向日葵黑莖病病菌鑒定及種質(zhì)資源抗性篩選
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-19 20:16
【摘要】：向日葵黑莖病是一種國內(nèi)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的病害,造成產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p失,已成為阻礙向日葵產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素之一。本研究對部分向日葵主產(chǎn)區(qū)采集到的病原菌進(jìn)行了分離和鑒定。同時對病原菌生物學(xué)特性和菌株的致病力以及向日葵種質(zhì)資源的抗性進(jìn)行了分析研究,為進(jìn)一步開展向日葵抗黑莖病的育種提供依據(jù)。本論文主要研究結(jié)論如下:1.從吉林、內(nèi)蒙古、新疆、河北向日葵黑莖病發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的地塊采集有典型癥狀的34個病株進(jìn)行了病原物分離,通過組織分離法獲得18個菌株。分離和鑒定結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)鑒定引起吉林、內(nèi)蒙古、新疆、河北地區(qū)的18個向日葵菌株的生物學(xué)特性與致病性,該菌為麥?zhǔn)锨o點(diǎn)霉(Phoma macdonalddii Boerema)。2.致病性研究表明:YS04、HJB、ZJK-2,BC202致病力相對較強(qiáng),癥狀表現(xiàn)為侵染快、發(fā)病早、莖稈黑色病斑癥狀嚴(yán)重;88-1k、WLH3、ZJK-9致病力相對較弱,癥狀表現(xiàn)為發(fā)病較晚,莖稈黑色病斑癥狀較輕;ZJK-10、ZJK-8、88-5h、BJ2、88-2h、HJC、JBL4、ZJK-12、ZJK-5、WZ15 和 BC202 致病力弱,侵染慢,發(fā)病遲緩,莖稈黑色病斑癥狀輕。3.不同向日葵種質(zhì)資源抗性研究表明:本試驗(yàn)中所篩選的不同向日葵種質(zhì)資源中132083、132088、131023三個向日葵材料的抗性接近抗病對照品種(JK103),其余的48個供試材料及非抗對照品種LD5009屬于易感的向日葵種質(zhì)資源。4.通過比較52個供試向日葵種質(zhì)資源的防御酶活性發(fā)現(xiàn),抗性不同的向口葵種質(zhì)資源間,其防御酶活性的變化趨勢存在差異。其中供試向日葵材料132083、132088、131023的防御性酶活性接近于抗病對照品種(JK103),其余供試材料的POD、SOD、CAT的相對含量均低于感病對照品種(LD5009),發(fā)病病斑癥狀都比感病對照品種LD5009要大且嚴(yán)重。因此,這些材料是比感病對照品種(LD5009)更感的材料。即:132083、132088、131023三個向日葵材料的抗性接近抗病對照品種(JK103),其余的供試材料都屬于高感的向日葵種質(zhì)資源。研究結(jié)果表明,防御酶抗性鑒定的結(jié)果和病斑鑒定的趨勢是一致的,因而防御酶活性測定可以用于向日葵抗黑莖病材料的篩選。
[Abstract]:Sunflower black stem disease is a newly discovered disease in China, which results in serious loss of yield and quality, and has become one of the key factors hindering the development of sunflower industry. In this study, the pathogenic bacteria collected from the main producing areas of sunflower were isolated and identified. At the same time, the biological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenicity of strains and resistance of sunflower germplasm resources were analyzed and studied in order to provide basis for further breeding of sunflower resistance to black stem disease. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Pathogens were isolated from 34 plants with typical symptoms of sunflower black stem disease in Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Hebei Province, and 18 strains were obtained by tissue isolation. The results of isolation and identification showed that the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of 18 sunflower strains from Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Hebei were identified as (Phoma macdonalddii Boerema). 2. The pathogenicity study showed that the pathogenicity of YS04,HJB,ZJK-2,BC202 was relatively strong, and the symptoms were rapid infection, early onset and severe black lesion of stem. 88 kg, WLH 3, ZJKK 9 had relatively weak pathogenicity, the symptoms were late onset and stem black spot symptom was milder than that of WLH 3 and ZJK 9. The pathogenicity of WLH 3 and ZJK 9 was relatively weak. The pathogenicity of ZJK-10,ZJK-8,88-5h,BJ2,88-2h,HJC,JBL4,ZJK-12,ZJK-5,WZ15 and BC202 is weak, the infection is slow, the disease is slow, the symptom of black spot of stem is light. 3. The study on the resistance of different sunflower germplasm resources showed that the resistance of 132083, 132088, 131023 were similar to the resistant control variety (JK103), and the resistance of different sunflower germplasm resources was 132083, 132088 and 131023 respectively, and the resistance of them was similar to that of the resistant control variety (JK103). The remaining 48 tested materials and non-resistant control variety LD5009 belong to susceptible sunflower germplasm. 