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多代近交對(duì)三疣梭子蟹能量代謝影響的研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-07-14 14:31
【摘要】:三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)是我國(guó)重要的大型海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)蟹類,經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值高,已經(jīng)成我國(guó)重要的沿海地區(qū)漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象,2015年三疣梭子蟹養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量達(dá)117,772噸。由于三疣梭子蟹野生苗種的減少,為滿足養(yǎng)殖需要苗種不得不依靠人工蓄養(yǎng)的親本提供。因此可不避免地造成了三疣梭子蟹群體內(nèi)近交。然而近交增加了子代基因純合度和隱形有害基因突顯的機(jī)會(huì),導(dǎo)致三疣梭子蟹重要經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的衰退。本研究系統(tǒng)地研究了近交對(duì)三疣梭子蟹氧化磷酸化代謝和碳水化合物代謝關(guān)鍵酶及其基因表達(dá)的影響,為進(jìn)一步理解近交衰退的機(jī)制提供重要的基礎(chǔ)信息。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.三疣梭子蟹氧化磷酸化代謝在家系近交中的變化分析為探究近交對(duì)三疣梭子蟹氧化磷酸化代謝的影響,首先采用RACE技術(shù)克隆獲得三疣梭子蟹線粒體呼吸鏈5個(gè)復(fù)合體關(guān)鍵亞基基因的c DNA全長(zhǎng)序列,并對(duì)這些基因序列進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析。三疣梭子蟹線粒體呼吸鏈復(fù)合體Ⅰ亞基基因c DNA序列全長(zhǎng)為1005bp,包含705bp的ORF,編碼234個(gè)氨基酸,該蛋白是復(fù)合體Ⅰ的核心亞基Ndufv2,命名為pt Ndufv2;復(fù)合體Ⅱ亞基基因c DNA序列全長(zhǎng)為915bp,包含540bp的ORF,編碼由179個(gè)氨基酸組成的復(fù)合體Ⅱ關(guān)鍵亞基SDHC,命名為pt SDHC;復(fù)合體Ⅲ亞基基因c DNA序列全長(zhǎng)為2371bp,包含942bp的ORF,編碼由313個(gè)氨基酸組成的Cytc1亞基,命名為pt Cytochrome c1;復(fù)合體Ⅳ亞基基因c DNA序列全長(zhǎng)為1171bp,包含318bp的ORF,編碼由105個(gè)氨基酸組成的COX6B亞基,命名為pt COX6B;復(fù)合體Ⅴ亞基基因F-ATPaseβ基因的c DNA序列全長(zhǎng)為1965bp,包含1053bp的ORF,編碼一個(gè)由350個(gè)氨基酸組成的ATP合酶β亞基,命名為pt F-ATPaseβ。這些基因與相近的物種同源性較高,在進(jìn)化上也表現(xiàn)出較高的保守性,可為其他海洋生物相關(guān)的研究提供參考。分析了不同近交世代家系三疣梭子蟹的肝胰腺和心臟中線粒體呼吸鏈5個(gè)復(fù)合體活力,并采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR技術(shù)分析這些復(fù)合體基因在不同近交世代家系三疣梭子蟹的肝胰腺和心臟中的表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果表明近交造成了三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺中全部5個(gè)復(fù)合體活力及其亞基基因的衰退,心臟中除復(fù)合體II之外4個(gè)復(fù)合體活力及其亞基基因的衰退,這一結(jié)果證實(shí)了近交衰退出現(xiàn)在了三疣梭子蟹氧化磷酸化代謝通路之中。2.三疣梭子蟹碳水化合物代謝在家系近交中的變化分析為分析三疣梭子蟹碳水化合物代謝在家系近交中的變化,本研究檢測(cè)了不同近交世代家系的三疣梭子蟹碳水化合物代謝關(guān)鍵酶的活力及糖原含量,分析近交對(duì)其代謝酶活力的影響。利用RT-PCR的方法檢測(cè)了這些關(guān)鍵酶m RNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)的變化,分析近交對(duì)其基因表達(dá)的影響。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示隨近交系數(shù)的增加,肝胰腺和肌肉中的己糖激酶(HK)活力顯著下降,丙酮酸脫氫酶(PK)在鰓和血清中也呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),同時(shí)兩者基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量表現(xiàn)出和酶活同樣的下降趨勢(shì),這表明了三疣梭子蟹糖酵解代謝的衰退;肌肉和鰓中琥珀酸脫氫酶(SDH)活力隨著近交系數(shù)的增加不斷增強(qiáng),這說(shuō)明三疣梭子蟹有氧代謝水平隨近交不斷增強(qiáng)。然而SDH基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量還是呈現(xiàn)衰退趨勢(shì),這表明近交不可避免的造成了三疣梭子蟹有氧代謝關(guān)鍵基因(SDH)的衰退;乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)酶活力隨近交系數(shù)的增加沒(méi)有顯著變化,而LDH基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量卻呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),說(shuō)明近交對(duì)三疣梭子蟹無(wú)氧代謝有著不利的影響。該結(jié)果證實(shí)了近交造成了三疣梭子蟹碳水化合物代謝的衰退。3.三疣梭子蟹同家系大小個(gè)體之間碳水化合物代謝的差異為分析體重分化與碳水化合物代謝之間的關(guān)系,本研究通過(guò)酶活檢測(cè)與RTPCR技術(shù),檢測(cè)了三疣梭子蟹同一近交家系中大小個(gè)體中碳水化合物代謝關(guān)鍵酶的活力及其基因相對(duì)表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果顯示三疣梭子蟹大小個(gè)體在碳水化合物代謝方面有著顯著的差異:F6代中大個(gè)體肝胰腺和肌肉中及F10代肌肉中的HK活力顯著高于小個(gè)體;F6代大個(gè)體中肝胰腺、肌肉和鰓及F10代肝胰腺和鰓的PK活力顯著顯著高于小個(gè)體。這表明,無(wú)論是F6還是F10代中,三疣梭子蟹大個(gè)體的糖酵解代謝相對(duì)于小個(gè)體要旺盛,分解利用碳水化合物的能力強(qiáng)。F6代大個(gè)體肝胰腺和鰓中及F10代的鰓中的SDH活力顯著高于小個(gè)體,表明三疣梭子蟹大個(gè)體的肝胰腺和鰓中的有氧代謝水平相對(duì)于小個(gè)體較高。F6代中大個(gè)體肝胰腺和鰓中的LDH活力顯著高于小個(gè)體,這說(shuō)明大個(gè)體無(wú)氧代謝的水平較小個(gè)體強(qiáng)。大個(gè)體的肝糖原和肌糖原含量均顯著高于小個(gè)體,這說(shuō)明大個(gè)體貯存的糖原較多,推測(cè)其血糖水平也較高,揭示了其生長(zhǎng)較快的原因。4.