日本鰻鱺人工催產(chǎn)時機的優(yōu)化及仔魚行為和開口餌料的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-27 19:32
【摘要】：日本鰻鱺(Anguilla japonica)又稱鰻鱺,是一種典型的降海產(chǎn)卵性魚類,在東亞水產(chǎn)貿(mào)易中占據(jù)重要地位。本文根據(jù)國內(nèi)外鰻鱺人工繁殖研究的成果和進展,結(jié)合鰻鱺仔魚的培育技術(shù),進行了鰻鱺人工繁殖的優(yōu)化以及仔魚開口餌料和行為形態(tài)特征等方面的研究。通過探卵將鰻鱺雌魚的卵細胞最后成熟階段劃分為多個時相,旨在找到雌魚注射啟動針和催產(chǎn)針的最佳時機,以誘導親魚成功排卵;通過顯微觀察、視頻記錄等方式,觀察描述鰻鱺早期仔魚的形態(tài)特征和行為特征;通過設(shè)置不同開口餌料類別,比較分析了不同餌料對鰻鱺仔魚存活情況的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.為解決鰻鱺的人工繁殖中普遍存在的親魚難產(chǎn)、排卵率不高以及卵子質(zhì)量低等現(xiàn)象,本實驗研究了卵細胞發(fā)育過程中脂滴的數(shù)量與大小的改變,確定卵細胞的發(fā)育時相,研究其與鰻鱺雌魚排卵與受精之間的關(guān)系,以此推斷注射排卵啟動針和催產(chǎn)針的最佳時機。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):隨著卵細胞的成熟,卵徑變大,脂滴融合、數(shù)量減少且直徑變大;根據(jù)脂滴的大小與數(shù)目,可將鰻鱺的卵細胞分為11時相。進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當卵細胞處于第2~4時相時,注射啟動針;然后在第5~6時相時,注射催產(chǎn)針,能順利促進鰻鱺產(chǎn)卵,且卵細胞能有效受精;而難產(chǎn)的鰻鱺雌魚卵巢中的卵細胞所處階段變化很大,且脂滴分散。結(jié)果表明,根據(jù)脂滴的數(shù)目與直徑劃分卵細胞的成熟階段能準確判斷卵細胞成熟狀況,選擇合適的卵細胞成熟時間注射啟動針和催產(chǎn)針,能有效提高鰻鱺卵細胞的質(zhì)量,并促使其順利排卵。2.為探究鰻鱺仔魚的行為和形態(tài)特征,本實驗通過顯微觀察和視頻記錄的方式,發(fā)現(xiàn)仔魚在6dph(孵化后天數(shù),days post hatching)眼睛開始著色,牙齒雛形顯現(xiàn);9dph仔魚牙齒尖銳鋒利,表面光滑平順,無特殊構(gòu)造;仔魚腸道有食物,并觀察到仔魚的攝食方式為觸碰后咬食;仔魚在6dph之前,呈豆芽狀懸浮在水的上層,7dph開始下沉,之后主要在水的中下層活動;仔魚運動無規(guī)律,表現(xiàn)出避光性,游動敏捷;在9~10dph,觀察到仔魚的畸形現(xiàn)象。3.為探究鰻鱺仔魚適宜的開口餌料,本實驗研究了不同餌料對鰻鱺仔魚存活率的影響。結(jié)果顯示,與對照組(不投餌)相比,投喂以鯊魚卵、磷蝦提取液為基礎(chǔ)的餌料和以鯊魚卵、海蜇勻漿液為基礎(chǔ)的餌料以及微綠球藻液均提高了鰻鱺仔魚的存活率;而投喂以鯊魚卵、鹵蟲勻漿液為基礎(chǔ)的餌料和以鹵蟲勻漿液、磷蝦提取液為基礎(chǔ)的餌料,以及輪蟲、海帶+龍須菜勻漿液或海蜇以及發(fā)酵鯊魚肉,均降低鰻鱺仔魚的存活率。投喂以鯊魚卵、磷蝦提取液為基礎(chǔ)的餌料,仔魚最長存活時間達20天�？傊�,在鰻鱺的人工繁殖過程中,需要把握親魚的最佳催熟催產(chǎn)時機,以提高排卵率和卵質(zhì);在早期仔魚個體發(fā)育以及人工培育中,需要嚴格控制水質(zhì),合理調(diào)節(jié)光照、水溫、鹽度等因子,以提高仔魚的存活率。另外,在本研究中,鰻鱺仔魚的適宜開口餌料還需進一步地深入探究,仔魚的培育技術(shù)也有待完善。
[Abstract]:Anguilla japonica, also known as" Anguilla japonica ", is a typical sea-laying egg-laying fish, which plays an important role in the East Asian aquatic trade. In this paper, based on the results and progress of the study on the artificial propagation of the young fish in China and abroad, the optimization of the artificial propagation of the larvae and the characteristics of the open bait and the behavior of the young fish are studied in this paper. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing the final mature stage of the egg cell of the sturgeon and the female fish into a plurality of time phases by detecting the egg, and aiming at finding the best time of the female fish to inject the starting needle and the inducing needle, so as to induce the successful ovulation of the pro-fish; and through microscopic observation, video recording and the like, The morphological characteristics and behavior characteristics of the early young fish were observed, and the effect of different bait on the survival of the young fish was compared. The main results are as follows: 1. In order to solve the phenomena of difficult production, high ovulatory rate and low egg quality in the artificial propagation of the egg cell, the change of the number and size of the lipid droplets during the development of the egg cell is studied, and the development time phase of the egg cell is determined. The relationship between the ovulatory and fertilization of the female and female fish was studied. The results showed that, with the maturation of the egg cell, the diameter of the egg was large, the lipid droplets were fused, the number was decreased, and the diameter was large; according to the size and the number of the lipid droplets, the egg cells of the baboon can be divided into 11 phases. Further research has shown that when the egg cell is in the second to fourth phase, the injection start needle is injected, and then, when the egg cell is in the 5-6 phase, the injection-promoting needle can smoothly promote the egg-laying of the egg cell, and the egg cell can be effectively fertilized; and the phase of the egg cell in the difficult-to-produce female fish ovary is greatly changed, and the lipid droplets are dispersed. The