【摘要】：在我國馬鈴薯主糧化戰(zhàn)略的驅(qū)動(dòng)下,對(duì)加工專用型及彩色馬鈴薯等特色品種的需求增大。為培育優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、抗病、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的馬鈴薯新品種,近幾年我們依據(jù)生態(tài)型差異較大、優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)互補(bǔ)的親本選配原則,以美國引進(jìn)的馬鈴薯種質(zhì)材料'YSP-4','2027','MIN-021'及國內(nèi)育成的品種'隴薯7號(hào)'和'黑美'作親本,組配了 'YSP-4×MIN-021'、'2027×黑美'、'YSP-4×隴薯7號(hào)' 3個(gè)雜交組合,通過人工套袋授粉雜交,獲得其雜種F1代分離群體,并以F1代及其親本為材料,在田間紗網(wǎng)大棚栽培條件下選擇符合育種目標(biāo)的優(yōu)良雜種無性系單株,成功培育出7個(gè)馬鈴薯優(yōu)良新品系A(chǔ)4、A8、A21、B5、B7、B10和C2。本試驗(yàn)重點(diǎn)對(duì)新品系的生育特性、產(chǎn)量和營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)表現(xiàn)、PMCMI染色體配對(duì)構(gòu)型及SSR指紋特征等進(jìn)行了分析,主要結(jié)果如下。1.試驗(yàn)從3個(gè)組合'YSP-4×MIN-021'、'2027×黑美'和'YSP-4×隴薯7號(hào)'的雜種F1代分離群體中選育出7個(gè)馬鈴薯優(yōu)良新品系A(chǔ)4、A8、A21、B5、B7、B10和C2。A4為全粉加工型新品系,B7和B10為彩色馬鈴薯新品系,其余均為鮮食型新品系。2.各新品系生育期變幅為85～113 d,品系B10中早熟,C2晚熟,其余5個(gè)品系均為中熟類型;7個(gè)新品系的塊莖芽眼淺,結(jié)薯集中整齊,平均單株產(chǎn)量在1 kg以上,商品薯率81%以上。3.7個(gè)新品系A(chǔ)4、A8、A21、B5、B7、B10和C2的花粉可育率變幅為48.82%～87.69%,其染色體配對(duì)構(gòu)型分別為 6.57Ⅰ+9.66Ⅱ+5.06Ⅲ+1.74Ⅳ、5.38Ⅰ +8.98Ⅱ+4.63Ⅲ+2.69Ⅳ、4.05Ⅰ+ 15.54Ⅱ+2.12Ⅲ+1.63Ⅳ、4.55Ⅰ+12.12Ⅱ+2.39Ⅲ+3.01Ⅳ、1.93Ⅰ+11.52Ⅱ+2.0Ⅲ+4.26Ⅳ、4.37Ⅰ+9.97Ⅱ+3.19Ⅲ+3.53Ⅳ和 6.08Ⅰ+7.6Ⅱ+3.4Ⅲ+4.13Ⅳ。4.各新品系和其親本的遺傳距離(GD)變幅在0.20～0.588之間,以GD值0.4為基準(zhǔn),將12個(gè)材料劃分為5類:第一類為A4、A8、A21和'YSP-4';第二類為B5和'2027';第三類為B7、B10和'黑美';第四類為C2和'隴薯7號(hào)';'MIN-021'單獨(dú)為一類。5.試驗(yàn)篩選出SSR適宜引引物10對(duì),共擴(kuò)增出101個(gè)多態(tài)性條帶,多態(tài)性條帶比率為82.1 1%。建立了親本和其雜種新品系的SSR指紋圖,為下一步新品種的育成鑒定和登記利用提供了分子依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Driven by the main grain strategy of potato in China, the demand for special processing and color potato varieties has increased. In order to cultivate new potato varieties with good quality, high yield, disease resistance and strong adaptability, in recent years, we have adopted the principle of parent selection based on the large ecotype differences and complementary advantages and disadvantages. Three hybrid combinations of YSP-4 脳 MIN-021 'and' Longshu 7 'and' Heimei', one of the potato germplasm materials introduced from USA, were used to pollinate YSP-4 脳 MIN-021, and YSP-4 脳 Longshu 7 by artificial bagging. The F _ 1 hybrids and their parents were used as the materials to select a single plant of fine hybrid clones under the condition of field net shed cultivation. Seven new potato fine lines A _ 4A _ (8) A _ (21) A _ (1) B _ (5) C _ (7) B _ (7) and A _ (4) A _ (8) A _ (21) B _ (5) B _ (7) B _ (7) B _ (10) and C _ (2) were successfully cultivated. In this experiment, the growth characteristics, yield and nutritional quality of the new strain were analyzed. The chromosome pairing configuration of PMCMI and the characteristics of SSR fingerprinting were analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1. In this experiment, seven new potato lines, A4A8A8, A21, B _ 5, B _ 7, B _ (7) and C2.A4, were selected from three hybrids of YSP-4 脳 MIN-021, YSP-4 脳 Longshu '2027 脳 Heimei' and YYSP-4 脳 Longshu 7', respectively, and the others were fresh type new lines. 2. The growth period of each new strain was 85 ~ 113d, the medium and early maturing strain B10 was late maturing, the other five lines were all medium maturing types, the tuber buds of 7 new lines were light, the tubers were concentrated and neat, the average yield per plant was more than 1 kg. The rate of pollen fertility of the new lines A4, A8, A21, B5, B7, B10 and C2 was 48.82%, and the chromosome matching configuration was 6.57 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2198002