發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-12 10:42

  本文選題：藜麥 + 活性物質(zhì)��； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：藜麥(Chenopodium quinoa willd)屬藜科藜屬植物,是安第斯山脈重要的糧食作物之一。藜麥具有很高的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值,不僅富含蛋白質(zhì)及鈣、鐵、鋅和維生素E等微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素,而且含有人體所需的全部必需氨基酸,富含多種生物活性物質(zhì),被列為全球十大營(yíng)養(yǎng)食品之一。近年來(lái),我國(guó)不斷從國(guó)外引進(jìn)并種植藜麥,除了在生產(chǎn)上有研究外,藜麥中的活性物質(zhì)也逐漸引起人們的注意,藜麥活性物質(zhì)的提取也成為重要研究課題之一,為此,本研究對(duì)藜麥皂苷、生物堿、黃酮等三種活性物質(zhì)的提取及測(cè)定方法進(jìn)行了比較,具體結(jié)果如下:1.關(guān)于藜麥種子和麩皮皂苷不同提取方法的比較研究,以藜麥種子和麩皮為材料,探討超聲輔助提取法、甲醇回流提取法和乙醇回流提取法三種不同方法的提取溫度、提取時(shí)間、提取液濃度和料液比對(duì)皂苷提取量的影響,在單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)確定最佳提取條件。結(jié)果表明藜麥種子皂苷提取的最佳方法為超聲輔助提取法,最佳提取條件為在60℃溫度,90%乙醇濃度,1:15的料液比條件下提取1.0 h,在此條件下皂苷提取量為5.060 mg/g;藜麥麩皮皂苷提取的最佳方法也是超聲輔助提取法,最佳提取條件為在70℃溫度,90%乙醇濃度,1:15的料液比條件下提取1.5 h,在此條件下皂苷提取量為6.071 mg/g。研究證明超聲輔助提取法適宜提取藜麥皂苷,該研究可為藜麥皂苷的開發(fā)利用提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)參考。2.關(guān)于藜麥種子生物堿不同提取方法的比較研究,以藜麥種子為材料,對(duì)乙醇回流法、超聲波輔助提取法提取及其不同提取條件進(jìn)行了研究,在單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,利用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)考查乙醇濃度、料液比及提取時(shí)間對(duì)藜麥種子生物堿提取量的影響,結(jié)果表明:乙醇回流法提取的最佳條件為:乙醇濃度80%,料液比1:8,提取60min;測(cè)得提取量為2.170mg/g;超聲波輔助提取法提取最佳條件為:乙醇濃度80%,料液比1:6,提取80 min;測(cè)得提取量為2.030 mg/g。相比而言乙醇回流法提取率較高,提取時(shí)間較短,從生物堿提取率和提取時(shí)間的角度考慮可選用乙醇回流法。且乙醇回流法操作快捷方便,所以更適用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用。3.關(guān)于藜麥種子總黃酮含量提取的氯化鋁顯色法和硝酸鋁顯色法兩種方法及其主要影響因素的比較研究,以藜麥種子為材料,在單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,選取乙醇濃度、提取溫度和提取時(shí)間為影響因素,以藜麥種子總黃酮得率為響應(yīng)值進(jìn)行響應(yīng)面分析。結(jié)果表明氯化鋁顯色法的最佳提取條件是在乙醇濃度為71.97%,提取溫度為62.45℃條件下提取1.11h,此時(shí)藜麥黃酮得率為5.322%,誤差為7.68%;硝酸鋁顯色法的最佳提取條件是在乙醇濃度為84.43%,提取溫度為61.13℃條件下提取1.24h時(shí),此時(shí)藜麥黃酮得率為8.799%,誤差為1.24%。最后得出硝酸鋁顯色法誤差小,穩(wěn)定性高,所得總黃酮含量較高,適合于藜麥種子總黃酮含量的提取測(cè)定的結(jié)果。綜上所述,超聲輔助提取法適于提取藜麥皂苷,該研究可為藜麥皂苷的開發(fā)利用提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)參考。對(duì)于藜麥種子生物堿的提取,乙醇回流法提取率較高,提取時(shí)間較短,從生物堿提取率和提取時(shí)間的角度考慮可選用乙醇回流法。且乙醇回流法操作快捷方便,更適用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用。關(guān)于藜麥總黃酮不同顯色劑的研究顯示,硝酸鋁顯色法誤差小,穩(wěn)定性高,所得總黃酮含量較高,適于藜麥種子總黃酮含量的提取和測(cè)定。
[Abstract]:Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) of the genus quinoa, one of the most important food crops in the Andes. Quinoa is of high nutritional value. It is not only rich in protein and calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin E, but also contains all the essential amino acids needed by the human body and rich in many bioactive substances. It is listed as ten of the world. In recent years, China has continuously imported and planted quinoa from abroad. In addition to the research on production, the active substances in quinoa have gradually aroused people's attention, and the extraction of the active substances of quinoa has become one of the most important research topics. Therefore, three active substances, such as quinoa saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids, are extracted from this study. The results are compared and the results are as follows: 1. comparative study on different extraction methods of quinoa seeds and bran saponins. The extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction time, concentration and material of the three different methods of ultrasonic assisted extraction, methanol reflux extraction and ethanol reflux extraction were studied. On the basis of single factor experiment, the optimum extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment on the basis of single factor experiment. The results showed that the best extraction method of saponins from quinoa was ultrasonic assisted