results show that, according to the number and diameter of the lipid droplets, the mature phase of the egg cell can be accurately determined, the appropriate mature time of the egg cell is selected to be injected into the needle and the needle-making needle, and the quality of the egg cell can be effectively improved, and the ovulation is facilitated. In order to study the behavior and morphological characteristics of the young fish, this experiment was carried out by means of microscopic observation and video recording, and found that the young fish began to be colored at 6dph (days after hatching, days post hatching), and the shape of the teeth appeared; the teeth of the 9dph were sharp and sharp, and the surface was smooth and smooth without special structure; The food was found in the intestinal tract of the larvae, and the food consumption of the larvae was observed to be the bite after the touch. The larvae were suspended in the upper layer of the water before 6dph, and the 7dph began to sink, and then mainly in the middle and lower layers of the water; the movement of the larvae of the larvae was irregular, showing the light and the agility; and at 9-10dph, Malformation of the young fish was observed. The effects of different diets on the survival rate of juvenile fish were studied in this paper. The results showed that, compared with the control group (no bait), the bait with the shark egg and the krill extract as the base and the bait with the shark's egg and the sea level homogenate as the base, and the micro-chlorococcus pluvialis liquid both improved the survival rate of the larvae of the larvae, and were fed with the shark's eggs. The bait which is based on the mixed slurry of the artemia, the baits based on the extract of the krill and the extract of the krill, as well as the rotifers, the kelp + long-beard vegetable homogenate or the sea water and the fermented shark fish, all reduce the survival rate of the larvae of the herring. The bait was fed with shark egg and krill extract, and the longest survival time of the larvae was 20 days. In conclusion, in the process of artificial propagation of young fish, it is necessary to grasp the best ripening time of the pro-fish to improve the ovulation rate and the egg quality; in the individual development of the early larvae and the artificial cultivation, it is necessary to strictly control the water quality, reasonably adjust the factors such as illumination, water temperature, salinity and the like, so as to improve the survival rate of the larvae. In addition, in this study, it is necessary to further explore the suitable open bait of the larvae of the paparazzi, and the breeding technology of the larvae of the larvae is still to be improved.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4
本文編號：2416619
[Abstract]:Anguilla japonica, also known as" Anguilla japonica ", is a typical sea-laying egg-laying fish, which plays an important role in the East Asian aquatic trade. In this paper, based on the results and progress of the study on the artificial propagation of the young fish in China and abroad, the optimization of the artificial propagation of the larvae and the characteristics of the open bait and the behavior of the young fish are studied in this paper. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing the final mature stage of the egg cell of the sturgeon and the female fish into a plurality of time phases by detecting the egg, and aiming at finding the best time of the female fish to inject the starting needle and the inducing needle, so as to induce the successful ovulation of the pro-fish; and through microscopic observation, video recording and the like, The morphological characteristics and behavior characteristics of the early young fish were observed, and the effect of different bait on the survival of the young fish was compared. The main results are as follows: 1. In order to solve the phenomena of difficult