【摘要】：(目的)本文旨在飼喂不同物理形態(tài)的開(kāi)食料,在濕熱條件下,探究其對(duì)犢牛生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、瘤胃發(fā)酵指標(biāo)以及血液生化指標(biāo)的影響。(方法)試驗(yàn)采用36頭荷斯坦母犢牛,隨機(jī)分為3組。分別自由采食顆粒狀開(kāi)食料(PSA;n=12)、粉末狀開(kāi)食料(PSB;n=12)和多顆粒狀開(kāi)食料(TS;n=12)。試驗(yàn)期63天,其中1-42天為正常飼喂牛奶時(shí)期;43-49天為減奶時(shí)期;50-63天為斷奶后飼喂期。在第0、42、49以及63日齡晨飼前進(jìn)行采血和稱(chēng)重,第49和63日齡晨飼前胃管法采集瘤胃液。試驗(yàn)期間每天記錄采食量和溫濕度指數(shù)。(結(jié)果)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明在濕熱環(huán)境下:1)減奶期和斷奶后2周TS組開(kāi)食料干物質(zhì)采食量、日增重和重料比高于PSA和PSB組,PSB組最低(P0.05)。2)TS組犢牛初始反芻日齡較PSA組提前3.8天,較PSB組提前4.7天(P0.05)。63日齡時(shí),TS組瘤胃液氨氮濃度顯著低于PSA組(P0.05)。3)42日齡時(shí)PSA組犢牛血清IgG含量顯著高于TS組(P0.05)。4)PSA和TS組犢牛初始腹瀉日齡較PSB約晚2天,TS組腹瀉率最低。試驗(yàn)使用12頭公犢隨機(jī)分到3個(gè)處理組中,利用點(diǎn)收糞法,用iNDF和鹽酸不溶性灰分作為內(nèi)源性指示劑測(cè)定消化率,結(jié)果表明多顆粒飼料組的犢牛對(duì)飼料干物質(zhì)和粗蛋白的消化率最低,可能是因?yàn)槎囝w粒飼料中完整顆粒的燕麥以及大顆粒的高硬度玉米導(dǎo)致的。(結(jié)論)多顆粒飼料較顆粒飼料和粉料更能促進(jìn)犢牛的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effects of different physical forms of raw food on growth and development of calves, rumen fermentation index and blood biochemical index under the condition of damp and heat. (methods) 36 Holstein calves were randomly divided into 3 groups. They were fed with granular (PSAN), powdered (PSB) and polygranular (TSN) respectively. The experiment period was 63 days, of which 1-42 days was the normal feeding period, 43-49 days was the reduced milk period and 50-63 days was the post-weaning feeding period. The blood was collected and weighed before morning feeding on the 0th and 63rd day, and the rumen fluid was collected by the stomach tube method before the 42d and 63rd days. Daily feed intake and temperature and humidity index were recorded during the experiment. (results) the results showed that the initial ruminant age of TS group was 3.8 days earlier than that of PSA group, and the daily gain and feed weight ratio of TS group were higher than that of PSA and PSB group (P 0.05) in the weaning period and 2 weeks after weaning, the results showed that the initial ruminant age of TS group was 3.8 days earlier than that of PSA group. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid in TS group was significantly lower than that in PSA group (P0.05) at 42 days (P0.05) days earlier than that in PSB group 4.7 days (P0.05) .63 days earlier than that in TS group (P0.05). The serum IgG content in PSA group was significantly higher than that in TS group (P0.05) 4 days earlier than that in TS group (P0.05) and that in TS group was about 2 days later than that in PSB group. Twelve male calves were randomly divided into three treatment groups. The digestibility was determined by using iNDF and hydrochloric acid insoluble ash as endogenous indicators. The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein was the lowest in the multi-pellet feed group, which may be caused by the complete oats in the multi-pellet feed and the high-hardness corn in the large grain diet. Conclusion Multi-pellet feed can promote the growth and development of calves more than pellet feed and powder.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S823.5

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