發(fā)布時間：2018-09-07 06:38

【摘要】：太湖為中國第三大淡水湖,生態(tài)功能價值巨大。菰(Zizania latifolia)為多年生宿根草本挺水觀賞植物,禾本科菰屬,稻亞科,稻族,菰喜溫暖,喜陽光,菰與水稻是近緣屬。菰在中國存在的歷史悠久,最早記錄可以追溯到3000年前的周代。菰具有優(yōu)良的生態(tài)價值、觀賞價值、食用價值、藥用價值。菰屬(Zizania L.)植物分為4種,分別是菰、水生菰、沼生菰、德克薩斯菰(又稱流水菰)。菰主要分布在亞洲東部、東南亞和中南半島地區(qū),水生菰、沼生菰、德克薩斯菰主要分布在北美的美國、墨西哥、加拿大,歐洲地區(qū)也有分布,其中分布在美國的圣馬克斯河岸的德克薩斯菰瀕臨滅絕。目前還未見太湖野生菰種質(zhì)資源遺傳多樣性研究,此次太湖40個野生菰居群遺傳多樣性研究,意義在于為今后野生菰種質(zhì)資源的調(diào)查、收集、保護、開發(fā)、利用、推廣提供依據(jù),以達到保護物種多樣性,保護生態(tài)環(huán)境的目的,從而保護太湖生物多樣性,維護生態(tài)平衡。同時為野生菰優(yōu)良基因開發(fā)和利用、遺傳進化研究提供依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)太湖地區(qū)野生菰分布廣泛,生長能力強,但隨著人類的開發(fā)建設及不合理開發(fā)利用,野生菰的數(shù)量正逐年減少。從調(diào)查的40個樣點來看,生長在太湖的樣點有18個,占比45%,其余22個樣點野生菰均發(fā)現(xiàn)于距太湖湖岸3 km~5 km的小河、水溝或濕地。18個樣點大多分布在太湖南側(cè)的湖州和吳江市,太湖西側(cè)南部大約25 km距離的河岸人為硬化,無菰植物生長。(2)從表觀數(shù)據(jù)進行遺傳多樣性分析得出,太湖野生菰6個表觀性狀的平均變異系數(shù)為33.02%,變化幅度為18.34%~52.22%。進一步對太湖野生菰40個群落表觀性狀變異系數(shù)平均值分析得出,9個野生菰群落變異系數(shù)平均值在20%以上,22個居群變異系數(shù)平均值在10%~20%之間,10%以上的居群占比78%。同時從葉面形態(tài)上對太湖野生菰40個居群進行聚類分析,共分為四大類,其中兩類葉面形態(tài)特征較突出,表觀數(shù)據(jù)分析得出太湖野生菰遺傳變異大,遺傳多樣性水平高,太湖西側(cè)北部、太湖北側(cè)及太湖東南側(cè)、南側(cè)相比其他方位菰遺傳變異程度高。(3)通過SSR分子標記技術,對太湖野生菰40個群落88個樣本進行了種質(zhì)資源遺傳多樣性及遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)研究分析。經(jīng)過篩選的19對SSR標記共擴增出條帶113條,其中多態(tài)性條帶111條,多態(tài)性百分比98.23%,居群間基因多樣性指數(shù)(He)為0.2763,信息指數(shù)(I)為0.4288;遺傳距離(GS)在0.0681~0.8224之間,遺傳相似性系數(shù)(GS)在0.4394~0.9342之間;采用UPGMA法對40個居群進行聚類分析,閾值為0.195時,將40個居群分為11類;居群間和居群內(nèi)顯著性檢測顯示P0.01,說明差異極顯著,居群的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)差異大。通過遺傳變異性強弱和遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)差異大小表明,太湖地區(qū)野生菰居群間SSR基因型的多樣性豐富,遺傳多樣性水平高,從太湖地區(qū)不同方位群落發(fā)生顯著變異出現(xiàn)的頻率和數(shù)量來看,大致可以將太湖地區(qū)野生菰種質(zhì)資源遺傳多樣性水平高低排序為:西側(cè)北半邊、北部東南、南部東部、東北。
[Abstract]:Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China and has great ecological value. Zizania latifolia is a perennial perennial perennial herbaceous ornamental plant. Zizania latifolia belongs to the genus of gramineae, rice subfamily, rice family. It likes warmth and sunshine. Zizania latifolia is closely related to rice. Zizania latifolia has a long history in China and the earliest record can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty 3000 years ago. Zizania L. (Zizania L.) plants are divided into four species, namely, water chestnut, aquatic chestnut, bog chestnut, Texas chestnut (also known as flowing water chestnut). The chestnut is mainly distributed in eastern Asia, Southeast Asia and the peninsula of central and southern China, aquatic chestnut, bog chestnut, Texas chestnut mainly distributed in North America, Mexico, Mexico, Texas. There is no study on genetic diversity of wild water chestnut germplasm resources in Lake Taihu. The study on genetic diversity of 40 wild water chestnut populations in Lake Taihu is significant for the future investigation, collection, protection and development of wild water chestnut germplasm resources. The main results are as follows: (1) Wild Chinese chestnut is widely distributed in Taihu Lake area, and has strong growth ability, but with the development and utilization of wild Chinese chestnut genes, genetic evolution research provides the basis. The number of wild Chinese chestnuts is decreasing year by year with the development, construction and unreasonable utilization of human beings. According to the 40 sampling sites surveyed, 18 of them grow in Taihu Lake, accounting for 45%. The remaining 22 samples are found in small rivers, ditches or wetlands 3 km to 5 km away from the shore of Taihu Lake. (2) Genetic diversity analysis showed that the average variation coefficients of six apparent characters of wild Chinese chestnut in Taihu Lake ranged from 33.02% to 18.34%-52.22%. Furthermore, the average variation coefficients of the six apparent characters of wild Chinese chestnut communities in Taihu Lake were analyzed. The results showed that the average variation coefficients of 9 Wild Chinese chestnut communities were above 20%, the average variation coefficients of 22 populations were between 10% and 20%, and the proportion of over 10% was 78%. The genetic variability of wild Chinese chestnut in Taihu Lake was large and the genetic diversity level was high. The genetic diversity and genetic structure of 88 samples of wild Chinese chestnut communities in Taihu Lake were studied by SSR markers. A total of 113 bands were amplified from 19 pairs of SSR markers, including 111 polymorphic bands, 98.23% polymorphic percentage, 0.2763 genetic diversity index (He), 0.4288 information index (I), 0.0681-0.8224 genetic distance (GS) and 0.4394-0.9342 genetic similarity coefficient (GS); 40 populations were clustered by UPGMA. When the threshold value was 0.195, the 40 populations were divided into 11 groups. Significance test between and within populations showed P 0.01, indicating that the difference was extremely significant and the genetic structure of the population was very different. According to the frequency and number of significant community variation in different directions in Taihu Lake area, the genetic diversity level of wild Chinese chestnut germplasm resources in Taihu Lake area can be roughly sorted as follows: the northern half of the west, the southeast of the north, the east of the South and the northeast.
【學位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S645.2

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