本文選題：樹木構(gòu)型 + 群落垂直結(jié)構(gòu)�。� 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：構(gòu)型配置是植物對環(huán)境的形態(tài)外貌適應(yīng)。大量研究表明,隨著水熱和光線環(huán)境的變化,植物會表現(xiàn)出不同的構(gòu)型策略,從而形成全球尺度上的植物形態(tài)和功能型譜。在局域森林群落中,處于不同垂直層次的樹木也具有構(gòu)型配置模式的差異,其中,光資源獲取和水分運(yùn)輸特征可能是引起這種變化的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。但是,當(dāng)前缺乏對這一群落形態(tài)和構(gòu)型配置現(xiàn)象的生理學(xué)解釋,因而無法檢驗(yàn)是否在群落尺度上也存在樹木的形態(tài)和功能型譜。本研究以浙江天童木荷群落(2個(gè)20×20 m2)和普陀山楓香群落(2個(gè)20×20m2)為研究對象,測定了樣地內(nèi)每木個(gè)體的構(gòu)型性狀(株高、樹冠面積、樹冠厚度、水平枝比例、垂直枝比例等)、光線利用性狀(最大光合速率、光飽和點(diǎn)、光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)、氣孔密度等)、水分利用性狀(導(dǎo)管直徑、干材密度、導(dǎo)水率、邊材比導(dǎo)率、蒸騰速率等)、葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀(比葉面積、葉氮含量、葉干物質(zhì)含量),以及樹干溫度。首先采用線性模型分析了株高和其它構(gòu)型性狀之間的關(guān)系;其次,運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型探索光線利用性狀和水分利用性狀對株高的影響程度,并驗(yàn)證枝葉空間搭配方式是否是樹木對光水利用性狀的一種補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,從而間接影響株高;最后,采用主成分分析,綜合揭示了水分運(yùn)輸和利用性狀、光線利用性狀、葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、樹干日溫差及構(gòu)型性狀之間的相互關(guān)系,建立了群落尺度的樹木形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能型譜。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)兩類群落植物構(gòu)型特征隨垂直層梯度的變化出現(xiàn)顯著分化。垂直枝比例、樹冠面積、樹冠厚度以及木質(zhì)部導(dǎo)管直徑均隨著株高的增大而增大,而0級和1級枝數(shù)量隨株高的增大而減少(p0.05)。該結(jié)果說明株高越高,植物的空間體積越大,外貌特征結(jié)構(gòu)更為緊湊,但解剖構(gòu)型更為疏松。此外,木荷群落中株高較大的個(gè)體配置有更長的葉柄長度及直徑、更大的單葉面積,并且當(dāng)年生葉片數(shù)較多,說明這些性狀的特征有利于植物垂直高度的生長。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)方程分析表明,光線利用性狀和水分利用性狀均對株高產(chǎn)生顯著影響。其中,光飽和點(diǎn)、光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)、導(dǎo)管直徑、葉干物質(zhì)含量、蒸騰速率以及液流通量對株高有顯著正影響(p0.05)。其次,植物可以通過構(gòu)型的調(diào)整而補(bǔ)償植物水分運(yùn)輸性狀以及光線利用性狀的投入消耗,當(dāng)垂直枝比例較大、葉片聚集分布以及當(dāng)年生葉片較少時(shí),可以確保植物具有較大的蒸騰拉力和導(dǎo)管直徑,并且對光資源的利用較為充分,從而有利于水分運(yùn)輸?shù)捷^大高度以及具備較強(qiáng)的光合作用,有利于株高的生長。相反地,水平枝較多、葉片分散分布以及當(dāng)年生葉片較多時(shí),水分運(yùn)輸阻力較大,而蒸騰合力較小,并且對光線利用能力較弱,從而不利于植物生長到較大高度。(3)綜合考慮光線利用性狀和水分利用性狀對株高的影響,兩類群落樹木高度的生理學(xué)機(jī)制存在差異。木荷群落光線利用性狀對株高影響的效應(yīng)大于水分利用性狀,而楓香群落表現(xiàn)出相反的趨勢,說明木荷群落株高主要受光資源的限制,而楓香群落植物高度主要受水資源的限制。(4)基于兩種群落類型構(gòu)建的形態(tài)與功能型譜,存在以株高、葉片分散度、水平枝比例為主的形態(tài)與功能型譜,代表了植物構(gòu)型對溫度變幅以及光水利用的一種補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。在樹干日溫差-株高這一維度的功能型譜中,樹干日溫差變化較小的個(gè)體集中分布于株高較大的一端,但樹干日溫差變化較大的個(gè)體集中分布于株高較矮的一端。在木荷群落中,主要存在液流通量-光飽和點(diǎn)-最大光合速率-葉片分散度和葉氮含量-氣孔導(dǎo)度-水平枝比例這兩個(gè)維度上的植物形態(tài)與功能型譜,表征植物水分運(yùn)輸和光合作用強(qiáng)的性狀集中于葉片聚集分布以及垂直枝比例大的一端,而表征水分運(yùn)輸和光合作用弱的性狀集中于葉片分散分布以及水平枝比例大的一端;而在楓香群落中,基于葉片分散度和水平枝比例這兩個(gè)維度上,僅存在圍繞構(gòu)型為主的植物水分利用能力的功能型譜。(5)綜合兩類群落整株植物的經(jīng)濟(jì)型譜,在局域尺度范圍內(nèi)不存在葉經(jīng)濟(jì)型譜,但存在以株高為主的"保守策略"與"奢侈策略"的功能型譜。奢侈型植物具有大的株高、樹冠和較強(qiáng)的光線利用和水分利用能力;反之,保守型植物株高和樹冠較小,具有較弱的光線利用和水分利用能力。此外,還存在四個(gè)維度的植物形態(tài)與功能型譜,即:葉片水勢-葉柄胡伯爾值-葉比導(dǎo)率(葉片水力經(jīng)濟(jì)型譜)、導(dǎo)水率-氣孔導(dǎo)度-葉片分散度(基于葉片分散度的碳水耦合功能型譜)、葉氮含量-枝條胡伯爾值-葉干物質(zhì)含量-水平枝比例(基于水平枝比例的碳水耦合功能型譜)以及葉柄胡伯爾值-干材密度(基于干材密度的水分利用功能型譜)。(6)不同生活型群落以及不同高度層植物,分別沿著葉片水力經(jīng)濟(jì)型譜以及株高經(jīng)濟(jì)型譜出現(xiàn)明顯分化,常綠木荷群落相對落葉楓香群落植物葉片具有更大的水分利用能力,高個(gè)體植物傾向于"奢侈型策略"的一端,而矮個(gè)體出現(xiàn)在"保守型策略"的一端。綜上,本研究通過對兩種群落類型的光線利用性狀和水分利用性狀與基于垂直層次構(gòu)型性狀之間關(guān)系的研究,在分析群落垂直層層片配置變化特征的基礎(chǔ)上,證明了樹木構(gòu)型是對水分和光線利用能力的一種補(bǔ)償策略,從光水利用特征功能性狀的角度揭示了浙東森林群落植物垂直梯度株高變化的生理學(xué)機(jī)制,建立了基于植物高度為主的局域群落樹木形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能型譜,為深入理解群落植物構(gòu)型配置提供了研究依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Configuration configuration is the morphological adaptation of plants to the environment. A large number of studies have shown that with the change of water heat and light environment, plants show different configuration strategies, thus forming plant morphology and functional profiles on the global scale. In local forest communities, trees at different vertical levels also have the difference in configuration pattern. Differences, among them, the acquisition of light resources and the characteristics of water transport may be the main driving factors that cause this change. However, there is a lack of physiological