【摘要】：百合具有顯著的經(jīng)濟價值、文化價值和藥用價值。本文以長白山區(qū)五種百合屬植物為試材開展研究。研究取得了以下結(jié)果:1.長白山區(qū)百合屬五種植物在物種水平上均具有較高的遺傳多樣性,其中垂花百合的遺傳多樣性測度Shannon’s信息指數(shù)I=0.4393,毛百合I=0.4371、輪葉百合I=0.3975、細葉百合I=0.3948,珠芽百合I=0.3037。居群水平的遺傳多樣性研究結(jié)果:輪葉百合居群水平上的遺傳多樣明顯低于物種水平,Shannon’s信息指數(shù)最高為0.2031,居群間遺傳分化極大,基因流微弱(Gst=0.5248,Nm*=0.4527)。居群間和居群內(nèi)的分化極為顯著(P0.0010),Mantel分析表明遺傳距離與水平地理距離具有顯著的正相關(guān)性(r=0.0182,P0.01),遺傳漂變是導(dǎo)致群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)變異的主要原因,而Φ值=0.581,表明輪葉百合居群以自交為優(yōu)勢,這種繁殖方式進一步加速了居群的分化,弱化了基因交流;毛百合居群水平上的遺傳多樣低于物種水平的遺傳多樣性,Shannon’s信息指數(shù)最高為0.3133,居群間遺傳分化極大,基因流雖弱但大于1(Gst=0.3053,Nm*=1.1379),可以抵制遺傳漂變對群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。居群間和居群內(nèi)的分化極為顯著(P0.0010),Mantel分析表明遺傳距離與水平地理距離沒有明顯的相關(guān)性(r=-.7002,P0.05),而Φ值=0.417,表明毛百合居群兼有自交和雜交,這種繁殖方式削弱了居群的分化。細葉百合、垂花百合及珠芽百合的自然資源較少,僅有一個居群,無法進行居群間的比較分析。2.以ITS2通用引物為條形碼完成了細葉百合的分子鑒定,同時我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)并使用3條ISSR引物(UBC807、UBC826、UBC866)實現(xiàn)了長白山區(qū)百合屬5種百合的物種鑒別。3.輪葉百合與毛百合蛋白質(zhì)含量低(分別為0.99%,0.44%,食用百合參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為6.7%),兩種百合水溶性碳水化合物含量較高(分別為69.65%和76.18%,食用百合參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為79.5%)。冷浸出物含量較高(分別為37.93%,32.36%,中國藥典要求≥18%),進一步利用HPLC法分析其藥用成分甾體皂苷類成分以及粗多糖組分,發(fā)現(xiàn):兩種百合的甾體皂苷類成分含量較高,并且輪葉百合的甾體皂苷類成分高于毛百合,但粗多糖組分含量均較低。綜上所述,細葉百合、垂花百合及珠芽百合在長白山區(qū)為稀缺自然資源,應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)的保護措施;輪葉百合及毛百合均有一定的藥用開發(fā)價值,其種質(zhì)資源的保護意義明顯。
[Abstract]:Lily has remarkable economic value, cultural value and medicinal value. In this paper, five species of Lilium in Changbai Mountain area were used as experimental materials. The results of the study are as follows: 1: 1. The five species of Lilium in Changbai Mountain area all have high genetic diversity at species level. The genetic diversity measure of Lilium lilium is I ~ (0.4393), I ~ (0.3771), I _ (0.3975), I _ (0.3948), I _ (0.303737). The genetic diversity at population level was significantly lower than that at species level. The highest information index of Shannons was 0.2031. The genetic differentiation between populations was great and the gene flow was weak (Gst=0.5248,Nm*=0.4527). Mantel analysis showed that genetic distance was positively correlated with horizontal geographic distance (r = 0.0182, P0.01), and genetic drift was the main cause of genetic variation. The 桅 value of 0.581indicates that the population of Lilium rotundii is predominated by self-crossing, which further accelerates population differentiation and weakens gene exchange. The genetic diversity at population level of Lilium mongolica was lower than that at species level. The highest information index of Shannons was 0.3133.The genetic differentiation between populations was very large, and the gene flow was weak but greater than 1 (Gst=0.3053,Nm*=1.1379), which could resist the effect of genetic drift on the genetic structure of the population. The differentiation between populations and populations was extremely significant (P0.0010) Mantel analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between genetic distance and horizontal geographic distance (r-.7002p0.05), but 桅 value was 0.417, which indicated that the population of Lilium mongolica had both self-crossing and crossbreeding, which weakened the differentiation of population. The natural resources of Lilium lilium, Lilium sanguinalis and Lilium globosa are less, and there is only one population, which can not be compared and analyzed between populations. 2. The molecular identification of Lilium lilium was carried out by using ITS2 universal primers as bar code. At the same time, three ISSR primers (UBC807,UBC826,UBC866) were used to identify 5 species of Lilium in Changbai Mountain area. The content of protein was low (0.99% 0.44%, respectively, and the reference standard of edible lily was 6.7%), and the content of water-soluble carbohydrate was higher (69.65% and 76.18%, respectively). The reference standard of edible lily was 79.5%. The content of cold extract was higher (37.93% and 32.36%, respectively, and the requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia was 鈮，

本文編號：2252041