【摘要】：植物角質(zhì)膜位于植物最外層,能防止植物體內(nèi)水分和養(yǎng)分的流失、調(diào)節(jié)植物體內(nèi)外氣體交換和阻止外界污染物進(jìn)入植物體內(nèi)等�？傊参锝琴|(zhì)膜對植物有很重要的保護(hù)作用。但是由于植物角質(zhì)膜的存在,當(dāng)對作物噴施葉面肥、殺蟲劑、除草劑等的時(shí)候,植物角質(zhì)膜使植物對它們吸收效率大大降低。那么如何解決這一問題呢?植物表面活性劑能夠改變植物角質(zhì)膜的滲透性能,增加植物對植物保護(hù)劑、葉面肥和生長調(diào)節(jié)劑的吸收率。本研究選擇三種農(nóng)藥助劑,對其在植物角質(zhì)膜上的滲透吸收作用進(jìn)行了研究,其目的就是全面掌握農(nóng)藥助劑在植物角質(zhì)膜上滲透吸收作用,為進(jìn)一步篩選和研發(fā)高效農(nóng)藥助劑新種類提供理論基礎(chǔ)。本文通過農(nóng)藥助劑與拌種劑混合拌種的實(shí)驗(yàn),探討所選擇的幾種助劑對小麥種子發(fā)芽的影響,并篩選出能提高拌種劑處理的小麥發(fā)芽率的農(nóng)藥助劑的種類及最佳使用濃度,解決處理拌種劑對小麥發(fā)芽存在影響的問題;通過幾種助劑在活體小麥和離體角質(zhì)膜上的滲透實(shí)驗(yàn),分析助劑在植物表面的滲透吸收過程,探討提取和測定方法,了解農(nóng)藥助劑噴施后在植物表面的滲透量隨時(shí)間和濃度的變化趨勢。通過本研究得出以下結(jié)果:(1)所選用的幾種農(nóng)藥助劑對用井崗霉素·枯草芽孢桿菌和吡蟲啉兩種農(nóng)藥混合拌種的小麥發(fā)芽有促進(jìn)作用,其中DBS、DES和TBP對小麥的發(fā)芽均有促進(jìn)作用。濃度為40mg/L的DES在對小麥的發(fā)芽勢和發(fā)芽率均達(dá)到了最好的促進(jìn)效果,此時(shí)的發(fā)芽勢為66%,發(fā)芽率為89%。(2)農(nóng)藥助劑DES和TBP的測定采用氣相色譜法,色譜條件:DB-5ht型毛細(xì)管色譜柱(30m×0.1μm×0.32mm),FID檢測器,DES氣化室溫度306℃,檢測器溫度320℃,柱流量2.00ml/min;TBP氣化室溫度300℃,檢測器溫度310℃,柱流量1.00ml/min,兩者都采用分流進(jìn)樣,分流比20,進(jìn)樣體積1.0μL,均為程序性升溫。從植物樣本中分離提取助劑DES和TBP選擇正己烷作為溶劑,采用超聲輔助萃取提取法效果較好:超聲時(shí)間15min,超聲溫度25℃,無水硫酸鈉除水。(3)在小麥葉片,不同濃度的TBP在24h時(shí)滲透量最大,隨時(shí)間延長TBP滲透量逐漸減小;不同時(shí)間農(nóng)藥助劑的滲透量隨濃度增加逐漸增大;在離體角質(zhì)膜上TBP和DES均在72h時(shí)滲透量達(dá)到最大;隨助劑濃度的增大,不同時(shí)間的助劑滲透量變化為逐漸升高。以上研究結(jié)果可為進(jìn)一步研究農(nóng)藥助劑的滲透作用機(jī)理及新型助劑的研發(fā)提供依據(jù),同時(shí)可為農(nóng)藥助劑的提取和測定方法的進(jìn)一步研究提供參考,為農(nóng)藥的高效利用奠定一定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The horny membrane is located in the outermost layer of the plant, which can prevent the loss of water and nutrients in the plant, regulate the gas exchange inside and outside the plant, and prevent the external pollutants from entering the plant and so on. In a word, the horny membrane of plants plays an important role in the protection of plants. However, due to the existence of plant keratinocytes, when foliar fertilizer, insecticides, herbicides and so on were sprayed on crops, the absorption efficiency of plant to them was greatly reduced by plant keratinocytes. So how do we solve this problem? Plant surfactants can change the permeability of plant keratin membranes and increase plant absorptivity to plant protectants leaf fertilizers and growth regulators. In this study, three kinds of pesticide auxiliaries were selected to study the osmosis and absorption of pesticide auxiliaries on plant keratinocytes. The purpose of this study was to master the permeation and absorption of pesticide auxiliaries on plant keratinocytes in an all-round way. It provides a theoretical basis for the further screening and development of new kinds of high-efficiency pesticide auxiliaries. In this paper, the effects of selected auxiliaries on the germination of wheat seeds were discussed through the experiment of mixing pesticide and seed dressing agents, and the kinds and optimum concentration of pesticide auxiliaries which could improve the germination rate of wheat seeds treated with seed dressing agents were screened, and the effects of these additives on the germination of wheat seeds were studied. To solve the problem of the effect of seed dressing on wheat germination; The permeation process of several auxiliaries on the surface of wheat and keratinocytes in vitro was analyzed and the extraction and determination methods were discussed by means of the permeation experiments of several auxiliaries on wheat in vivo and on the keratinocytes in vitro. To understand the change trend of penetration amount on plant surface with time and concentration after spraying pesticide additives. The results are as follows: (1) the selected pesticide auxiliaries can promote the germination of wheat seeds mixed with Bacillus subtilis and imidacloprid, in which DBS, Both DES and TBP promoted the germination of wheat. DES with the concentration of 40mg/L had the best promoting effect on the germination potential and percentage of wheat, the germination potential was 66% and the germination rate was 89%. (2) the determination of DES and TBP was carried out by gas chromatography. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: DB- 5htcapillary column (30 m 脳 0.1 渭 m 脳 0.32mm), FID), DES chamber temperature 306 鈩，

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