【摘要】：當(dāng)今氮肥的過量使用不僅造成了氮的損失增加了生產(chǎn)成本而且也破壞了環(huán)境使農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染日趨嚴(yán)重。因此氮肥的合理利用成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。在內(nèi)蒙古杭錦后旗頭道橋鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行大田施肥試驗(yàn)來研究不同施肥制度對氮素?fù)p失的影響,結(jié)果表明:1.追施三次普通尿素處理玉米吸收氮為141.4kg/hm2,氮肥利用率為43.7%高于其它處理,氨揮發(fā)損失為13.5kg/hm2,N20排放損失1.8kg/hm2,氣態(tài)氮損失為4.8%小于追施一次尿素、追施二次尿素,土壤淋溶水中氮素淋溶損失為29.4kg/hm2,小于緩控釋氮肥、追施一次尿素、追施二次尿素和追施二次液態(tài)氮肥。追施三次普通尿素土壤氮素殘留量最低為106.8kg/hmm2。玉米產(chǎn)量顯著高于緩控釋氮肥、追施一次尿素和追施二次尿素(p0.05)。2.追施二次液態(tài)氮肥的氮肥利用率為41.8%高于緩控釋氮肥、追施一次尿素和追施二次尿素,氣態(tài)氮素?fù)p失為4.9%高于緩控釋氮肥的4.4%和追施三次普通尿素的4.8%,土壤淋溶水淋溶氮量為31.4kg/hmm2,淋溶損失率低于追施三次普通尿素但高于緩控釋氮肥、追施一次尿素和追施二次尿素。玉米產(chǎn)量也顯著高于緩控釋氮肥、追施一次尿素和追施二次尿素(p0.05),與追施三次普通尿素的玉米產(chǎn)量不顯著(p0.05)。3.緩控釋氮肥(35.8%)、追施一次尿素(38.1%)和追施二次尿素(37.5%)的氮肥利用率低于追施三次普通尿素(43.7%)和追施二次液態(tài)氮肥(41.8%)。緩控釋氮肥(42.6kg/hm2)、追施一次尿素(47.2kg/hmm2)和追施二次尿素(38.8kg/hm2)的淋溶水氮損失高于配方肥+追施三次普通尿素(29.4kg/hm2)和配方肥+追施二次液態(tài)氮肥(15.7kg/hm2)的淋溶水氮損失,在玉米產(chǎn)量和環(huán)境效應(yīng)方面不具有較大優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the excessive use of nitrogen not only causes the loss of nitrogen, but also damages the environment and causes the agricultural non-point source pollution to become more and more serious. Therefore, the rational use of nitrogen fertilizer has become the focus of attention. Field fertilization experiments were carried out in Hangjin Houqi, Inner Mongolia, to study the effects of different fertilization systems on nitrogen loss. The results showed that 1: 1. The nitrogen uptake of maize was 141.4 kg 路hm ~ 2 路hm ~ (2), nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was 43.7% higher than that of other treatments, ammonia volatilization loss was 1.8kg / hm ~ (2), and gaseous nitrogen loss was 4.8% less than that of first application, and secondary urea was applied at the same time, the nitrogen uptake of maize was 141.4 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2), nitrogen fertilizer utilization was 43.7% higher than that of other treatments, and ammonia volatilization loss was 1.8kg / hm ~ (2). The leaching loss of nitrogen in soil leaching water was 29.4 kg 路hm ~ (2), which was lower than that of slow-controlled nitrogen fertilizer. The primary urea, the secondary urea and the secondary liquid nitrogen fertilizer were applied. The lowest nitrogen residue in topdressing was 106.8 kg / hmm-2. The yield of maize was significantly higher than that of slow and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, topdressing with primary urea and secondary urea (p0.05) .2. The nitrogen utilization efficiency of secondary liquid nitrogen fertilizer was 41.8% higher than that of slow and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrogen loss of gaseous nitrogen was 4.9% higher than that of slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and 4.8wt% of tertiary urea. The leaching nitrogen content of soil leaching water was 31.4 kg 路hmm2. The leaching loss rate was lower than that of three times common urea but higher than that of slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer. Topdressing of primary urea and topdressing secondary urea. The yield of maize was also significantly higher than that of slow-controlled nitrogen fertilizer. The yield of maize treated with primary urea and secondary urea (p0.05) was not significantly higher than that with triple-urea (p0.05). Slow and controlled nitrogen fertilizer (35. 8%), primary urea (38. 1%) and secondary urea (37. 5%) were lower than common urea (43. 7%) and secondary liquid nitrogen fertilizer (41. 8%). The leaching water and nitrogen loss of slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (42.6kg/hm2), primary urea (47.2kg/hmm2) and topdressing secondary urea (38.8kg/hm2) were higher than that of common urea (29.4kg/hm2) and secondary liquid nitrogen fertilizer (15.7kg/hm2). There is no advantage in maize yield and environmental effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

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