interpretation of the morphology and configuration of this community, so it is impossible to test whether there is a tree's morphological and functional profile on the scale of the community. In this study, the Zhejiang Tiantong Schima superba community (2 20 x 20 m2) and Mount Putuo Fengxiang community (2 20 x 20m2) were used to determine the configuration traits of individual wood in the sample (plant height, crown area, crown thickness, horizontal branch ratio, vertical branch ratio, etc.), light utilization traits (maximum photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, light compensation point, stomatal density, etc.), water use traits (diameter of ducts, dry wood) Density, water conductivity, sapwood specific conductivity, transpiration rate, leaf economic traits (specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf dry matter content), and trunk temperature. First, the linear model was used to analyze the relationship between plant height and other configuration traits. Secondly, the structure square model was used to explore the effect of light utilization and water utilization on plant height. The degree of ringing, and verifying whether the spatial collocation of branches and leaves is a compensatory mechanism for trees on the use of light water, indirectly affects plant height. Finally, the principal component analysis is used to comprehensively reveal the relationship between water transport and utilization traits, light utilization traits, leaf economic characters, dry day temperature difference and configuration characters. The main results were as follows: (1) the characteristics of plant configuration in the two groups were significantly differentiated with the gradient of vertical layers. The ratio of vertical branches, crown area, crown thickness and xylem diameter increased with the increase of plant height, while the number of 0 and 1 branches decreased with the increase of plant height (P0 .05). The results indicate that the higher the height of the plant, the larger the space volume, the more compact structure of the appearance, and the more loose anatomical structure. In addition, the larger individual plants in the lotus community have longer petiole length and diameter, larger single leaf area, and more leaves in the same year, indicating that the characteristics of these traits are beneficial to the plants. The growth of vertical height. (2) structural equation analysis showed that both light utilization and water use traits had significant effect on plant height, of which light saturation point, light compensation point, catheter diameter, leaf dry matter content, transpiration rate and liquid flux have significant positive effect on plant height (P0.05). Secondly, plants can be compensated by the adjustment of configuration. When the plant water transport characteristics and the input consumption of light use characteristics, when the vertical branch ratio is larger, the leaf aggregation distribution and the leaf blade are less, it can ensure that the plant has greater transpiration and catheter diameter, and the use of light resources is more sufficient, thus it is beneficial to the transport of water to a greater height and is stronger. Photosynthesis is beneficial to the growth of plant height. On the contrary, when the horizontal branches are more, the leaves are distributed and the leaves are large, the water transport resistance is larger, and the transpiration is less, and the use of light is weak, which is unfavorable to the plant growth to a greater height. (3) comprehensive consideration of the use of light and water use traits. The effect of plant height, the physiological mechanism of tree height in the two types of community is different. The effect of light utilization on plant height is greater than that of water use, while the maple community shows the opposite trend, which indicates that the height of plant height is mainly restricted by light resources, and the height of the plant is mainly