水稻非選擇性陽(yáng)離子通道離子轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率的遺傳多樣性分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 21:40
【摘要】：在我國(guó)南方的重金屬污染區(qū)域,稻米中的鎘(Cd)含量在基因型間、區(qū)域間和年份間有顯著的差異,根、莖、葉等營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官中的Cd含量在基因型間也有顯著差別。水稻各個(gè)器官對(duì)Cd的吸收需要經(jīng)過多種途徑將其轉(zhuǎn)移和累積到籽粒中,非選擇性陽(yáng)離子通道(NSCCs)是水稻吸收轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)Cd的重要途徑之一。本文以多個(gè)水稻基因型為材料,對(duì)水稻非選擇性陽(yáng)離子通道離子轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率的遺傳多樣性進(jìn)行了分析,得出以下結(jié)論:1、NSCCs對(duì)水稻幼苗Cd2+的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率在基因型間有很大的差異。營(yíng)養(yǎng)液中加入0.2mmol/L的La Cl3,能使23個(gè)水稻基因型幼苗根系和地上部分的Cd含量顯著下降,NSCCs抑制劑對(duì)低積累水稻基因型根系Cd積累的抑制效果顯著高于高積累水稻基因型。說(shuō)明NSCCs對(duì)高積累基因型幼苗根系Cd積累量的貢獻(xiàn)率低于低積累基因型,但NSCCs對(duì)地上部分Cd積累量的貢獻(xiàn)率在23個(gè)水稻基因型之間并無(wú)明顯差異。2、鎘脅迫環(huán)境中,離體稻穗穗軸和籽粒中的Cd積累量以及它們之間的Cd轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)在基因型間有顯著差異。穗軸和籽粒中的Cd積累量隨著處理液中Cd濃度(1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/L)的增加而增長(zhǎng),高積累基因型和低積累基因型在穗軸中的Cd含量分別相差10.37倍、9.79倍、12.14倍;在籽粒中的Cd含量分別相差4.31倍、3.94倍和11.11倍。穗軸Cd向籽粒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)(TF)在基因型間也有顯著差異,1號(hào)(鐵桿烏)、8號(hào)(三百粒)和72號(hào)(粳7623)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系數(shù)低且穩(wěn)定,70號(hào)(IR661-1)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系數(shù)高而穩(wěn)定。3、在鎘脅迫環(huán)境中,離體葉片的失綠速率、Cd積累量和NSCCs的Cd轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率在基因型間有顯著差異。在Cd濃度為0.1~1.0mg/L的溶液中脅迫5天,離體葉片中的葉綠素總量隨著Cd2+濃度的增加而呈現(xiàn)出不同程度的下降趨勢(shì),和對(duì)照相比,低積累基因型葉綠素含量的下降幅度均高于高積累基因型。在Cd濃度為1.0~2.0mg/L的溶液中脅迫5小時(shí),離體葉片中的Cd積累量隨著溶液中Cd2+濃度的增加而增加,大部分高積累水稻基因型離體葉片的Cd積累量高于低積累基因型。NSCCs對(duì)離體葉片Cd積累量的貢獻(xiàn)率在不同基因型間有顯著差異。4、在自然環(huán)境中,土壤鎘含量、生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)、降雨量、基因型共同決定著稻米中的Cd含量,晚稻基因型的稻米Cd含量和其他元素含量都顯著高于早稻基因型。水稻根系土壤Cd含量隨著生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)的變化而變化,從7月的0.13~0.19mg/kg增加到10月的0.85~1.48 mg/kg。Cd以及K、Mg、Fe和Mn在晚稻的籽粒和穗軸中的含量大大高于早稻。但晚稻籽粒中Ca和Zn含量低于早稻籽粒。許多元素在穗軸中的濃度比籽粒中高約2-10倍。低Cd積累基因型穗軸中的Cd濃度及其進(jìn)入稻米的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)率都比高Cd積累基因型低。在Cd含量不同的試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)收獲的水稻籽粒中,Cd與Mn含量之間具有顯著關(guān)系。不同的降雨量是導(dǎo)致早稻和晚稻之間的表層土壤和籽粒中Cd含量變化的關(guān)鍵因素。
[Abstract]:In the heavy metal polluted areas of southern China, the CD (Cd) content in rice was significantly different among genotypes, regions and years, and CD content in root, stem, leaf and other vegetative organs was also significantly different among genotypes. CD uptake by various organs of rice needs to be transferred and accumulated into grain through many ways. The non-selective cationic channel (NSCCs) is one of the important ways for rice to absorb and transport CD. In this paper, the genetic diversity of ion transport efficiency of non-selective cationic channels in rice was analyzed by using several rice genotypes as materials. The following conclusions are drawn: the contribution rate of Cd2 uptake and transport to rice seedlings by 1: 1 NSCCs is significantly different among genotypes. The CD content in root and aboveground parts of 23 rice genotypes could be significantly decreased by adding 0.2mmol/L into nutrient solution. The inhibition effect of NSCCs inhibitor on CD accumulation in root system of low accumulation rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of high accumulation rice genotypes. The results showed that the contribution rate of NSCCs to CD accumulation in roots of high accumulation genotypes was lower than that of low accumulation genotypes, but the contribution rate of NSCCs to CD accumulation in aboveground parts was not significantly different among 23 rice genotypes. There were significant differences in CD accumulation in panicle axis and grain and CD transfer coefficient between them among genotypes in vitro. CD accumulation in panicle and grain increased with the increase of CD concentration (1.0 ~ (1.5) mg/L), CD content of high accumulation genotype and low accumulation genotype in panicle increased 10.37 times 9.79 times and 12.14 times, respectively. CD content in grain was 4.31 times 3.94 times and 11.11 times respectively. The translocation coefficient of CD from spike axis to grain was also significantly different among genotypes. The transport coefficients of 1 (Feilanwu), 8 (300 grains) and 72 (japonica 7623) were low and stable, and the transport coefficient of IR661-1 was high and stable. There were significant differences between genotypes in CD accumulation and CD transport rate of NSCCs in leaves in vitro. Under the stress of CD concentration of 0.1~1.0mg/L for 5 days, the total chlorophyll content in leaves decreased with the increase of Cd2 concentration, compared with the control. The decrease of chlorophyll content in low accumulation genotype was higher than that in high accumulation genotype. CD accumulation in leaves increased with the increase of Cd2 concentration in the solution with CD concentration of 1.0~2.0mg/L for 5 hours. CD accumulation in leaves of most high accumulation rice genotypes was higher than that of low accumulation genotypes. NSCCs contributed significantly to CD accumulation in isolated leaves. 