三疣梭子蟹酵母雙雜交c DNA文庫(kù)的構(gòu)建及Pt F-ATPaseβ互作蛋白的初步篩選本實(shí)驗(yàn)在Clontech公司構(gòu)建了三疣梭子蟹酵母雙雜交三框讀碼c DNA文庫(kù),該文庫(kù)各質(zhì)量參數(shù)均達(dá)標(biāo),且插入片段大小分布廣泛,多樣性良好,可用于利用酵母雙雜交技術(shù)篩選關(guān)鍵基因的互作蛋白。為解析三疣梭子蟹ATP合酶β亞基蛋白F-ATPaseβ的功能,本實(shí)驗(yàn)運(yùn)用In-Fusion Cloning技術(shù)和Yeastmaker Yeast Transformation技術(shù),構(gòu)建了p GBKT7-Pt ATPaseβ誘餌載體。并利用酵母雙雜交技術(shù)在三疣梭子蟹酵母雙雜交三框讀碼c DNA文庫(kù)中初步篩選出ATP合酶β亞基蛋白的互作蛋白。經(jīng)過(guò)高度缺陷培養(yǎng)基的篩選、三框讀碼、回復(fù)雜交、測(cè)序及生物信息學(xué)分析,獲得三疣梭子蟹ATP合酶β亞基蛋白的互作蛋白如下:延伸因子2(elongation factor 2)、法尼酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(Farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase)、60S核糖體蛋白L37-A(Probable 60S ribosomal protein L37-A)、核酸反轉(zhuǎn)錄酶樣蛋白(endonuclease-reverse transcriptase-like protein)、動(dòng)力蛋白激活蛋白亞基3(dynactin subunit 3-like)、細(xì)胞色素c氧化酶亞基VIb/cox12(putative cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb/cox12)、蛋白磷酸酶1調(diào)節(jié)亞基3C(Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C)、線粒體NADH脫氫酶[輔酶]1β亞基2(NADH dehydrogenase[ubiquinone]1 beta subcomplex subunit 2,mitochondrial)、S-methyl-5-thioribose激酶(S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase)、偽裝樣蛋白(masquerade-like protein)、假定蛋白(hypothetical protein)。推測(cè),三疣梭子蟹F-ATPaseβ蛋白的功能可能涉及到氧化磷酸化、蛋白質(zhì)合成、糖原代謝、有絲分裂及滲透壓調(diào)節(jié)等生物學(xué)過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:Portunus trituberculatus (Portunus) is an important large marine economic crab in China and has high economic value. It has become an important fishery culture object in the coastal areas of China. In 2015, the production of three warts of the shuttle crab was 117772 tons. Because of the decrease of the wild seedling of the three verruca crabs, it has to rely on artificial storage for the cultivation of the seedlings to meet the needs of the seedlings. In this study, the acidification and carbohydrate metabolism and carbohydrates of the three Clostridium crabs were systematically studied in this study. The inbreeding resulted in the inbreeding of the three Clostridium crabs. However, inbreeding increased the chances of the homozygosity of the progeny and the invisibility of the hidden harmful genes, which resulted in the decline of the important economic characters of the three Clostridium crabs. The effects of metabolic key enzymes and their gene expression provide important basic information for further understanding of the mechanism of inbreeding. The specific content of the study is as follows: 1. analysis of the changes in oxidative phosphorylation in the pedigree of the portunus verruca three in order to explore the effect of inbreeding on the oxidative phosphorylation of the three shuttle crab, first of which was cloned by RACE Technology The C DNA full length sequence of the key subunit gene of the 5 complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of the portunus verruca was obtained, and the sequence of these genes was analyzed by bioinformatics. The total length of the C DNA sequence of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I gene of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex of the portunus verruca was 1005bp, including the ORF of 705bp and the coding of 234 amino acids, which was the nucleus of the complex I. The heart subunit Ndufv2, named Pt Ndufv2, the C DNA sequence of the complex II subunit of the complex is 915bp, contains 540bp ORF, encodes the key subunit of the complex of 179 amino acids, SDHC, named Pt SDHC; the complex III subunit gene contains the entire length of the sequence, encodes the subunit consisting of 313 amino acids. Pt Cytochrome C1, C DNA sequence of complex IV subunit, 1171bp, ORF of 