【摘要】：水稻作為我國主要糧食作物之一,其種植面積非常大,大約占糧食總種植面積的四分之一以上,并且產(chǎn)量占糧食總產(chǎn)量的一半左右,是單產(chǎn)和總產(chǎn)量都很高的糧食作物。因此抓好水稻的生產(chǎn)工作,對發(fā)展糧食生產(chǎn)的目標(biāo)具有舉足輕重的影響。我國水稻種植基本都是采用人工育秧、插秧、收獲的方式,但是這種種植方式勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,工作效率低,季節(jié)性強(qiáng)。因此,加快發(fā)展水稻生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化,不僅可以有效爭搶農(nóng)時(shí),減少自然災(zāi)害對作物帶來的損傷,增加作物的種植面積,還能夠提高水稻的產(chǎn)量,降低生產(chǎn)成本,減輕勞動(dòng)人民的負(fù)擔(dān)。同時(shí),推進(jìn)水稻主要產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化以及新的科技技術(shù)在水稻生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用、節(jié)約勞動(dòng)成本、提高生產(chǎn)效率和救災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力,是提高水稻生產(chǎn)能力、加快發(fā)展水稻生產(chǎn)的重要技術(shù)手段。本文首先分析了缽苗移栽相對毯狀苗移栽的優(yōu)點(diǎn),以及國內(nèi)外水稻移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的研究現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題。然后在課題組已研制的移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),在取長避短的原則下,針對其存在的問題(不完全齒輪在高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),移栽機(jī)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)較大),提出一種新的移栽機(jī)構(gòu)方案,即以完全齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)代替其不完全齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)完成缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的工作。通過閱讀文獻(xiàn),基于行星齒輪的工作原理,推導(dǎo)出復(fù)雜軌跡所需齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)公式,并以此編寫出一款齒輪設(shè)計(jì)軟件。利用齒輪設(shè)計(jì)軟件和三維建模軟件Pro/E對新方案中的齒輪進(jìn)行建模,并進(jìn)行齒輪嚙合試驗(yàn),確定出齒輪回轉(zhuǎn)中心。對移栽機(jī)構(gòu)秧夾進(jìn)行改進(jìn),增加推秧結(jié)構(gòu),與新方案移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的其余零件一起進(jìn)行裝配,將裝配模型導(dǎo)入到仿真軟件RecurDyn中。在RecurDyn中,借助虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù),對裝配模型添加適當(dāng)約束,進(jìn)行仿真分析。對仿真后軌跡進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,確定出最優(yōu)軌跡下齒輪參數(shù)。分析該齒輪參數(shù)下秧夾速度和齒輪受力情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)其滿足水稻移栽的農(nóng)藝要求。最后進(jìn)行新移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),利用3D打印技術(shù),制造出新型缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的各個(gè)零件,根據(jù)移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理,將各個(gè)零件進(jìn)行裝配。將試驗(yàn)儀器和材料都準(zhǔn)備完成后,借助高速攝像技術(shù),記錄下不同轉(zhuǎn)速缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的工作過程。借助高速攝像軟件對移栽軌跡和移栽效果進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)新方案缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的靜軌跡以及缽苗移栽效果都達(dá)到了預(yù)期效果,初步證明了新方案設(shè)計(jì)的可行性。
[Abstract]:Rice, as one of the main grain crops in China, has a very large planting area, accounting for more than 1/4 of the total grain area, and its yield accounts for about half of the total grain yield. It is a grain crop with high yield per unit and high yield. Therefore, the development of rice production has a decisive impact on the goal of grain production. The rice planting in China is based on artificial raising, transplanting and harvesting, but this planting method has the advantages of high labor intensity, low working efficiency and strong seasonality. Therefore, speeding up the development of rice production mechanization can not only reduce the damage caused by natural disasters to crops, but also increase the yield of rice and reduce the production cost. Lighten the burden on the working people. At the same time, to promote the mechanization of production in major rice production areas and the application of new scientific and technological technologies in rice production, to save labor costs, to improve production efficiency and to reduce disaster and reduce disaster is to increase rice production capacity. Accelerating the development of rice production is an important technical means. In this paper, the advantages of potted seedling transplanting relative to carpet seedling transplanting were analyzed, and the research status and existing problems of rice transplanting mechanism at home and abroad were analyzed. Then, on the basis of the transplanting mechanism that has been developed by the research group, the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Under the principle of taking the length to avoid the shortage, the existing problems (the vibration of the transplanting mechanism is bigger when the incomplete gear is running at high speed), A new scheme of transplanting mechanism is proposed, in which the complete gear structure is replaced by its incomplete gear structure to complete the transplanting mechanism of seedling. Based on the working principle of planetary gear, the formula of gear design for complex trajectory is deduced, and a gear design software is developed. Gear design software and 3D modeling software Pro/E are used to model the gear in the new scheme, and the gear meshing test is carried out to determine the center of gear rotation. In this paper, the transplanting mechanism was improved, and the structure of seedling pushing was added. The assembly model was imported into the simulation software RecurDyn by assembling with the other parts of the transplanting mechanism of the new scheme. In RecurDyn, with the help of virtual prototyping technology, appropriate constraints are added to the assembly model, and the simulation analysis is carried out. The gear parameters under the optimal trajectory are determined by optimizing the simulation trajectory. It was found that the speed of seedling clamping and the stress of gears under the gear parameters could meet the agronomic requirements of rice transplanting. Finally, the bench test of the new transplanting mechanism was carried out, and each part of the new transplanting mechanism was made by using 3D printing technology. According to the working principle of the transplanting mechanism, each part was assembled. After the test instruments and materials are prepared, the working process of transplanting mechanism of seedling with different rotating speed is recorded by means of high speed camera technology. By analyzing the transplanting track and transplanting effect with the help of high speed camera software, it is found that the static track of the transplanting mechanism of the new scheme and the transplanting effect of the potted seedling have achieved the expected effect, and the feasibility of the new scheme design has been preliminarily proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S223.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 葉秉良;劉安;俞高紅;駱春曉;;蔬菜缽苗移栽機(jī)取苗機(jī)構(gòu)人機(jī)交互參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期