4. By comparing the defensive enzyme activity of 52 tested sunflower germplasm resources, it was found that the change trend of defensive enzyme activity was different among different resistant sunflower germplasm resources. The defensive enzyme activities of the tested sunflower materials 132083, 132088 and 131023 were similar to those of the resistant control variety (JK103), and the relative content of POD,SOD,CAT in the other materials was lower than that of the susceptible control variety (LD5009). The symptom of disease spot was bigger and more serious than that of susceptible control variety LD5009. Therefore, these materials are more susceptible than susceptible control varieties (LD5009). The resistance of three sunflower materials (132083, 132088, 131023) was close to the resistant control variety (JK103), and the others belonged to the high susceptible germplasm resources of sunflower. The results showed that the results of resistance identification of defensive enzymes were consistent with the trend of spot identification, so the assay of defensive enzyme activity could be used to screen sunflower resistant materials to black stem disease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.65
[Abstract]:Sunflower black stem disease is a newly discovered disease in China, which results in serious loss of yield and quality, and has become one of the key factors hindering the development of sunflower industry. In this study, the pathogenic bacteria collected from the main producing areas of sunflower were isolated and identified. At the same time, the biological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenicity of strains and resistance of sunflower germplasm resources were analyzed and studied in order to provide basis for further breeding of sunflower resistance to black stem disease. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Pathogens were isolated from 34 plants with typical symptoms of sunflower black stem disease in Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Hebei Province, and 18 strains were obtained by tissue isolation. The results of isolation and identification showed that the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of 18 sunflower strains from Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Hebei were identified as (Phoma macdonalddii Boerema). 2. The pathogenicity study showed that the pathogenicity of YS04,HJB,ZJK-2,BC202 was relatively strong, and the symptoms were rapid infection, early onset and severe black lesion of stem. 88 kg, WLH 3, ZJKK 9 had relatively weak pathogenicity, the symptoms were late onset and stem black spot symptom was milder than that of WLH 3 and ZJK 9. The pathogenicity of WLH 3 and ZJK 9 was relatively weak. The pathogenicity of ZJK-10,ZJK-8,88-5h,BJ2,88-2h,HJC,JBL4,ZJK-12,ZJK-5,WZ15 and BC202 is weak, the infection is slow, the disease is slow, the symptom of black spot of stem is light. 3. The study on the resistance of different sunflower germplasm resources showed that the resistance of 132083, 132088, 131023 were similar to the resistant control variety (JK103), and the resistance of different sunflower germplasm resources was 132083, 132088 and 131023 respectively, and the resistance of them was similar to that of the resistant control variety (JK103). The remaining 48 tested materials and non-resistant control variety LD5009 belong to susceptible sunflower germplasm. 4. By comparing the defensive enzyme activity of 52 tested sunflower germplasm resources, it was found that the change trend of defensive enzyme activity was different among different resistant sunflower germplasm resources. The defensive enzyme activities of the tested sunflower materials 132083, 132088 and 131023 were similar to those of the resistant control variety (JK103), and the relative content of POD,SOD,CAT in the other materials was lower than that of the susceptible control variety (LD5009). The symptom of disease spot was bigger and more serious than that of susceptible control variety LD5009. Therefore, these materials are more susceptible than susceptible control varieties (LD5009). The resistance of three sunflower materials (132083, 132088, 131023) was close to the resistant control variety (JK103), and the others belonged to the high susceptible germplasm resources of sunflower. The results showed that the results of resistance identification of defensive enzymes were consistent with the trend of spot identification, so the assay of defensive enzyme activity could be used to screen sunflower resistant materials to black stem disease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.65
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