本文選題：粳稻 + 施氮水平��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中氮素利用效率是重要研究課題,所以提高水稻氮素利用率在水稻生產(chǎn)中尤為重要。本試驗(yàn)以吉林省主要推廣的4個(gè)粳稻品種為試驗(yàn)材料,設(shè)置4種水平的施氮處理,即0N(0kg N/hm~2)、1N(70kg N/hm~2)、2N(140kg N/hm~2)、3N(210kg N/hm~2)4種施氮水平,研究了四個(gè)施氮水平對(duì)4種粳稻的株型、農(nóng)藝性狀、光合能力、生理指標(biāo)、產(chǎn)量及構(gòu)成因素的影響,并對(duì)4個(gè)粳稻品種不同施氮條件下的氮素利用效率進(jìn)行了研究。研究結(jié)果表明:1、四個(gè)粳稻品種株高從分蘗到拔節(jié)期株高隨著氮素增加有不顯著增加,抽穗期在高氮水平(2N,3N)下株高較高。氮素對(duì)四個(gè)粳稻品種第一節(jié)間影響顯著大于第二,三節(jié)間。隨著施氮水平的增加吉農(nóng)大505、吉農(nóng)大603與吉農(nóng)大809葉面積在高氮水平(2N,3N)下對(duì)氮素響應(yīng)顯著較高。吉農(nóng)大505、吉農(nóng)大809、吉農(nóng)大815葉夾角與分蘗隨著氮水平增加有不顯著增加,株型表現(xiàn)為隨著氮素增加株高較高,葉片彎曲程度大,且分蘗變多。2、灌漿期高氮(2N,3N)促進(jìn)四個(gè)粳稻品種葉綠素含量增加,凈光合速率在葉片中表現(xiàn)為劍葉倒二葉倒三葉,氮素對(duì)吉農(nóng)大505與吉農(nóng)大603品種劍葉與倒二葉凈光合速率影響不顯著,吉農(nóng)大809倒二葉與倒三葉中2N凈光合速率較高。3、灌漿期吉農(nóng)大505、吉農(nóng)大603與吉農(nóng)大815品種SOD酶活性在不同氮水平下無(wú)顯著性差異,吉農(nóng)大809品種倒三葉1N水平中SOD酶活性最大。氮素對(duì)POD酶活性在吉農(nóng)大603 2N水平下有促進(jìn)效果,吉農(nóng)大809低氮水平(0N,1N)POD酶活性顯著高于高氮水平(2N,3N),吉農(nóng)大815在倒二葉與倒三葉3N水平下POD含量較高。四個(gè)粳稻品種在低氮水平(0N,1N)中CAT酶活性對(duì)氮素響應(yīng)較高,劍葉與倒二葉中可溶性蛋白含量隨著氮水平有不顯著增加,在低氮水平(0N,1N)中可溶性糖含量具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)。4、四個(gè)粳稻品種全氮含量與氮素吸收量隨著氮素增加有上升趨勢(shì),氮素利用率方面吉農(nóng)大505在2N中最高,吉農(nóng)大603、吉農(nóng)大815隨著氮素增加而增加。吉農(nóng)大505與吉農(nóng)大809在2N中產(chǎn)量最高,吉農(nóng)大603在3N中產(chǎn)量最高,吉農(nóng)大815在1N-3N水平下產(chǎn)量增加不顯著。全氮含量與產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性表明吉農(nóng)大505莖、吉農(nóng)大603各器官全氮含量與產(chǎn)量呈極顯著正相關(guān),吉農(nóng)大809各器官全氮含量與產(chǎn)量呈顯著正相關(guān)。吉農(nóng)大815全氮含量與產(chǎn)量正相關(guān)。本試驗(yàn)條件下,吉農(nóng)大505施氮量在140kg/hm~2氮素利用率最高,吉農(nóng)大603施氮量在210 kg/hm~2產(chǎn)量和氮素利用率高,吉農(nóng)大809在140 kg/hm~2以上施氮量下產(chǎn)量和氮素利用率較高,吉農(nóng)大815在施氮水平下產(chǎn)量可小幅度提高,但氮素利用率提高不顯著。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen use efficiency in rice production is an important research topic, so it is particularly important to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice production. Four japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province were used as experimental materials. Four levels of nitrogen application treatments were set up, I. e., 0 N0 kg N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (2 +) ~ (2) N ~ (2 +) ~ (140) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) N _ (10) N _ (210kg) N _ (10) N ~ (2 +) N _ (10) N ~ (-1) N level for 4 japonica rice varieties, agronomic characters, photosynthesis ability, and N _ 2 application level. The effects of physiological indexes, yield and composition factors on nitrogen use efficiency of four japonica rice varieties under different nitrogen application conditions were studied. The results showed that the plant height of four japonica rice varieties from tiller to jointing stage did not increase significantly with the increase of nitrogen, but the plant height at heading stage was higher than that at high nitrogen level. The effect of nitrogen on the first Internode of four japonica rice varieties was significantly greater than that of the second and third Internode. With the increase of nitrogen application level, the leaf area of Jinongda 603 and Jinongda 809 was significantly higher than that of Jinongda 603 and Jinongda 809 at high nitrogen level (2Nu 3N). The interleaf angle and tiller of