extraction. The optimum extraction condition was 60 C, 90% ethanol concentration, and 1 h extraction under the condition of material and liquid ratio at 1:15. Under this condition, the saponins were extracted. The optimum extraction method is 5.060 mg/g. The best extraction method of quinoa bran saponins is ultrasonic assisted extraction. The optimum extraction condition is at 70 C, 90% ethanol concentration and 1.5 h under the condition of 1:15. In this condition, the extraction of saponins is 6.071 mg/g., which proves that the ultrasonic assisted extraction method is suitable for extracting quinoa saponins. The development and utilization of saponins provide theoretical basis and technical reference.2. for comparative study on different extraction methods of quinoa seed alkaloids. With the seed of quinoa as material, ethanol reflux method, ultrasonic assisted extraction and different extraction conditions were studied. On the basis of single factor test, the ethanol concentration was examined by orthogonal experiment. The effect of liquid ratio and extraction time on the extraction of quinoa seed alkaloids showed that the optimum extraction conditions of ethanol reflux method were as follows: ethanol concentration was 80%, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:8, 60min was extracted, the extraction amount was 2.170mg/g, and the optimum extraction conditions were 80%, 80 min and 2 extraction, and the extraction amount was 2. Compared with 30 mg/g., ethanol reflux method has higher extraction rate and shorter extraction time. Ethanol reflux method can be selected from the angle of alkaloid extraction and extraction time. The ethanol reflux method is fast and convenient, so it is more suitable for the application of.3. in the industrial production of aluminum chloride and aluminum nitrate on the extraction of the total yellow ketone content of quinoa seeds Two methods and their main influencing factors were compared. On the basis of the single factor experiment, the concentration of ethanol, the extraction temperature and the extraction time were selected as the influencing factors. The response surface analysis was carried out with the yield of the total flavonoids in the seed of quinoa. The results showed that the optimum extraction condition of the coloration method was in the case of aluminum chloride. The concentration of ethanol was 71.97% and the extraction temperature was 62.45 degrees centigrade. The yield of quinoa was 5.322% and the error was 7.68%. The optimum extraction condition of aluminum nitrate colorimetric method was that when the concentration of ethanol was 84.43% and the extraction temperature was 61.13 centigrade, the yield of quinoa was 8.799%, and the error was 1.24%. and aluminum nitrate was finally obtained by 1.24%.. The color method has the advantages of small error, high stability and high content of total flavonoids, which is suitable for the extraction and determination of the total flavonoids in the seeds of quinoa. To sum up, the ultrasonic assisted extraction is suitable for extracting quinoa saponins. This study can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the development and utilization of quinoa saponins. The extraction rate of the reflux method is high and the extraction time is short. The ethanol reflux method can be selected from the angle of alkaloid extraction and extraction time. And the ethanol reflux method is fast and convenient to operate, and it is more suitable for the application in industrial production. High content of ketone is suitable for extraction and determination of total flavonoids in quinoa seeds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S519

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