【摘要】：茄子(Solanum melongena L.)在我國的栽培面積逐年擴大,是我國內(nèi)銷及出口創(chuàng)匯的主要蔬菜之一。隨著光生物學研究的不斷深入和人工光源的不斷開發(fā),光質(zhì)調(diào)控設(shè)施蔬菜作物生產(chǎn)的研究越來越廣泛。本文以'京茄金剛'長茄為試材,在前期探明紅/藍(R/B)=1/1組合光比單色光更有利于培育茄子壯苗基礎(chǔ)上,以LED 白光(W)為對照,通過設(shè)定LED不同紅藍配比:LED紅光(R)、R/B=1/1、R/B=3/1,R/B=6/1、R/B=9/1和LED藍光(B),共7個處理,系統(tǒng)研究了不同紅藍光比例對茄子幼苗生長、葉片光合作用和碳氮代謝的影響,以期篩選出適宜茄子幼苗生長發(fā)育的最佳紅藍光比例,為培育茄子壯苗進行光環(huán)境調(diào)控提供理論依據(jù),主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.R/B=3/1處理下,茄子幼苗的壯苗指數(shù)、全株干重、根系活力、根系總吸收面積、活躍吸收面積及根系構(gòu)型參數(shù)均顯著高于其他處理;B處理下,其幼苗的株高和根冠比高于其他處理;R處理下,其莖粗、葉面積、全株干重、根冠比、壯苗指數(shù)、根系活力、根系總吸收面積、活躍吸收面積及根系構(gòu)型參數(shù)均顯著低于其他處理;R/B=1/1處理下,其莖粗最大,全株干重、根系活力、根系總吸收面積及活躍吸收面積僅次于R/B=3/1;R/B=1/1、3/1、6/1處理下,其葉片厚度、柵欄組織、海綿組織及上下表皮厚度均優(yōu)于其他處理;R/B=9/1處理的幼苗葉片海綿組織疏松;B處理有利于提高葉片組織結(jié)構(gòu)緊密度。2.短時間(0～8 h)內(nèi),LED紅藍配比光質(zhì)各處理下茄子幼苗葉片中psbB的表達量均有顯著上升趨勢;R/B=9/1處理下,rbcS、rbcL、phyA、phyS、prbA、psbB和CRY2的表達量均有顯著升高趨勢;rbcS和rbcL在W、R/B=1/1和9/1處理下變化顯著;phyA和phyB在 R/B=9/1和1/1處理下均亦呈顯著上升趨勢;除W處理外,psbA和psbB在其他各處理下均變化顯著;CRY2在R/B=1/1、3/1、6/1和9/1處理下變化顯著。育苗結(jié)束后,R/B=3/1處理能顯著提高rbcL、rbcS、phyA、phyB、psbA、psbB和CRY2的表達水平;B處理可提高psbB和rbcS的表達量;R處理則促進phyA的表達量,表明紅、藍光共同參與調(diào)控了 RuBPcase酶活性、光受體以及光系統(tǒng)反應(yīng)中心基因水平的表達。3.R/B=3/1處理下,茄子幼苗葉片葉綠素a、葉綠素(a+b)、葉綠素a/b、類胡蘿卜素含量、Fv'/Fm'、光合電子傳遞速率(ETR)、氣孔導度、水分利用效率、RuBP羧化酶(RuBPcase)活性、光飽和點、光飽和時光合速率、羧化效率(CE)、CO2飽和點、RuBP最大再生速率均顯著高于其他處理,表觀量子效率(AQY)次于R/B=1/1;R/B=1/1處理的幼苗葉片葉綠素b、Fv/Fm、凈光合速率、蒸騰速率、AQY、光補償點高于其他處理,RuBPcase活性和CE次于R/B=3/1;R處理較B處理可提高茄子幼苗葉片光合色素含量;B處理較R處理有利于幼苗葉片的光合電子傳遞,并能顯著提高葉片熒光參數(shù) Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、Fv'/Fm'、ETR、qP 和 qNP。4.R/B=3/1處理的茄子幼苗葉片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性顯著高于其他處理,故可促進葉片中總糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和淀粉含量的積累;與其他處理相比,葉片中谷氨酸脫氫酶(GDH)、谷氨酸合成酶、硝酸還原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性亦顯著升高,從而可顯著提高葉片中銨態(tài)氮、非蛋白氮、可溶性蛋白和游離氨基酸含量;R/B=1/1處理的葉片SPS活性和總糖、果糖、可溶性糖含量及GDH、NR活性和非蛋白氮含量次于R/B=3/1,但還原糖和可溶性糖含量最高;B處理的幼苗葉片中全氮含量最高;R處理的葉片淀粉酶活性和硝態(tài)氮含量最高;R/B=6/1處理的葉片蛋白氮含量最高,SPS和SS活性、還原糖、葡萄糖、硝態(tài)氮、非蛋白氮和可溶性蛋白含量與R/B=3/1處理差異不顯著。
[Abstract]:Solanum melongena L. (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the main vegetables sold in China and exported for foreign exchange. With the development of photobiology and artificial light source, the research on vegetable production under light quality control facilities is more and more extensive. Based on the fact that bright red/blue (R/B) = 1/1 combination light is more conducive to cultivating strong eggplant seedlings than monochromatic light, the effects of red/blue light ratio on the growth of eggplant seedlings, leaf photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen were systematically studied by setting different red/blue LED ratios: red (R), R/B = 1/1, R/B = 3/1, R/B = 6/1, R/B = 9/1 and LED blue (B). The main results are as follows: 1. R/B=3/1 treatment, the index of strong seedling, the whole plant dry weight, root activity, total root absorption area, active absorption area and root structure of eggplant seedlings. The plant height and root-shoot ratio of seedlings under treatment B were significantly higher than those under other treatments; the stem diameter, leaf area, whole plant dry weight, root-shoot ratio, strong seedling index, root