2 俞高紅;陳志威;趙勻;孫良;葉秉良;;橢圓—不完全非圓齒輪行星系蔬菜缽苗取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的研究[J];機(jī)械工程學(xué)報(bào);2012年13期

3 俞高紅;劉炳華;趙勻;孫良;謝永良;;橢圓齒輪行星輪系蔬菜缽苗自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理分析[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2011年04期

4 沈亮;韓休海;耿志杰;;我國水稻插秧機(jī)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀[J];農(nóng)機(jī)使用與維修;2011年01期

5 毛征宇;劉中堅(jiān);;一種三次均勻B樣條曲線的軌跡規(guī)劃方法[J];中國機(jī)械工程;2010年21期

6 湯修映;侯書林;朱玉龍;陳伊哲;劉川;;油菜移栽機(jī)械化技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J];農(nóng)機(jī)化研究;2010年04期

7 李學(xué)藝;王釗;連小珉;曾慶良;;基于周期性延伸的三次B樣條閉曲線插值[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2009年12期

8 謝舒;藍(lán)峰;黎子明;蘇子昊;;水稻插秧機(jī)的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢[J];南方農(nóng)機(jī);2009年06期

9 路陽;;插秧機(jī)的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢[J];農(nóng)機(jī)化研究;2009年07期

10 李建橋;張國鳳;陳建能;趙勻;;缽苗有序移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的研究進(jìn)展及應(yīng)用展望[J];農(nóng)機(jī)化研究;2008年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 宮成宇;多功能缽苗移栽試驗(yàn)臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)研究[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

2 原新斌;頂出式水稻缽苗有序移栽機(jī)的改進(jìn)研究[D];浙江理工大學(xué);2011年

3 袁雄;偏心齒輪分插機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析及參數(shù)優(yōu)化[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號(hào)：2334860