【摘要】：茄子已成為福建省重要蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。2015年,福建省茄子總栽培面積約為25175 hm2,總產(chǎn)量超過(guò)185萬(wàn)t,產(chǎn)值約70億元。然而,福建茄子生產(chǎn)卻面臨著多種自然災(zāi)害的威脅,包括霜凍、臺(tái)風(fēng)、暴雨等。尤其是2016年1月的低溫霜凍,給閩東以及閩南的春早熟設(shè)施茄子造成了嚴(yán)重的損失,泉州以北的春早熟設(shè)施茄子幾乎全軍覆沒。本研究調(diào)查了福建省茄子生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀,提出了相應(yīng)發(fā)展建議;并針對(duì)福建省冬春茄子栽培遇到的低溫霜凍問(wèn)題,通過(guò)試驗(yàn)篩選出3個(gè)耐低溫茄子種質(zhì)(品種)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.通過(guò)對(duì)福建省茄子栽培的區(qū)域分布、種植規(guī)模、主要品種、栽培技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和病蟲危害等進(jìn)行調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)福建省以長(zhǎng)茄栽培為主,茄子栽培分為露地栽培和設(shè)施栽培2種形式。露地栽培面積約為18260 hm2,占茄子總栽培面積的73%;設(shè)施栽培類型主要以塑料大棚為主,約占總栽培面積的27%。設(shè)施栽培較露地栽培,茄子品質(zhì)好,產(chǎn)量高,病蟲害較輕,有較強(qiáng)的抵抗自然災(zāi)害的能力,應(yīng)繼續(xù)推廣。福建省茄子種植形式多樣,使福建各地不同時(shí)期均有茄子供應(yīng)市場(chǎng),做到了周年供應(yīng)。但是,福建省茄子生產(chǎn)也存在著品種類型單一、重茬嚴(yán)重、低溫霜凍等問(wèn)題。2.將36個(gè)茄子種質(zhì)(品種)及組合在低溫中脅迫處理12 h,然后分析各種質(zhì)(品種)及組合的低溫傷害指數(shù)和電解質(zhì)外滲率。結(jié)果表明,T40、T41、T43的低溫傷害指數(shù)都低于0.20,低溫傷害程度最低,為耐低溫種質(zhì)(品種);而T58×65、T63×54的低溫傷害指數(shù)都達(dá)到了最大值1.00,低溫傷害程度最大,為不耐低溫組合。根據(jù)電解質(zhì)外滲率篩選茄子耐低溫種質(zhì)(品種)效率低、易遺漏,而低溫傷害指數(shù)更適合于茄子耐低溫種質(zhì)(品種)的篩選。3.將篩選出的3個(gè)耐低溫種質(zhì)(品種)(T40、T41、T43)和兩個(gè)不耐低溫組合(T58×65、T63×54)分別進(jìn)行15℃、9℃、3℃、-3℃溫度處理12h,然后測(cè)定各項(xiàng)生理生化指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明,耐低溫茄子種質(zhì)(品種)T40、T41和T43的可溶性糖、葉綠素、類黃酮等含量高于其他兩個(gè)不耐低溫組合,而丙二醛和自由水含量較低,這進(jìn)一步證明了 T40、T41和T43的耐低溫特性。
[Abstract]:Eggplant has become one of the important vegetable industries in Fujian Province. In 2015, the total cultivated area of eggplant in Fujian Province was about 25175 hm ~ 2, the total yield exceeded 1.85 million tons, and the output value was about 7 billion yuan. However, the production of eggplant in Fujian is threatened by many kinds of natural disasters, including frost, typhoon, rainstorm and so on. In particular, the low temperature frost in January 2016 caused serious losses to the spring precocious eggplant in the east of Fujian and the south of Fujian, and almost completely destroyed the spring precocious eggplant north of Quanzhou. The present situation of eggplant production in Fujian Province was investigated, and the corresponding development suggestions were put forward, and three varieties of eggplant germplasm (varieties) with low temperature tolerance were selected according to the low temperature frost problem encountered in the cultivation of winter and spring eggplant in Fujian Province. The main results are as follows: 1. Based on the investigation of the regional distribution, planting scale, main varieties, cultivation techniques, economic benefits and pests and diseases of eggplant cultivation in Fujian Province, it was found that the cultivation of eggplant in Fujian Province was dominated by long eggplant cultivation. Eggplant cultivation can be divided into two forms: open field cultivation and protected cultivation. The cultivation area of open field is about 18260 mm ~ 2, which accounts for 73% of the total cultivation area of eggplant, and the main type of protected cultivation is plastic shed, accounting for 27% of the total cultivated area. Compared with outdoor cultivation, eggplant has better quality, higher yield, lighter pests and diseases and stronger ability to resist natural disasters, so it should continue to be popularized. The variety of eggplant planting in Fujian Province makes the eggplant supply market in different periods in Fujian province, and the annual supply is achieved. However, there are some problems in eggplant production in Fujian Province, such as single variety type, severe stubble, low temperature frost and so on. 36 eggplant germplasm (varieties) and combinations were treated under low temperature stress for 12 hours, then the low temperature injury index and electrolyte exosmosis rate of all kinds of eggplant germplasm (cultivars) and combinations were analyzed. The results showed that the low temperature injury index of T40, T41, T43 was lower than 0.20, the degree of low temperature injury was the lowest, and the low temperature injury index of T58 脳 65, T63 脳 54 had reached the maximum value of 1.00, and the degree of low temperature injury was the largest, which was the combination of low temperature tolerance. The low temperature tolerance germplasm (variety) of eggplant was selected according to the electrolyte exosmosis rate, and the low temperature injury index was more suitable for the screening of eggplant germplasm (variety) with low temperature tolerance. Three chilling tolerant germplasm (T40T41T43) and two intolerant combinations (T58 脳 65T63 脳 54) were treated at 15 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2150648