【摘要】：隨著土地流轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)展,家庭農(nóng)場這一新型經(jīng)營主體已成為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營的重要模式,并在其中發(fā)揮著重要作用。家庭農(nóng)場在最近四年來受到國家高度重視,各地發(fā)展迅速,是未來耕地資源利用的主體,耕地又是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎,因此,家庭農(nóng)場的耕地利用決策對耕地質(zhì)量以及糧食安全都將產(chǎn)生一定的影響�；诓煌孛矃^(qū)對家庭農(nóng)場的耕地利用特征進行研究,既是耕地質(zhì)量保護和管理的重要手段,也能針對不同地貌區(qū)調(diào)整耕地利用行為和策略提供重要借鑒,為促進耕地資源的合理利用提供科學依據(jù)。因此,進行家庭農(nóng)場耕地利用研究,尤其是探討不同地貌區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用的影響因素,對農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、糧食安全甚至整個社會的可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展具有重要的意義。本文以重慶市榮昌區(qū)和綦江區(qū)為例,研究不同地貌區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用特征,探討背后的主要影響因素。重慶地貌特征明顯,以山地丘陵為主,本研究以榮昌丘陵區(qū)、綦江中低山區(qū)為研究區(qū),運用問卷調(diào)查法、統(tǒng)計分析法和二元Logistic回歸分析。首先,對樣本家庭農(nóng)場耕地利用特征進行統(tǒng)計分析,然后,重點分析不同地貌區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用的影響因素。最后,討論實現(xiàn)家庭農(nóng)場耕地合理利用、保障糧食安全的對策和建議。通過對榮昌丘陵區(qū)、綦江中低山區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場的實地調(diào)查,獲取有效問卷131份,問卷有效率為93.57%。根據(jù)以往研究成果,并考慮到研究區(qū)域的特殊性和研究的可行性,本研究最終選取家庭農(nóng)場自身特征、資源稟賦、經(jīng)濟因素、政策因素四個方面的特征變量作為探討家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用的影響因素。其中家庭農(nóng)場自身特征包括農(nóng)場主年齡、農(nóng)場主受教育程度、農(nóng)場主從業(yè)經(jīng)歷、長期勞動力數(shù)量4個指標;資源稟賦包括家庭農(nóng)場經(jīng)營耕地面積、地貌特征2個指標;經(jīng)濟因素包括耕地年流轉(zhuǎn)租金、年銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總值、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入、人力投入4個指標;政策因素包括獲得扶持資金、貸款資金、耕地流轉(zhuǎn)年限、耕地流轉(zhuǎn)方式4個指標。本研究利用SPSS20.0對研究區(qū)域家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用進行描述性統(tǒng)計分析,為探討不同地貌區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用影響因素,建立了相應的二元Logistic回歸模型進行分析,并提出了相關對策建議。研究的主要結(jié)論有:(1)榮昌丘陵區(qū)和綦江中低山區(qū)的家庭農(nóng)場都存在較高程度的“非糧化”現(xiàn)象,“非糧化”經(jīng)營比例分別達到82.09%和90.06%,可見,中低山區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場“非糧化”現(xiàn)象更為突出。(2)不同地貌區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場耕地利用存在明顯差別。在其他因素一定的狀況下,主要考慮地形因素造成綦江區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場經(jīng)營規(guī)模要小于榮昌區(qū),農(nóng)機化投入成本、人力成本、土地成本等要高于榮昌區(qū)。(3)重慶市家庭農(nóng)場耕地利用不合理現(xiàn)象突顯。在所有調(diào)查樣本中,有42.75%的家庭農(nóng)場耕地用于從事種植業(yè),這里還包括了種植果樹、苗木等,有57.25%的家庭農(nóng)場將耕地用于畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)等。(4)分析131個有效樣本,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用的主要因素有:農(nóng)場主受教育程度、地貌特征、年銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總值、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入。農(nóng)場主受教育程度、年銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總值和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入與家庭農(nóng)場耕地的“非糧化”利用呈正相關,而且,中低山區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場比丘陵區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場更傾向“非糧化”利用。(5)分析榮昌丘陵區(qū)67個有效樣本,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用的主要因素有:農(nóng)場主受教育程度、年銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總值、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入、耕地年流轉(zhuǎn)租金。農(nóng)場主受教育程度、年銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總值和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入與家庭農(nóng)場耕地的“非糧化”利用呈正相關,與總樣本的分析結(jié)果保持一致。不同的是,耕地年流轉(zhuǎn)租金也是丘陵區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用的主要影響因素,耕地年流轉(zhuǎn)租金越高,越傾向“非糧化”利用。(6)分析綦江中低山區(qū)64個有效樣本,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用的主要因素有:農(nóng)場主受教育程度、年銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總值、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入、長期勞動力數(shù)量、人力投入。農(nóng)場主受教育程度、年銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品總值和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入與家庭農(nóng)場耕地的“非糧化”利用呈正相關,與總樣本的分析結(jié)果保持一致。不同的是,長期勞動力數(shù)量、人力投入也是中低山區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用的主要影響因素,長期勞動力數(shù)量、人力投入越多,耕地越傾向“非糧化”利用。針對不同地貌區(qū)家庭農(nóng)場耕地“非糧化”利用趨勢,建議建立新型鼓勵糧食生產(chǎn)基金,引導農(nóng)場主經(jīng)營糧食作物;推進種糧農(nóng)業(yè)保險,解除家庭農(nóng)場的后顧之憂;加強耕地用途管制;規(guī)范土地流轉(zhuǎn)市場,引導流轉(zhuǎn)價格合理化;加強對家庭農(nóng)場主的培訓引導。
[Abstract]:With the development of land circulation, family farm, a new management subject, has become an important mode of modern agricultural management, and plays an important role in it. Family farm has been highly valued by the country in the last four years. It has developed rapidly in all parts of the country. It is the main body of the utilization of cultivated land in the future, and the cultivated land is the object of human survival and development. Therefore, the decision-making of farmland utilization in family farms will have a certain influence on the quality of cultivated land and the security of grain. Based on the characteristics of the cultivated land use of family farms in different geomorphologic areas, it is an important means to protect and manage the quality of cultivated land. In order to promote the rational utilization of cultivated land resources, we should provide scientific basis for the rational utilization of cultivated land resources. Therefore, the study of farmland utilization in family farms, especially the influence factors of "non grain" utilization of cultivated land in family farms in different geomorphologic areas, is of great significance to the development of agricultural economy, food security and even the sustainable and healthy development of the society. Taking Rongchang district and Qijiang District of Chongqing as an example, the characteristics of "non grain" utilization of cultivated land in family farms in different geomorphologic areas are studied, and the main influencing factors are discussed. The landform characteristics of Chongqing are obvious, mainly in the hills and hills. This study takes Rongchang hilly area and the middle and low mountain areas of Qijiang as the research area, using questionnaire, statistical analysis and two yuan Logist IC regression analysis. First, the characteristics of the cultivated land use in the sample family farm are statistically analyzed. Then, the influence factors of "non grain" utilization of cultivated land in family farms in different landforms are analyzed. