【摘要】：近年來,果樹鈣素營養(yǎng)問題越來越引起人們的重視,許多果樹因為缺鈣而引發(fā)一系列的生理病害,而果樹補鈣可以有效的防治這些生理病害。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),甲酸鈣肥在補充作物鈣素、防治缺鈣引起的生理病害及改善果實品質(zhì)方面具有一定作用,但有關土施甲酸鈣對桃樹補鈣效果及果實品質(zhì)影響的研究尚不多見。為此,本研究分別通過土壤施用甲酸鈣肥和硝酸鈣肥,探討施用這兩種鈣肥對桃樹補鈣效果及其對果實品質(zhì)的調(diào)控作用,以期為桃樹科學施用鈣肥提供參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、與對照相比,T1、T2和T3處理果實單果重和產(chǎn)量分別提高了16.5%和27.1%、23.0%和30.7%,6.7%和20.6%,差異顯著。在等鈣量處理下,T1處理(硝酸鈣肥施用量為120.7 kg/畝)與T2處理(甲酸鈣肥施用量為66.5 kg/畝)對果實單果重和產(chǎn)量的影響差異不顯著。施鈣量加倍(T3處理,甲酸鈣用量133.0 kg/畝)后,果實的單果重和產(chǎn)量出現(xiàn)下降趨勢,與T2處理相比,果實的單果重和產(chǎn)量分別降低了7.9%和8.3%,差異顯著。2、在果實品質(zhì)方面,與對照相比,T1、T2和T3處理果實可溶性固形物含量分別提高了19.4%、30.7%和18.4%,可溶性糖含量分別提高了23.0%、31.2%以及18.6%,維生素C含量分別提高了40.7%、59.3%和26.9%,可滴定酸含量分別降低了26.3%、26.3%和12.5%,果實硬度分別提高了34.1%、35.5%以及54.3%,處理間差異顯著。果實采收6天后,T1、T2和T3處理果實好果率分別為18.0%、27.0%和14.0%,對照處理的果實基本上全部腐爛變質(zhì);與T1相比,T2處理果實好果率提高了50.0%,差異顯著。3、樹體器官中鈣的含量受鈣肥影響較大,隨著時間的推移,各處理葉片中鈣的含量逐漸提高,在果實第二次膨大期最高,果實成熟期、采收后,葉片中鈣的含量逐漸降低,但仍高于對照,差異顯著。與對照相比,T1、T2和T3處理桃樹葉片鈣含量分別提高了17.4%、24.1%和11.0%,新梢鈣含量分別提高了14.2%、19.7%和7.5%,果肉鈣含量分別提高了34.1%、36.0%和22.7%,果皮鈣含量分別提高了38.6%、51.2%和22.8%,處理間差異顯著,說明甲酸鈣處理對樹體各器官的鈣含量的影響要高于硝酸鈣處理。施鈣量加倍,樹體開始產(chǎn)生毒害作用,與甲酸鈣處理(T2)相比,樹體各器官的鈣含量開始降低,差異顯著,說明過量的施用鈣肥會影響到樹體對鈣素的吸收。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of calcium nutrition in fruit trees. Many fruit trees have caused a series of physiological diseases due to calcium deficiency, and calcium supplementation in fruit trees can effectively prevent and cure these physiological diseases. It was found that calcium formate fertilizer had a certain role in supplementing crop calcium, preventing and curing physiological diseases caused by calcium deficiency and improving fruit quality. However, the effect of calcium formate application in soil on the effect of calcium supplementation and fruit quality of peach trees was still rare. In order to provide reference for the scientific application of calcium fertilizer in peach trees, this study discussed the effect of calcium supplementation and the regulation of fruit quality by applying calcium formate fertilizer and calcium nitrate fertilizer in soil. The main results were as follows: compared with the control, the fruit weight and yield of the treatments treated with T1T 2 and T 3 increased by 16.5% and 27.1C 23.0% and 30.7% and 20.6wt%, respectively, and the difference was significant. There was no significant difference in fruit weight and yield between the treatments of T1- (120.7 kg/ mu calcium nitrate fertilizer) and T2 (66.5 kg/ mu of calcium formate fertilizer) under the condition of equal calcium content. When the amount of calcium was doubled (T3 treatment, 133.0 kg/ mu calcium formate), the fruit weight and yield of fruit decreased by 7.9% and 8.3%, respectively, compared with T2 treatment, and the difference was significant in fruit quality. Compared with the control, the content of soluble solids increased by 30.7% and 18.4%, the content of soluble sugar increased 23.032% and 18.6%, the content of vitamin C increased 59.3% and 26.9%, and the titratable acid content decreased 26.326.3% and 18.6g, respectively. The fruit firmness was increased by 34.5% and 54.3%, respectively, and there was significant difference between the treatments. After 6 days of harvest, the rate of good fruit of T _ 1T _ 2 and T _ 3 treatments was 18.0% and 14.0%, respectively. Compared with T1, the rate of good fruit increased by 50.0, the difference was significant. The content of calcium in tree organs was greatly affected by calcium fertilizer. With the passage of time, the content of calcium in leaves of each treatment gradually increased, which was the highest in the second expansion period of fruit. The content of calcium in leaves decreased gradually after harvest, but it was still higher than that of control, and the difference was significant. Compared with the control, the calcium content in leaves of peach tree treated with T1T 2 and T 3 increased by 17.4% and 11.0%, respectively. The calcium content of new shoots increased by 14.2g% and 7.5%, respectively. The calcium content of pulp increased by 34.1% and 36.7%, and the content of pericarp increased by 38.60.52% and 22.8wt%, respectively. The effect of calcium formate treatment on calcium content in tree organs was higher than that on calcium nitrate treatment. Compared with the calcium formate treatment (T2), the calcium content of the organs of the tree began to decrease, and the difference was significant, indicating that excessive application of calcium fertilizer would affect the absorption of calcium in the tree.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S662.1

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