發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-05 04:02

  本文選題：聯(lián)合收獲機(jī) + 流量測(cè)量��； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：測(cè)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)作為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的智能裝備,通過獲取田間農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量信息,為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營提供決策�，F(xiàn)有的測(cè)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)通過獲取聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)田間作業(yè)的谷物流量、作業(yè)面積和定位信息,實(shí)現(xiàn)間接測(cè)量農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量。其中對(duì)流量的采集通過沖量法測(cè)量攪龍式輸糧裝置的谷物質(zhì)量流量,以及利用容積法測(cè)量升運(yùn)器刮板式輸糧裝置的谷物體積流量。前者受聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)外部振動(dòng)和田間作業(yè)環(huán)境多變的干擾,目前的研究主要對(duì)流量信號(hào)頻率濾波處理,缺少對(duì)流量信息細(xì)節(jié)分析,使得測(cè)量誤差較大;后者受升運(yùn)器刮板內(nèi)谷物分布和裝置傾斜變化的影響,導(dǎo)致測(cè)量誤差大。為了減小谷物流量測(cè)量誤差,提高北斗定位信息測(cè)量精度,獲取可靠的產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù),本文開展了如下工作。1.獲取產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)中的流量信息和定位信息。針對(duì)攪龍式輸糧結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)了沖量式流量傳感器,在輸糧攪龍出糧口安裝導(dǎo)流板和改進(jìn)傳感器的沖擊板為弧形板,獲取可靠的流量沖擊信息;對(duì)流量傳感器輸出設(shè)計(jì)了流量監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),便于后續(xù)的信號(hào)采集與標(biāo)定。針對(duì)刮板式輸糧結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)了對(duì)射式激光陣列傳感器,通過在升運(yùn)器刮板側(cè)壁安裝多組激光器,將被測(cè)谷物劃分為多個(gè)測(cè)量區(qū)域,減小谷物分布變化造成的測(cè)量誤差。利用北斗定位模塊獲取定位信息,通過位置差分和偽距差分修正系統(tǒng)定位誤差,進(jìn)一步提高位置測(cè)量精度,為繪制精確的產(chǎn)量圖提供依據(jù)。2.谷物流量信息處理方法研究。公開的研究缺乏對(duì)流量信息空間域和時(shí)間域的分析,通過分析流量傳感器輸出信號(hào)頻譜特性,對(duì)信號(hào)中含有的機(jī)械振動(dòng)、傳感器自身噪聲和信號(hào)漂移干擾的頻段進(jìn)一步研究。采用小波分解剔除噪聲信號(hào),根據(jù)流量信息中提取的噪聲特征選擇合適的小波基并確定分解尺度,對(duì)信號(hào)中高頻分量進(jìn)行多尺度分解后濾除,低頻干擾采用閾值處理,將分解信號(hào)重構(gòu)為流量有效信息。3.谷物產(chǎn)量信息的處理。設(shè)計(jì)車載測(cè)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)讀取流量、定位和作業(yè)速度信息,利用單片機(jī)將獲取的信息按時(shí)間序列存儲(chǔ)到SD卡中,產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)由流量和作業(yè)速度與割幅關(guān)系計(jì)算得出。利用計(jì)算機(jī)讀取SD存儲(chǔ)的信息,將計(jì)算的產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到Origin軟件的工作表中,由Origin軟件繪圖工具生成農(nóng)田作業(yè)產(chǎn)量圖。4.車載測(cè)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的試驗(yàn)。通過輸糧攪龍平臺(tái)對(duì)沖量式流量傳感器進(jìn)行標(biāo)定試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)顯示流量測(cè)量相對(duì)誤差最大為1.68%。將測(cè)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)安裝在聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)上進(jìn)行水稻收割試驗(yàn),在輸糧攪龍出口安裝沖量式流量傳感器,獲取定位信息對(duì)應(yīng)的流量。在作業(yè)區(qū)域內(nèi)改變收獲機(jī)作業(yè)速度改變谷物流量,通過計(jì)算收割區(qū)間的谷物質(zhì)量,測(cè)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)在各個(gè)作業(yè)區(qū)間累計(jì)質(zhì)量測(cè)量平均相對(duì)誤差為4.60%,說明小波分解在不同的作業(yè)參數(shù)下,能夠減小噪聲對(duì)流量測(cè)量的影響。根據(jù)測(cè)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)生成的產(chǎn)量圖和人工測(cè)量的產(chǎn)量對(duì)比,產(chǎn)量相對(duì)誤差不超過7.14%,驗(yàn)證了繪制產(chǎn)量圖的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:As the intelligent equipment of modern agriculture, the system of measuring production provides decision-making for agricultural production and management by obtaining the output information of field crops. The existing measurement system can indirectly measure the output of crops by obtaining the grain flow, the operating area and the location information of the field operation of the combined harvester. The quantity method is used to measure the grain mass flow of the grain feeding device and the volume flow measurement of the scraper type grain transport device by the volume method. The former is disturbed by the external vibration of the combined harvester and the changeable environment in the field operation. The current research mainly deals with the frequency filtering of the flow signal, and is short of the detailed analysis of the flow information. The measurement error is large; the latter is