318bp, and COX6B subunit of 105 amino acids, named Pt COX6B. The genes are named Pt F-ATPase beta. These genes have high homology with similar species and exhibit higher conservatism in evolution. They can provide reference for other marine related studies. The activity of 5 complexes of mitochondrial respiratory chain in the hepatopancreas and heart of three Portunus verruca from different inbred families was analyzed, and real-time fluorescence was used. Quantitative PCR technique was used to analyze the expression of these complex genes in the hepatopancreas and heart of the portunus verruca three in different inbred lines. The results showed that the activity of all 5 complexes in the hepatopancreas and the subunit genes in the hepatopancreas of three Portunus crabs were caused by inbreeding, and the activity of 4 complexes except the complex II in the heart and its subunit genes in the heart. The results showed that the change of carbohydrate metabolism in.2. three of.2. three of shuttle crabs was analyzed to analyze the changes of carbohydrate metabolism in the pedigrees in the pedigree of the portunus verruca crabs. The results of this study were to detect three warts in the families of different inbred lines. The activity of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and the content of glycogen were analyzed. The changes of the relative expression of these key enzymes, m RNA, were detected by RT-PCR, and the effect of inbreeding on the gene expression was analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of inbreeding coefficient, the hexose in the hepatopancreas and the muscles. The kinase (HK) activity decreased significantly, and the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PK) also showed a downward trend in the gills and serum, and the relative expression of the two genes showed the same downward trend as the enzyme activity, which indicated the decline of glycolysis metabolism of the three warts; the activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in the muscles and gills increased with the increase of inbreeding coefficient. This indicates that the oxygen metabolism level of the three wart crabs increases with the inbreeding. However, the relative expression of SDH gene presents a decline trend, which indicates that inbreeding inevitably leads to the decline of the key gene of oxygen metabolism (SDH) of the portunus crabs, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme does not change significantly with the increase of the inbreeding coefficient, while the LDH gene is not significantly changed. The relative expression showed a downward trend, indicating that inbreeding had an adverse effect on the anaerobic metabolism of three wart crabs. The results confirmed that inbreeding resulted in a decline in carbohydrate metabolism of the shuttle three of the portunus verruca.3.. The difference in carbohydrate metabolism between the same family size individuals of the portunus verruca three was the analysis of body weight differentiation and carbohydrate metabolism. The relationship between the enzyme activity detection and RTPCR technique was used to detect the activity of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and the relative gene expression of the carbohydrate metabolism in the same inbred lines of the three Portunus verruca. The results showed that there were significant differences in carbohydrate metabolism between the size individuals of the three Portunus verruca and the large individual liver in the F6 generation. The HK activity in the pancreas and muscle and the F10 generation muscle