4. In natural environment, CD content in soil, growing season and rainfall were significantly different between different genotypes. The CD content of late rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of early rice genotypes, and the CD content of late rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of early rice genotypes. The content of CD in root soil of rice increased from July 0.13~0.19mg/kg to 0.85 mg/kg.Cd in October, and the contents of K _ (2) MgC _ (Fe) and mn in grain and spikes of late rice were much higher than that of early rice. However, the contents of Ca and Zn in the grain of late rice were lower than those in early rice. The concentrations of many elements in spikes were about 2-10 times higher than in grains. CD concentration in the cob of low CD accumulation genotype and its transport rate into rice were lower than those in high CD accumulation genotype. There was a significant relationship between the contents of CD and mn in the grains of rice harvested at different experimental sites with different CD content. Different rainfall was the key factor to change CD content in surface soil and grain between early rice and late rice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津農(nóng)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511
本文編號(hào)：2160836
[Abstract]:In the heavy metal polluted areas of southern China, the CD (Cd) content in rice was significantly different among genotypes, regions and years, and CD content in root, stem, leaf and other vegetative organs was also significantly different among genotypes. CD uptake by various organs of rice needs to be transferred and accumulated into grain through many ways. The non-selective cationic channel (NSCCs) is one of the important ways for rice to absorb and transport CD. In this paper, the genetic diversity of ion transport efficiency of non-selective cationic channels in rice was analyzed by using several rice genotypes as materials. The following conclusions are drawn: the contribution rate of Cd2 uptake and transport to rice seedlings by 1: 1 NSCCs is significantly different among genotypes. The CD content in root and aboveground parts of 23 rice genotypes could be significantly decreased by adding 0.2mmol/L into nutrient solution. The inhibition effect of NSCCs inhibitor on CD accumulation in root system of low accumulation rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of high accumulation rice genotypes. The results showed that the contribution rate of NSCCs to CD accumulation in roots of high accumulation genotypes was lower than that of low accumulation genotypes, but the contribution rate of NSCCs to CD accumulation in aboveground parts was not significantly different among 23 rice genotypes. There were significant differences in CD accumulation in panicle axis and grain and CD transfer coefficient between them among genotypes in vitro. CD accumulation in panicle and grain increased with the increase of CD concentration (1.0 ~ (1.5) mg/L), CD content of high accumulation genotype and low accumulation genotype in panicle increased 10.37 times 9.79 times and 12.14 times, respectively. CD content in grain was 4.31 times 3.94 times and 11.11 times respectively. The translocation coefficient of CD from spike axis to grain was also significantly different among genotypes. The transport coefficients of 1 (Feilanwu), 8 (300 grains) and 72 (japonica 7623) were low and stable, and the transport coefficient of IR661-1 was high and stable. There were significant differences between genotypes in CD accumulation and CD transport rate of NSCCs in leaves in vitro. Under the stress of CD concentration of 0.1~1.0mg/L for 5 days, the total chlorophyll content in leaves decreased with the increase of Cd2 concentration, compared with the control. The decrease of chlorophyll content in low accumulation genotype was higher than that in high accumulation genotype. CD accumulation in leaves increased with the increase of Cd2 concentration in the solution with CD concentration of 1.0~2.0mg/L for 5 hours. CD accumulation in leaves of most high accumulation rice genotypes was higher than that of low accumulation genotypes. NSCCs contributed significantly to CD accumulation in isolated leaves. 4. In natural environment, CD content in soil, growing season and rainfall were significantly different between different genotypes. The CD content of late rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of early rice genotypes, and the CD content of late rice genotypes was significantly higher than that of early rice genotypes. The content of CD in root soil of rice increased from July 0.13~0.19mg/kg to 0.85 mg/kg.Cd in October, and the contents of K _ (2) MgC _ (Fe) and mn in grain and spikes of late rice were much higher than that of early rice. However, the contents of Ca and Zn in the grain of late rice were lower than those in early rice. The concentrations of many elements in spikes were about 2-10 times higher than in grains. CD concentration in the cob of low CD accumulation genotype and its transport rate into rice were lower than those in high CD accumulation genotype. There was a significant relationship between the contents of CD and mn in the grains of rice harvested at different experimental sites with different CD content. Different rainfall was the key factor to change CD content in surface soil and grain between early rice and late rice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津農(nóng)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511
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