influenced by the change of the grain distribution in the scraper and the tilting of the device. In order to reduce the measurement error of the grain flow, improve the accuracy of the measurement of the location information of the Beidou and obtain the reliable output data, the following work.1. is carried out to obtain the flow information and location information in the output data. The impulse flow sensor is designed for the structure of the churning grain, which is installed in the grain outlet of the grain churning dragon and the impact plate of the improved sensor as the arc plate to obtain the reliable flow impact information. The flow monitoring system is designed for the output of the flow sensor so as to facilitate the subsequent collection and demarcation of the letter number. By installing multiple groups of lasers on the side wall of the lift board, the measured grain is divided into several measurement areas to reduce the measurement error caused by the change of grain distribution. The positioning information is obtained by the dipper positioning module, and the positioning error is corrected by the position difference and the pseudo distance difference, and the position is further improved. The measurement accuracy is based on the.2. grain flow information processing method to draw a precise output map. The open research lacks analysis of the spatial and temporal domains of the flow information. By analyzing the spectrum characteristics of the output signal of the flow sensor, the mechanical vibration, the noise of the sensor and the interference of the signal drift in the signal are entered. One step is to remove the noise signal by wavelet decomposition, select the appropriate wavelet base and determine the decomposition scale according to the noise characteristics extracted from the flow information, and filter the high frequency components in the signal after multiscale decomposition. The low frequency interference is processed by the threshold processing, and the decomposition signal is reconstructed into the processing of.3. grain yield information of the effective flow information of the flow. A vehicle measurement system is designed to read the information of flow, location and operation speed. The information obtained by the single chip computer is stored in the SD card according to the time series. The output data is calculated by the relation between the flow rate and the relationship between the work speed and the cutting amplitude. The information of the SD storage is read by the computer, and the output data is imported into the worksheet of the Origin software, and O The rigin software drawing tool generates the experiment of the field production production map.4. vehicle production system. The test shows that the relative error of the flow measurement is maximum of 1.68%. through the grain feeding agitate platform, and the maximum relative error of the flow measurement is 1.68%., which is installed on the combined harvester to carry out the rice harvest test, and is installed and washed at the export of the grain churning dragon outlet. The volume flow sensor is used to obtain the corresponding flow of location information. Change the speed of the harvester to change the grain flow in the operation area. By calculating the grain quality of the harvest interval, the average relative error of the total mass measurement in each operation interval is 4.60%, indicating that the small wave decomposition can reduce the noise under the different operating parameters. The effect of sound on flow measurement. The relative error of output is not more than 7.14% according to the output diagram generated by the storage data of the production system and the output of artificial measurement, which verifies the accuracy of drawing the output map.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S225.3

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