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions for the rational utilization of cultivated land in the family farm and the guarantee of food security are discussed. Through the Rongchang hilly area, the middle and low mountain areas in Qijiang. In the field of family farm, 131 valid questionnaires were obtained. The efficiency of the questionnaire was 93.57%. based on the previous research results, and the particularity of the study area and the feasibility of the research were taken into account. The study finally chose the characteristics of the family farm itself, resource endowment, economic factor and policy factor as the study of family farm ploughing. The family farm has its own characteristics including the farmer's age, the farmer's education, the farmer's experience, the long term labor force, and the 4 indexes of the long-term labor force; the resource endowment includes the cultivated land area of the family farm and the geomorphic characteristics of 2 indexes; the economic factors include the annual rent of the cultivated land and the annual sales of agricultural production. Total product value, agricultural production input, manpower input 4 indicators, policy factors including obtaining support funds, loan funds, cultivated land transfer years, farmland transfer mode of 4 indicators. This study used SPSS20.0 to study regional family farm farmland "non grain" utilization of descriptive statistical analysis, in order to explore different landform area family farm land. "Non grain" use of the influence factors, established the corresponding two yuan Logistic regression model, and put forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the family farms in the hilly area of Rongchang and the middle and low mountain areas of Qijiang all have a high degree of "non grain" appearance, and the proportion of "non grain" management is 82.09% and 90, respectively. 6%, it can be seen that the "non grain" phenomenon of family farms in middle and low mountain areas is more prominent. (2) there are obvious differences in cultivated land use of family farms in different geomorphologic areas. Under the condition of other factors, the main consideration of terrain factors is that the scale of household farm operation in Qijiang district is less than that of Rongchang District, the cost of agricultural mechanization, manpower cost, land cost and so on. Higher than the Rongchang area. (3) the irrational use of cultivated land in Chongqing family farm shows the unreasonable phenomenon. In all the survey samples, 42.75% of the family farm land is used for planting, here also includes planting fruit trees, seedlings and so on, 57.25% of family farms use cultivated land for livestock farming. (4) analysis of 131 effective samples, found to affect family farmers. The main factors of "non grain" utilization of field cultivated land are: Farmers' education level, geomorphic characteristics, annual sales of agricultural products, agricultural production input, farmers' education, the annual sales of agricultural products and agricultural production input are positively related to the "non grain" benefit of farmland in the family farm, and the family farms in the middle and low mountain areas are more than the hills. The family farm in the district is more inclined to "non grain" utilization. (5) analysis of 67 effective samples in Rongchang hilly area, and found that the main factors affecting the "non grain" utilization of the cultivated land in the family farm are the main factors of the farmers' education, the annual sales of agricultural products, the input of agricultural production, the annual rents of cultivated land, the farmer's education, and the annual sales of agricultural products. And the agricultural production input is positively related to the "non grain" utilization of the cultivated land in the family farm, which is consistent with the analysis results of the total sample. The annual rent of the cultivated land is also the main influence factor of the "non grain" utilization of the cultivated land in the hilly area. The higher the rents of the cultivated land, the more inclined to use the "non grain". (6) analysis of the utilization of the farmland. 64 effective samples in the middle and low mountain areas of Qijiang found that the main factors affecting the "non grain" utilization of farmland in the family farm were the degree of farmers' education, the annual sales of agricultural products, the input of agricultural production, the long-term labor force, the manpower input, the education degree of the farmers, the annual sales of agricultural products and the agricultural production input and family farm ploughing. The "non grain" utilization of the land is positively correlated with the results of the analysis of the total sample. It is different that the number of long-term labor force is the main influence factor of the "non grain" utilization of the farm cultivated land in the middle and low mountain areas, the longer the quantity of labor force, the more human investment, the more the farmland is inclined to use the "non grain". The trend of "non grain" utilization of cultivated land in the family farm is suggested. It is suggested to establish a new grain production fund to encourage farmers to operate grain crops, to promote grain agricultural insurance, to relieve the worries of family farms, to strengthen the control of the use of cultivated land, to standardize the land circulation market, to lead the flow to rationalization of the price, and to strengthen the training of family farmers. Guide.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.211

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