的抑制馬鈴薯晚疫病、亞麻枯萎病和向日葵菌核病病原菌的能力,并且還具有較好的植物促生特性(固氮和溶磷等),為馬鈴薯晚疫病、亞麻枯萎病和向日葵菌核病生物防治以及促進(jìn)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Potato late blight, flax Fusarium wilt and sunflower sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused serious losses to the production of related crops. The application of chemical pesticides is the main control method of these pathogens. However, in recent years, the use of a large number of chemical pesticides has caused serious environmental pollution and a great threat to human health. Compared with chemical pesticide control, biological control has the advantages of non-pollution and low cost. It has become the most potential means of plant disease control and has great application prospects. Spore bacteria is the most common group of biocontrol bacteria, and its screening is the basis and key of biological control. In this study, the samples of plant root-surrounding soil in the desert area of western Inner Mongolia were selected and selected by using 95 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2456347
[Abstract]:Potato late blight, flax Fusarium wilt and sunflower sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused serious losses to the production of related crops. The application of chemical pesticides is the main control method of these pathogens. However, in recent years, the use of a large number of chemical pesticides has caused serious environmental pollution and a great threat to human health. Compared with chemical pesticide control, biological control has the advantages of non-pollution and low cost. It has become the most potential means of plant disease control and has great application prospects. Spore bacteria is the most common group of biocontrol bacteria, and its screening is the basis and key of biological control. In this study, the samples of plant root-surrounding soil in the desert area of western Inner Mongolia were selected and selected by using 95 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2456347
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