restricted by the water resources. (4 Based on the morphological and functional profiles constructed by two types of community types, the morphological and functional profiles of plant height, leaf dispersity and horizontal branch ratio mainly represent a compensatory mechanism for the temperature variation and the use of light water in plant configuration. In the functional spectrum of the day temperature difference to the height of the plant height, the variation of the temperature difference of the tree trunk is smaller. The body concentrates on the high end of plant height, but the individuals with larger diurnal temperature difference are concentrated on the lower end of plant height. In the lotus community, there are mainly plant morphology and functional profiles on the two dimensions of liquid flux - light saturation point - maximum photosynthetic rate - leaf dispersity and leaf nitrogen content - stomatal conductance - horizontal branch ratio The characteristics of plant water transport and photosynthesis are concentrated on the leaf aggregation distribution and the large proportion of vertical branches, while the weak characteristics of water transport and photosynthesis are concentrated on the dispersal distribution of leaves and the large proportion of the horizontal branches, while in the maple community, the two dimensions of leaf dispersion and horizontal branch ratio are based. On the other hand, there are only the functional profiles of the water use ability of the plants centered around the configuration. (5) the economic profile of the whole plant of the two types of communities is integrated, and there is no leaf economic profile within the local scale, but there is a power spectrum of the "conservative strategy" and the "luxury strategy", which is dominated by plant height. Light use and water use ability; conversely, conserved plant height and crown are smaller, with weak light use and water use ability. In addition, there are four dimensions of plant morphological and functional profiles, namely, leaf water potential - leaf stalk Huber value - leaf ratio conductance (leaf hydraulic economy type), water conductivity - stomatal conductance - leaf dispersion (based on the carbon water coupling function spectrum of leaf dispersion), leaf nitrogen content - Branch Huber value - leaf dry matter content - horizontal branch ratio (based on horizontal branch ratio carbon and water coupling spectrum) and stem wood density - dry wood density (based on dry wood density based energy energy spectrum). (6) different living communities and different height layers The plants have obvious differentiation along the leaf hydraulic and plant height economic profiles. The evergreen wood lotus community has a greater water use ability than the leaves of the deciduous Maple community. The high individual plants tend to one end of the "luxury strategy", while the dwarf individuals appear at the end of the "conservative strategy". The relationship between two types of community types of light use and water use and vertical structure based on the vertical layer configuration characters. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the vertical layer configuration changes, it is proved that the tree configuration is a compensation strategy for the use of water and light, from the angle of the use of the characteristic functional properties of the light water. The physiological mechanism of vertical gradient plant height variation in the forest community in eastern Zhejiang was shown, and the tree morphological structure and functional profile of local community based on plant height were established, which provided a basis for understanding the configuration of plant configuration in the community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S718.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 宋彥君;田文斌;劉翔宇;尹芳;程浚洋;朱丹妮;Ali ARSHAD;閻恩榮;;浙江普陀山島森林凋落物動(dòng)態(tài)與微氣候的關(guān)聯(lián)性[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2016年11期