was significantly higher than that in the small individuals. The PK activity of the hepatopancreas, the muscles and gills and the gills of the F10 generation and the gill of the F6 generation was significantly higher than that of the small individuals. This indicates that the glycolysis phase of the large individuals of the three wart crabs is exuberant to small individuals in the F6 and F10 generations, and the decomposition and utilization of carbon hydration The activity of SDH in the hepatopancreas and gills and the gills of the gill and F10 generation of the large.F6 generation was significantly higher than that of the small individuals. It showed that the level of aerobic metabolism in the hepatopancreas and gills of the large individuals of the three warts was significantly higher than that of the small individuals in the larger individuals of the.F6 generation of the hepatopancreas and gills, which indicated that the anaerobic metabolism of the large individuals was unoxygened. The levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen in large individuals were significantly higher than those of small individuals, which indicated that the large individuals stored more glycogen and higher blood glucose levels, which revealed the construction of the.4. three hybrid C DNA library for the rapid growth of the verruca verruca and the preliminary screening of the Pt F-ATPase beta interaction protein. The three frame reading code reading code library of three crosses of Portunus verruca was constructed in Clontech company. The quality parameters of the library were all up to the standard, and the size distribution of the inserted fragment was wide and the diversity was good. It could be used to screen the intercrop protein of key genes by yeast two hybrid technique. The work was to analyze the work of ATP synthase beta subunit protein F-ATPase beta of the ATP of the portunus verruca. In this experiment, the P GBKT7-Pt ATPase beta lure carrier was constructed by using In-Fusion Cloning technology and Yeastmaker Yeast Transformation technology. The reciprocal protein of ATP synthase beta subunit protein was preliminarily screened in the three frame reading code c DNA Library of the yeast two hybrid of three verruca. Screening, three frame reading code, replying hybridization, sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the interaction protein of ATP synthase beta subunit protein of Portunus three was obtained as follows: extension factor 2 (elongation factor 2), farnic acid methyl transferase (Farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase), 60S nucleoprotein L37-A (Probable 60S ribosomal protein), nucleic acid reaction Transcriptional enzyme like protein (endonuclease-reverse transcriptase-like protein), protein subunit 3 (dynactin subunit 3-like), cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb/cox12 (putative cytochrome c oxidase), protein phosphatase 1 regulation subunit 1 DH dehydrogenase [coenzyme]1 beta subunit 2 (NADH dehydrogenase[ubiquinone]1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial), S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase (S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase), camouflage like protein (masquerade-like), hypothetical protein, presumably involved in the function of the beta protein of the portunus verruca Biological processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, protein synthesis, glycogen metabolism, mitosis and osmotic pressure regulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:S917.4

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