【摘要】：為了研究極低頻電磁場對油菜及油菜田節(jié)肢動物種群的生物學效應,分別設計了田間試驗和室內(nèi)試驗。在田間試驗中,將油菜持續(xù)暴露在四種不同強度(0kV/m,2kV/m,10kV/m和15kV/m)的極低頻電磁場下,在油菜三葉期之后每隔10天觀測油菜的農(nóng)藝性狀和主要節(jié)肢動物種群數(shù)量。觀測參數(shù)包括:株高、莖粗、葉片數(shù)、葉綠素、蚜蟲、潛葉蠅和蜘蛛。在油菜成熟時進行測產(chǎn),計算單株干物質(zhì)、千粒重和產(chǎn)量。在室內(nèi)試驗中,分別在油菜苗期、花期和結(jié)實期三個時期進行田間取樣,取油菜葉片檢測其生理指標。試驗參數(shù)包括:總蛋白、氨基酸、可溶性糖和四種酶(SOD、POD、CAT和GST)的活力。整個實驗歷時兩年,研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同強度電磁場對油菜農(nóng)藝性狀的影響10kV/m處理組連續(xù)兩年均能使油菜株高和莖粗增加;四種不同強度的極低頻電磁場對油菜的葉綠素和產(chǎn)量連續(xù)兩年無顯著影響;15kV/m處理組在第二年使油菜功能葉數(shù)量下降。2.不同強度電磁場對油菜不同時期營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的影響從整體上看極低頻電磁場的持續(xù)暴露對油菜可溶性糖的含量沒有影響;2kV/m、10kV/m處理組連續(xù)兩年使油菜總蛋白含量下降;10kV/m處理組在第一年使油菜氨基酸含量增加;15kV/m處理組在第二年使油菜氨基酸含量增加。3.不同強度電磁場對油菜不同時期四組保護性酶活力的影響從整體上看,極低頻電磁場對油菜四種酶的活力存在上升作用。在2015年,2kV/m暴露組在油菜苗期、花期和結(jié)莢期SOD活力均明顯提高。在2015年,10kV/m和15kV/m暴露組在油菜苗期使CAT活力提高。2kV/m暴露組在油菜花期和結(jié)莢期使POD活力顯著升高。在2015年,10kV/m和15kV/m暴露組在油結(jié)莢期GST活力提高,然而15kV/m暴露組在油菜花期使GST活力下降。4.不同強度電磁場對油菜田節(jié)肢動物種群的影響在一年的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),2kV/m處理組較對照蚜蟲種群數(shù)量少;10kV/m、15kV/m處理組較對照組潛葉蠅種群數(shù)量多;極低頻電磁場對油菜田蜘蛛種群數(shù)量無影響。這些結(jié)果表明極低頻電磁場在油菜上的作用可以從發(fā)芽到收獲整個階段影響油菜的農(nóng)藝性狀。在一定強度磁場的處理下,可以增加油菜的株高、莖粗,氨基酸含量和酶的活力;同時發(fā)現(xiàn)電磁場對其田間蚜蟲、潛葉蠅種群存在影響。通過這一結(jié)果可為建設全新農(nóng)業(yè)種植方式和害蟲綜合治理探索新思路,可以更加確切的理解磁場對植物組織影響的機制,為輸變電工程在電力輸送的選擇上提供有力的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In order to study the biological effects of very low frequency electromagnetic fields on arthropod populations in rape and rape fields, field and laboratory experiments were designed. In field trials, rape was continuously exposed to four very low frequency electromagnetic fields with different intensities (0 kV / m, 2 kV / m, 10 kV / m and 15kV/m). The agronomic characters and the number of major arthropods were observed every 10 days after the clover period of rapeseed. The observed parameters include plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll, aphid, leaf miner and spider. The dry matter per plant, 1000 grain weight and yield were calculated when rape matured. In the laboratory experiment, the physiological indexes of rape leaves were determined by field sampling at seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage respectively. The parameters include the activity of total protein, amino acid, soluble sugar and four enzymes (SOD,POD,CAT and GST). The results are as follows: 1. Effects of electromagnetic fields with different intensities on agronomic characters of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for two consecutive years, the plant height and stem diameter of rape were increased in 10kV/m treatment group, but the chlorophyll and yield of rape were not significantly affected by four kinds of very low frequency electromagnetic fields with different intensities for two consecutive years. The number of functional leaves of rape decreased by 2. 2 in 15kV/m treatment group in the second year. Effects of electromagnetic fields of different intensities on nutrients in different periods of rapeseed the continuous exposure of very low frequency electromagnetic fields had no effect on the content of soluble sugar in rapeseed on the whole the total protein content of rape decreased for two consecutive years in the treatment group of 2kV / m 10 kV / m. The amino acid content of rape was increased in the first year in 10kV/m treatment group, and increased in 15kV/m treatment group in the second year. Effects of electromagnetic fields of different intensities on the activities of four groups of protective enzymes in different periods of rape. On the whole, very low frequency electromagnetic fields had an increasing effect on the activity of four kinds of enzymes in rapeseed. In 2015, the activity of SOD in 2kV/m exposed group was significantly increased in seedling, flowering and pod-setting stages of rapeseed. In 2015, 10kV/m and 15kV/m increased the activity of CAT at seedling stage of rape, while 2kV/m exposed group increased the activity of POD at flowering stage and pod-setting stage of rapeseed. In 2015, the GST activity of 10kV/m and 15kV/m exposed group was increased during oil pod setting, while the GST activity of 15kV/m exposed group decreased 4. 4 in rapeseed flower stage. Effects of different electromagnetic fields on arthropod population in rapeseed field in a year's study, it was found that the number of aphids in the 2kV/m treatment group was less than that in the control group, and that in the 10 kV / m 15 kV / m treatment group was more than that in the control group. The very low frequency electromagnetic field had no effect on the population of spiders in rapeseed field. These results indicated that the effect of very low frequency electromagnetic field on rapeseed could affect the agronomic characters of rapeseed from germination to harvest. The plant height, stem diameter, amino acid content and enzyme activity of rape could be increased by the treatment of a certain intensity magnetic field, and the effect of electromagnetic field on field aphids and leaf miner populations was also found. Through this result, we can explore new ideas for the construction of new agricultural planting methods and integrated pest management, and can more accurately understand the mechanism of magnetic field affecting plant tissue. It provides a powerful reference basis for the selection of power transmission in power transmission and transformation projects.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.4

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