2 劉明秀;梁國魯;;植物比葉質(zhì)量研究進(jìn)展[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2016年08期

3 趙延濤;許m:山;張志浩;周劉麗;張晴晴;Ali ARSHAD;宋彥君;閻恩榮;;浙江天童常綠闊葉林不同演替階段木本植物的水力結(jié)構(gòu)特征[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2016年02期

4 于明含;高廣磊;丁國棟;趙媛媛;賽克;;植物體溫研究綜述[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2015年12期

5 金鷹;王傳寬;;植物葉片水力與經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀權(quán)衡關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2015年10期

6 陳瑩婷;許振柱;;植物葉經(jīng)濟(jì)譜的研究進(jìn)展[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2014年10期

7 康華靖;陶月良;權(quán)偉;王偉;歐陽竹;;北方冬小麥旗葉光飽和點(diǎn)探討[J];麥類作物學(xué)報(bào);2013年06期

8 錢逸凡;伊力塔;胡軍飛;張超;余樹全;沈露;彭東琴;;普陀山主要植物種生態(tài)位特征[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2012年03期

9 朱麗薇;趙平;倪廣艷;蔡錫安;曾小平;鄒綠柳;梅婷婷;余孟好;;荷木樹干CO_2釋放通量的個(gè)體間差異及樹干液流的效應(yīng)[J];應(yīng)用與環(huán)境生物學(xué)報(bào);2011年04期

10 張振文;張保玉;童海峰;房林;;葡萄開花期光合作用光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)和光飽和點(diǎn)的研究[J];西北林學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊曉東;常綠闊葉林植物光線利用和水分運(yùn)輸能力對樹木構(gòu)型垂直層次性的影響[D];華東師范大學(xué);2014年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 趙延濤;浙江天童常綠闊葉林不同生長型木本植物的水分和溫度代謝特征[D];華東師范大學(xué);2016年

2 史青茹;浙江天童常綠闊葉林上層木和下層木生理與木質(zhì)解剖性狀的比較[D];華東師范大學(xué);2015年

3 孟祥嬌;浙江天童常見種幼苗非結(jié)構(gòu)性碳水化合物儲存和分配特征[D];華東師范大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：2068832