本文關(guān)鍵詞：小麥秸稈焚燒對(duì)土壤環(huán)境的影響，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

小麥秸稈焚燒對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)積累和微生物活性的影響

Effect of wheat straw burning on soil organic matter accumulation and microbial activity

[1] [2] [3] [4]

TIAN Guo-cheng, SUN Lu, SHI Ming-xin, WU Fa-qi （1 College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; 2 Institute of Soil and Wat

[1]西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院,陜西楊凌712100; [2]西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所,陜西楊凌712100

文章摘要：【目的】焚燒作物秸稈是常見(jiàn)的處理農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物減少病蟲(chóng)害和增加土壤養(yǎng)分的方法。但秸稈焚燒污染大氣,妨礙農(nóng)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。前人對(duì)秸稈焚燒造成大氣污染已研究頗多,而對(duì)土壤環(huán)境所受影響的探究較少。本文選取焚燒不同小麥秸稈量的耕層土壤為研究對(duì)象,分析秸稈焚燒在短期內(nèi)對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)積累和土壤微生物活性的影響。【方法】利用田間試驗(yàn),設(shè)置對(duì)照（CK）、秸稈減量焚燒（0.24 kg/m^2,A1）、全量焚燒（0.48 kg/m^2,A2）和增量焚燒（0.72 kg/m^2,A3）4種處理。將秸稈均勻覆蓋在地表進(jìn)行焚燒,并對(duì)殘留較多的部分進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充焚燒,以確保秸稈焚燒完全。焚燒完成5 h后,待土壤溫度恢復(fù)正常,采集0—5 cm、5—10 cm、10—20 cm土壤樣品,分析各層次土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、含水量、微生物數(shù)量和土壤酶活性�！窘Y(jié)果】秸稈焚燒對(duì)0—5 cm土層的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、含水量、微生物數(shù)量及土壤酶活性影響顯著,各處理均表現(xiàn)出減少的趨勢(shì)。有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降了6.37%-19.47%,含水量減少22.15%-39.19%;細(xì)菌數(shù)量減少52.26%-75.25%,真菌減少45.21%-63.29%,放線(xiàn)菌減少46.87%-68.26%。蔗糖酶活性降低14.19%-30.75%,脲酶活性降低7.81%-25.48%,過(guò)氧化氫酶活性降低9.63%-39.53%,磷酸酶活性降低11.36%-40.44%;各處理與CK間大多呈顯著差異。5—20 cm土層中各指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著變化。焚燒處理各指標(biāo)的減少量均表現(xiàn)出A3〉A(chǔ)2〉A(chǔ)1的趨勢(shì),不同秸稈焚燒量之間大多差異顯著。相關(guān)性分析表明,秸稈焚燒量與有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、含水量、土壤微生物數(shù)量和酶活性之間呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。【結(jié)論】小麥秸稈焚燒在短期內(nèi)顯著降低了0—5 cm土層中的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和微生物活性,而對(duì)5—20 cm土層的土壤影響不顯著。小麥秸稈焚燒對(duì)土壤環(huán)境的影響強(qiáng)度隨秸稈量的增多而加大。焚燒量與有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、含水量、土壤微生物數(shù)量和酶活性之間呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系?

Abstr：【Objectives】Open burning of agricultural waste is practiced to clear the surface biomass from land,to control pests and diseases,and to return some nutrients. Emissions from field burning activities deteriorate local air quality and seriously impede agricultural development. Recently many studies had been conducted to assess air pollution caused by straw burning. However,data are relatively limited in change of soil physical and organic subsequent to straw burning. Topsoil of different straw burning quantity was collected to study the immediate effect of straw burning on content of soil organic matter and soil microbial activity. 【Methods】A field experiment wasestablished in June 2012. The experimental treatments included 4 levels of amount of burned wheat straw： no burning（ CK）,decrement group（ 0. 24 kg / m^2,A1）,normal group（ 0. 48 kg /m^2,A2） and increment group（ 0.72 kg / m^2,A3）. The wheat straw was put evenly over soil surface and then was burned,and the remained wheat straws were additionally burned in order to make straw burnt completely. After five hours,when soil temperature had returned to normal,soil samples were collected from 0-5,5-10 and 10-20 cm depth of soil in each treatment and analyzed through laboratory experiment. To elucidate the specific effect of burning wheat straw on soil environment,change of indicators,soil organic matter content,moisture content,microorganism quantity and enzyme activities in each layer of soil,were analyzed. 【Results】Burning wheat straw had significant influence on topsoil. The indicators of soil constituents were reduced with different degrees in different treatments. In the layer of0- 5 cm,the content of soil organic matter and moisture was reduced by 6. 37%- 19. 47%

文章關(guān)鍵詞：

Keyword：:straw burning soil organic matter content soil moisture soil enzyme activity microbial quantity

課題項(xiàng)目：“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐項(xiàng)目（2012BAD14B11）資助

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：小麥秸稈焚燒對(duì)土壤環(huán)境的影響，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。