本文選題：森林群落 + 物種多樣性��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來(lái),隨著晉江市經(jīng)濟(jì)急速增長(zhǎng),工業(yè)化與城市化進(jìn)程加快,城市環(huán)境問(wèn)題日趨突出,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展逐步成為城市生物多樣性保護(hù)、生態(tài)平衡維持的干擾因素之一。森林資源作為陸地重要的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)主體,是城市經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展不可或缺的自然資源。探討晉江市森林群落特征及其與環(huán)境因子之間的相互關(guān)系,可為晉江市森林生態(tài)建設(shè)提供理論依據(jù),旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)晉江市森林資源可持續(xù)發(fā)展。為此,以晉江市紫帽山和靈源山森林群落作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)比分析紫帽山與靈源山森林植被組成特征與群落特征,揭示其物種組成與環(huán)境之間的耦合關(guān)系,主要結(jié)果如下:(1)紫帽山群落內(nèi)植物有39科65屬84種,靈源山群落植物有38科58屬60種,紫帽山物種數(shù)多于靈源山。紫帽山薔薇科(Rosaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)植物較多;喬木層中馬尾松(Pinus massoniana)和檸檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora)重要值最大,龍眼(Dimocarpus lowgan)聚塊指數(shù)較高;灌木層中鵝掌柴(Schefflera octophylla)和中華葉海棠(Bredia sinensis)重要值最大,馬纓丹(Lantana camara)聚塊指數(shù)較高;草本層為莎草(Cyperus rotundus.)和芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)重要值最大,薊(Cirsium japonicum)的聚塊指數(shù)較大。靈源山群落中禾本科、菊科(Asteraceae)和豆科(Leguminosae)植物較多;喬木層中木麻黃(Casuarina equisetifolia)和馬尾松重要值最大,楊梅(Myricarubra)聚塊指數(shù)較高;灌木層中馬纓丹和鵝掌柴重要值最大,大青(Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum)聚塊指數(shù)較高;草本層中藎草(Arthraxon hispidus)和芒萁重要值最大,淡竹葉(Lophatherum gracile)聚塊指數(shù)較高。(2)紫帽山與靈源山森林群落多樣性與穩(wěn)定性研究表明:靈源山森林群落喬木層Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)與Pielou指數(shù)高于紫帽山,灌木層和草本層表現(xiàn)為紫帽山高于靈源山;紫帽山與靈源山群落科的相似性系數(shù)為0.74,屬的為0.67,群落物種組成基本一致。紫帽山與靈源山森林群落穩(wěn)定性比較結(jié)果為:紫帽山喬木層交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為21.327/78.673,靈源山喬木層交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為26.112/73.888,均靠近20/80穩(wěn)定點(diǎn)表明兩個(gè)森林群落喬木層呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定狀態(tài);紫帽山與靈源山灌木層交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)分別為36.406/63.594和32.600/67.401,兩者較遠(yuǎn)離穩(wěn)定點(diǎn),均呈現(xiàn)為不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。(3)對(duì)紫帽山和靈源山生態(tài)寬度與生態(tài)位重疊進(jìn)行計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明:紫帽山森林群落中,喬木層、灌木層和草本層中分別是鵝掌柴、馬纓丹和腫柄菊生態(tài)位寬度最大,其中喬木層171對(duì)種對(duì)中具有生態(tài)位重疊的種對(duì)有85對(duì),占總種對(duì)的49.71%。靈源山喬木層、灌木層和草本層生態(tài)位寬度最大分別為馬尾松、野海棠與莎草,其中喬木層136對(duì)種對(duì)中具有生態(tài)位重疊的種對(duì)共有74對(duì),占總種對(duì)的54.41%。(4)利用種間聯(lián)結(jié)系數(shù)測(cè)定紫帽山與靈源山種間聯(lián)結(jié)關(guān)聯(lián)程度,結(jié)果顯示:紫帽山與靈源山森林群落中喬木層和灌木層正關(guān)聯(lián)的種對(duì)對(duì)數(shù)多于負(fù)關(guān)聯(lián)種對(duì)對(duì)數(shù),沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)負(fù)關(guān)聯(lián)種對(duì),而且關(guān)聯(lián)系數(shù)在值域[-0.2,0.2]的明顯偏多,表明紫帽山和靈源山森林群落中整體表現(xiàn)出正關(guān)聯(lián),樣地中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的種對(duì)相對(duì)較少,大多數(shù)物種間處于相對(duì)獨(dú)立狀態(tài)。(5)對(duì)紫帽山與靈源山物種組成與環(huán)境因子CCA排序研究表明:紫帽山地形環(huán)境因子中坡向(ASP)及土壤環(huán)境因子土壤全磷(TP)和土壤全鉀(TK)含量與喬灌草三層物種之間的關(guān)系都比較緊密。同時(shí),主要影響靈源山物種分布的環(huán)境因子為速效鉀(AK)、pH值、坡度(Slope)和海拔(Elev),且它們之間都呈現(xiàn)較強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening to the outside world, with the rapid economic growth of Jinjiang and the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, the urban environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Economic development has gradually become one of the interference factors for the protection of urban biodiversity and the maintenance of ecological balance. As an important main body of the land, the sustainable development of the city economy is impossible. The relationship between the characteristics of Jinjiang forest community and its environmental factors can provide a theoretical basis for the forest ecological construction in Jinjiang and the sustainable development of the forest resources in Jinjiang. Therefore, the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain forest colony in Jinjiang city are taken as the research object, and the Purple Hat Mountain and the spirit are compared and analyzed. The characteristics of the vegetation composition and community characteristics of the source mountain forest reveal the coupling relationship between the species composition and the environment. The main results are as follows: (1) there are 39 families, 65 genera and 84 species of plants in the purple hat mountain community, and 38 families and 58 genera 60 species of the Lingyuan mountain community, and the purple hat mountain species are more than the Lingyuan mountain. Myrtaceae (Pinus massoniana) and Eucalyptus citrate (Eucalyptus citriodora) are the most important values in the tree layer, and the aggregation index of Longan (Dimocarpus lowgan) is higher; the important value of goose palm wood (Schefflera octophylla) and Chinese Ye Haitang (Bredia sinensis) in the shrub layer is the largest, and the mass index of Lantana Lantana (Lantana) is higher. The herb (Cyperus rotundus.) and the Dicranopteris dichotoma (Dicranopteris dichotoma) have the greatest important value, and the block index of the thistle (Cirsium japonicum) is larger. The Gramineae, the Compositae (Asteraceae) and the leguminous (Leguminosae) plants of the Lingyuan community are more, and the largest value of the Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina equisetifolia) and Masson Pine in the tree layer, and the bayberry (Myric) Arubra) the aggregation index is higher; the important value of Lantana and goose palm in shrub layer is the largest, and the aggregation index of Daqing (Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum) is higher; the important value of Arthraxon hispidus and the ospress in the herb layer is the largest, and the aggregation index of the light bamboo leaf (Lophatherum gracile) is higher. (2) the diversity and stability of the forest community in the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain The results show that the tree layer Simpson diversity index of the Lingyuan mountain forest community, the Shannon-Wiener index and the Pielou index are higher than the purple hat mountain, the shrub layer and the herb layer show that the purple hat mountain is higher than the Lingyuan mountain. The similarity coefficient of the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain community family is 0.74, the genus is 0.67, the group composition is basically the same. The Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan forest forest are basically the same. The results of the community stability are as follows: the intersection point coordinates of the Purple Hat Mountain arbor layer are 21.327/78.673, and the intersection point coordinates of the Lingyuan mountain arbor layer are 26.112/73.888, which are close to the stable point of 20/80, indicating that the tree layer of the two forest communities is stable, and the intersection coordinates of the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan shrub layer are divided into 36.406/63.594 and 32.600/67.401, both of which are far from stable. (3) the ecological width and niche overlap of the purple Mt. mountain and Lingyuan mountain were calculated. The results showed that in the forest community of the purple hats mountain, the tree layer, shrub layer and herbaceous layer were respectively the goose palm wood, and the ecologic niche of Lantana and sassanthema was the largest, of which 171 pairs of species with ecologic niche overlap in the tree layer. There are 85 pairs, the largest niche breadth of the 49.71%. Lingyuan mountain, shrub layer and herbaceous layer, which are the largest in the total species, are Pinus massoniana, Begonia and sedge respectively, of which 136 pairs of species with ecologic niche overlap in the tree layer are 74 pairs, and 54.41%. (4) of the total species is used to determine the interspecific connection between the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain by interspecific association coefficient. The results show that the logarithm of the tree layer and shrub layer in the forest community of the purple hats mountain and Lingyuan mountain forest community is more than the negative correlation species to the logarithm, and there is no strong negative correlation, and the correlation coefficient is significantly higher in the range of [-0.2,0.2], indicating that the forest community in the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain has a positive correlation, and the competition is fierce in the sample land. The species pairs were relatively small, and most of the species were relatively independent. (5) the study on the species composition and environmental factors CCA of the purple mountain and Lingyuan mountain showed that the relationship between the ASP and the soil environmental factors in the purple hats mountain and the soil environmental factors, the soil total phosphorus (TP) and the total potassium (TK) content of the soil were closely related to the species of the arbor grass. At the same time, the environmental factors that mainly affect the species distribution of Lingyuan mountain are available potassium (AK), pH value, gradient (Slope) and elevation (Elev), and there is a strong correlation between them.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S718.54

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本文編號(hào)：2041986