【摘要】：南酸棗是重要的鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種,其生長(zhǎng)速度快,材質(zhì)好,用途廣,果實(shí)還可藥用,適合作為造林綠化先鋒樹(shù)種。本文以半年生與一年生南酸棗實(shí)生苗為試驗(yàn)材料,研究了單施氮、磷肥及氮、磷、鉀配比施肥對(duì)半年生南酸棗盆栽幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響,幼苗葉片中氮、磷、鉀元素年周期內(nèi)動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律;配方施肥對(duì)兩年生南酸棗幼林生長(zhǎng)的影響,幼樹(shù)葉片與枝條內(nèi)氮、磷、鉀元素年周期內(nèi)動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律,結(jié)果表明:(1)單施氮肥處理下,南酸棗幼苗隨著氮肥濃度的增加,幼苗的生長(zhǎng)量與生物量逐漸增大,但是當(dāng)?shù)蕽舛瘸^(guò)一定量時(shí),幼苗的生長(zhǎng)量與生物量開(kāi)始降低,其中苗高、地徑與單株生物量在尿素施用量為10g/盆時(shí)達(dá)到最大值,分別為120.0cm、1.07cm與26g,同時(shí)幼苗的生長(zhǎng)旺盛期出現(xiàn)在8月份。幼苗葉片中的氮、磷、鉀元素含量隨著季節(jié)的變化氮元素一直呈下降趨勢(shì),磷、鉀元素呈先上升后下降趨勢(shì)。對(duì)幼苗苗高、地徑與葉片中氮、磷、鉀元素含量進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析可知,磷元素對(duì)幼苗苗高、地徑生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有極顯著作用,氮、鉀元素對(duì)幼苗苗高生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有顯著作用。(2)單施磷肥處理下,南酸棗盆栽幼苗隨著磷肥濃度的增加,幼苗的生長(zhǎng)量與生物量逐漸增大,但當(dāng)磷肥濃度超過(guò)一定量時(shí),幼苗的生長(zhǎng)量與生物量反而降低,其中苗高、地徑與單株生物量在鈣鎂磷肥施用量為50g/盆時(shí)達(dá)到最大值,分別為123.1cm、1.12cm與27.9g,同時(shí)幼苗的生長(zhǎng)旺盛期出現(xiàn)在8月份。幼苗葉片中的氮、磷、鉀元素含量隨著季節(jié)的變化氮元素一直呈下降趨勢(shì),磷、鉀元素呈先上升后下降趨勢(shì)。對(duì)幼苗苗高、地徑與葉片中氮、磷、鉀元素含量進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析可知,氮元素對(duì)幼苗苗高、地徑生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有極顯著作用,磷元素對(duì)幼苗地徑生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有顯著作用。(3)不同配比施肥試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:配比施肥比單施氮肥、磷肥更能促進(jìn)南酸棗盆栽幼苗的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。其中苗高、地徑與單株生物量在每盆施用尿素10g、鈣鎂磷肥30g、硫酸鉀肥15g時(shí)達(dá)到最大值,分別為141.5cm、1.33cm與55.3g,同時(shí)幼苗的生長(zhǎng)旺盛期出現(xiàn)在8月份。幼苗葉片中的氮、磷、鉀元素含量隨著季節(jié)的變化氮元素一直呈下降趨勢(shì),磷、鉀元素呈先上升后下降趨勢(shì)。對(duì)幼苗苗高、地徑與葉片中氮、磷、鉀元素含量進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析可知,氮元素對(duì)幼苗苗高生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有極顯著作用,磷元素對(duì)幼苗苗高生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有顯著作用,氮、鉀元素對(duì)幼苗地徑生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有顯著作用。(4)根據(jù)南酸棗兩年生幼齡林配方施肥結(jié)果表明:處理12即南酸棗幼林期每株施放2.0kg有機(jī)肥為樹(shù)高與胸徑生長(zhǎng)量最大值,與對(duì)照相比其胸徑生長(zhǎng)量提高了 33.78%,樹(shù)高生長(zhǎng)量提高了 30.34%。隨著季節(jié)的變化幼林葉片中的氮、磷、鉀元素一直呈下降趨勢(shì);枝條內(nèi)氮、鉀元素呈下降趨勢(shì)。磷元素呈先上升后下降趨勢(shì)。對(duì)幼樹(shù)樹(shù)高、胸徑與葉片內(nèi)氮、磷、鉀元素含量進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析可知,氮、鉀元素對(duì)幼樹(shù)樹(shù)高生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有極顯著作用,磷元素對(duì)幼樹(shù)樹(shù)高生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有顯著作用,氮、鉀元素對(duì)幼樹(shù)胸徑生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有顯著作用。對(duì)幼樹(shù)樹(shù)高、胸徑與枝條內(nèi)氮、磷、鉀元素含量進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析可知,氮、鉀元素對(duì)幼樹(shù)樹(shù)高、胸徑生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有顯著作用。
[Abstract]:Nan Suanzao jujube is an important native tree species with fast growth speed, good material quality, wide use and medicinal fruit. It is suitable for forestation and greening. In this paper, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the growth of half-year-old Nan Suanzao jujube seedlings were studied. The dynamic changes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves during the annual cycle, the effects of formula fertilization on the growth of two-year-old jujube seedlings, and the dynamic changes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in young leaves and branches during the annual cycle were studied. The results showed that: (1) With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer concentration, the growth and biomass of jujube seedlings increased gradually. The seedling height, ground diameter and biomass per plant reached the maximum values of 120.0 cm, 1.07 cm and 26 g respectively when the urea application rate was 10 g / pot, and the seedling growth peak appeared in August. The correlation analysis between seedling height, ground diameter and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves showed that phosphorus played a very significant role in seedling height, ground diameter growth and development, and nitrogen and potassium played a significant role in seedling height growth and development. The growth and biomass of potted jujube seedlings increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer concentration, but decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer concentration. The seedling height, ground diameter and biomass per plant reached the maximum values of 123.1 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively, when the phosphorus fertilizer concentration exceeded a certain level. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of seedlings decreased with the season. The contents of phosphorus and potassium increased first and then decreased. The correlation analysis between seedling height, ground diameter and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves showed that nitrogen had a significant effect on the seedlings. The results of different fertilization ratios showed that phosphate fertilizer could promote the growth and development of potted jujube seedlings better than nitrogen fertilizer alone. The seedling height, ground diameter and biomass per plant were 10 g urea, 30 g calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per pot. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seedling leaves decreased with the season, and the content of phosphorus and potassium increased first and then decreased. For seedling height, ground diameter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium decreased. Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen had a very significant effect on seedling height growth and development, phosphorus had a significant effect on seedling height growth and development, nitrogen and potassium had a significant effect on seedling diameter growth and development. (4) According to the formula fertilization of two-year-old jujube plantation, the results showed that treatment 12 was applied to each plant of jujube plantation. 2.0 kg organic fertilizer was the maximum value of tree height and DBH growth, which increased by 33.78% and 30.34% compared with the control. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of young trees decreased with the season; the nitrogen and potassium in the branches decreased; the phosphorus increased first and then decreased. Correlation analysis of height, DBH and contents of N, P and K in leaves showed that N and K had significant effects on height growth and development of young trees, P had significant effects on height growth and development of young trees, N and K had significant effects on DBH growth and development of young trees. Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen and potassium had significant effects on the height and DBH growth of young trees.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S665.1
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本文編號(hào)：2180302