production, high ovulatory rate and low egg quality in the artificial propagation of the egg cell, the change of the number and size of the lipid droplets during the development of the egg cell is studied, and the development time phase of the egg cell is determined. The relationship between the ovulatory and fertilization of the female and female fish was studied. The results showed that, with the maturation of the egg cell, the diameter of the egg was large, the lipid droplets were fused, the number was decreased, and the diameter was large; according to the size and the number of the lipid droplets, the egg cells of the baboon can be divided into 11 phases. Further research has shown that when the egg cell is in the second to fourth phase, the injection start needle is injected, and then, when the egg cell is in the 5-6 phase, the injection-promoting needle can smoothly promote the egg-laying of the egg cell, and the egg cell can be effectively fertilized; and the phase of the egg cell in the difficult-to-produce female fish ovary is greatly changed, and the lipid droplets are dispersed. The results show that, according to the number and diameter of the lipid droplets, the mature phase of the egg cell can be accurately determined, the appropriate mature time of the egg cell is selected to be injected into the needle and the needle-making needle, and the quality of the egg cell can be effectively improved, and the ovulation is facilitated. In order to study the behavior and morphological characteristics of the young fish, this experiment was carried out by means of microscopic observation and video recording, and found that the young fish began to be colored at 6dph (days after hatching, days post hatching), and the shape of the teeth appeared; the teeth of the 9dph were sharp and sharp, and the surface was smooth and smooth without special structure; The food was found in the intestinal tract of the larvae, and the food consumption of the larvae was observed to be the bite after the touch. The larvae were suspended in the upper layer of the water before 6dph, and the 7dph began to sink, and then mainly in the middle and lower layers of the water; the movement of the larvae of the larvae was irregular, showing the light and the agility; and at 9-10dph, Malformation of the young fish was observed. The effects of different diets on the survival rate of juvenile fish were studied in this paper. The results showed that, compared with the control group (no bait), the bait with the shark egg and the krill extract as the base and the bait with the shark's egg and the sea level homogenate as the base, and the micro-chlorococcus pluvialis liquid both improved the survival rate of the larvae of the larvae, and were fed with the shark's eggs. The bait which is based on the mixed slurry of the artemia, the baits based on the extract of the krill and the extract of the krill, as well as the rotifers, the kelp + long-beard vegetable homogenate or the sea water and the fermented shark fish, all reduce the survival rate of the larvae of the herring. The bait was fed with shark egg and krill extract, and the longest survival time of the larvae was 20 days. In conclusion, in the process of artificial propagation of young fish, it is necessary to grasp the best ripening time of the pro-fish to improve the ovulation rate and the egg quality; in the individual development of the early larvae and the artificial cultivation, it is necessary to strictly control the water quality, reasonably adjust the factors such as illumination, water temperature, salinity and the like, so as to improve the survival rate of the larvae. In addition, in this study, it is necessary to further explore the suitable open bait of the larvae of the paparazzi, and the breeding technology of the larvae of the larvae is still to be improved.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4
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