Jinongda 815 did not increase significantly with the increase of nitrogen level, but the plant type showed that the plant height was higher and the leaf bending degree was larger with the increase of nitrogen. Moreover, the tillers became more. 2, and the high nitrogen content at the filling stage increased the chlorophyll content of the four japonica rice varieties. The net photosynthetic rate in the leaves of the four japonica rice varieties was as follows: the second leaf, the third leaf. The effect of nitrogen on the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and second leaf of Jinongda 505 and Jinongda 603 was not significant. The net photosynthetic rate of 2N in the second leaf of Jinongda 809 was higher than that in the third leaf, and the net photosynthetic rate of 2N in the second leaf and the third leaf of Jinongda 809 was higher than that in the third leaf. There was no significant difference in the activity of SOD between Jinongda 603 and Jinongda 815 at different nitrogen levels, and the SOD activity of Jinongda 809 was the highest at the level of 1N in the upper third leaf of Jinongda 809. The POD activity of Jinongda 809 was significantly higher than that of the high nitrogen level of 2N ~ 3N ~ 3N, and the content of POD of Jinongda 815 was higher than that of Jinongda 815 at the level of 3N of the second leaf and the third leaf of the third leaf. The activity of POD of Jinongda 809 was significantly higher than that of the high nitrogen level of 2N ~ 3N ~ (3 N), and the content of POD of Jinongda 815 was higher than that of Jinongda 809. The cat activity of four japonica rice varieties at low nitrogen level was higher than that of the other two leaves, but the soluble protein content in the flag leaf and the second leaf did not increase significantly with the nitrogen level. The total nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of four japonica rice varieties increased with the increase of nitrogen, and the nitrogen utilization ratio of Jinongda 505 was the highest in 2N. Jinongda 603, Jinongda 815 increased with the increase of nitrogen. The yield of Jinongda 505 and Jinongda 809 was the highest in 2N, the yield of Jinongda 603 was the highest in 3N, and the yield of Jinongda 815 was not significantly increased at 1N-3N level. The correlation between total nitrogen content and yield showed that the total nitrogen content of each organ of Jinongda 603 was significantly and positively correlated with yield, and the total nitrogen content of each organ of Jinongda 809 was significantly positively correlated with yield. The total nitrogen content of Jinongda 815 was positively correlated with yield. Under the experimental conditions, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Jinongda 505 was the highest in 140kg/hm~2, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Jinongda 603 was high at 210 kg/hm~2, and the yield and nitrogen utilization ratio of Jinongda 809 was higher than that of Nongda 809 at the rate above 140 kg/hm~2. The yield of Jinongda 815 increased slightly under nitrogen application level, but the nitrogen utilization rate was not significantly increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S511.22

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