activity, total root absorption area, active absorption area and root architecture parameters of seedlings under treatment R/B=1/1 were significantly lower than those under other treatments. The whole plant dry weight, root activity, total root absorption area and active absorption area were only inferior to R/B=3/1; the leaf thickness, palisade tissue, sponge tissue and upper and lower epidermis thickness of R/B=1/1, 3/1, 6/1 treatment were superior to other treatments; the spongy tissue of seedlings treated with R/B=9/1 was loose; the compactness of leaf tissue structure was improved by B treatment. The expression of PSB B in eggplant seedling leaves increased significantly under different LED red and blue light quality treatments, and the expression of rbcS, rbcL, phyA, phyS, prbA, PSB B and CRY2 increased significantly under R/B = 9/1 and 1/1 treatments. The expression of rbcL, rbcS, phyA, phyB, psbA, psbB and CRY2 was significantly increased by R/B = 1/1, 3/1, 6/1 and 9/1 treatments, and the expression of psbB and rbcS was significantly increased by R/B = 3/1 treatments after seedling cultivation. 3. R / B = 3/1 treatment, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a / b, carotenoid content, Fv'/ Fm', photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, RuBP carboxylase (RuBP carboxylase) in Eggplant Seedling Leaves BPcase activity, light saturation point, photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency (CE), CO2 saturation point, maximum regeneration rate of RuBP were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and AQY was lower than that of R/B=1/1; chlorophyll b, Fv/Fm, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, AQY, light compensation point, RuBPcase activity and CE were higher than those of other treatments. The photosynthetic pigments content of eggplant seedling leaves was increased by R/B=3/1, and the photosynthetic electron transfer and fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, PSII, Fv'/Fm, ETR, qP and qNP.4.R/B=3/1 were improved by R treatment than by R treatment. Compared with other treatments, the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate synthase (GS), nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthase (GS) in leaves were also significantly increased, and the contents of total sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose and starch in leaves were significantly increased. The contents of soluble protein and free amino acid, SPS activity and total sugar, fructose, soluble sugar and GDH, NR activity and non-protein nitrogen were lower than those of R/B=3/1, but the contents of crude sugar and soluble sugar were the highest; the content of total nitrogen in seedling leaves of B treatment was the highest; the content of amylase activity and nitrate nitrogen in leaves of R/B=1/1 treatment was the highest; The content of protein nitrogen in leaves treated with 6/1 was the highest, and the activities of SPS and S S, reducing sugar, glucose, nitrate nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and soluble protein were not significantly different from those treated with R/B=3/1.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S641.1

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