本文選題：油菜 + 早中熟品種　； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：合理的氮肥運(yùn)籌方式有利于油菜的生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量,同時可高效利用肥料。本研究采用油菜早熟品種圣光127和中熟品種華油雜62為試驗(yàn)材料,在早晚二個播期條件下,設(shè)置不同的氮肥基肥比例和追施次數(shù),研究氮肥運(yùn)籌對油菜生育進(jìn)程、個體生長發(fā)育、干物質(zhì)積累與分配、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)等的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:1.不同熟期油菜品種的生育天數(shù)圣光127的全生育期在早播時比華油雜62短4~5天,晚播時短9~10天。2.不同基肥比例對油菜生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量影響以兩個不同熟期油菜品種為試驗(yàn)材料,按照基肥、苗肥、薹肥三次施肥時間,設(shè)置基肥比例為100%、60%、50%、40%等不同處理。油菜的株高、根頸粗等形態(tài)指標(biāo)和地上部分干物質(zhì)積累量均為5:2:3和4:3:3處理在收獲期明顯優(yōu)于6:1:3處理。早播時,兩個品種的最高產(chǎn)量均出現(xiàn)在4:3:3處理,達(dá)到2951 kg/hm~2和2748kg/hm~2;晚播時,則是5:2:3處理產(chǎn)量最高,分別為1698 kg/hm~2和1320 kg/hm~2。3.不同施肥次數(shù)對油菜的生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量影響按照基肥、苗肥、薹肥、花肥四次施肥時間,設(shè)置基肥比例為10:0:0:0、5:0:5:0、5:0:2:3、3:2:2:3等不同處理。株高、根頸粗等形態(tài)指標(biāo)均為:一次施肥處理10:0:0:0在前期明顯優(yōu)于其他處理,但后勁不足,到達(dá)播種后110天左右增速減緩,而5:0:2:3處理和3:2:2:3處理在油菜開花至成熟期內(nèi)生長增強(qiáng)。最終的個體發(fā)育狀態(tài)為早播以四次施肥3:2:2:3處理最大,晚播以三次施肥5:0:2:3處理最好。早播時,兩個品種的地上部分干物重最大值分別為3:2:2:3處理和5:0:2:3處理,達(dá)到36.27 g/株和34.37 g/株;晚播時同樣為三次和四次施肥處理的值較大。油菜的產(chǎn)量受追肥次數(shù)的影響較大,增加施肥次數(shù)能在一定程度上提高產(chǎn)量,但不同品種與播期的表現(xiàn)有所不同。早播時,圣光127四個處理的產(chǎn)量分別為2145kg/hm~2,2578 kg/hm~2,2889 kg/hm~2和2960 kg/hm~2,華油雜62四個處理的產(chǎn)量分別為1600 kg/hm~2,2316 kg/hm~2,2556 kg/hm~2和2821 kg/hm~2,且處理之間的產(chǎn)量差異隨追肥次數(shù)的增加呈現(xiàn)逐漸縮小的趨勢;在晚播條件下,產(chǎn)量最高的處理則為三次施肥5:0:2:3處理,兩個品種分別達(dá)到1698 kg/hm~2和1320 kg/hm~2,。對于產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素而言,單株有效角果數(shù)和每角粒數(shù)對產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)較大,各處理的千粒重沒有顯著差異。4.緩釋氮肥和普通尿素對油菜產(chǎn)量影響以圣光127為試驗(yàn)材料,進(jìn)行大田和盆栽試驗(yàn),將緩釋氮肥與普通尿素設(shè)置不同的基肥比例,其中盆栽試驗(yàn)的土壤養(yǎng)分含量相對較高。在大田試驗(yàn)中,緩釋氮肥基施、普通尿素基施、不同尿素基追比為5:5的產(chǎn)量分別為1764 kg/hm~2,1652 kg/hm~2和2591 kg/hm~2;在盆栽試驗(yàn)中以上三個處理的單株籽粒產(chǎn)量分別為26.61 g/株,21.93 g/株和25.27 g/株,可見緩釋氮肥基施效果明顯好于普通尿素基施,另外在土壤養(yǎng)分含量較高的情況下,也在一定程度上優(yōu)于尿素追肥處理,實(shí)現(xiàn)省力省工的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Reasonable nitrogen application is beneficial to the growth, development and yield of rapeseed, and the fertilizer can be used efficiently at the same time. In this study, the early maturing rapeseed variety Shengguang 127 and the middle maturing variety Huayuza 62 were used as the experimental materials. Under the condition of two sowing dates in the morning and evening, different nitrogen fertilizer ratio and topdressing times were set up to study the growth process of rapeseed by nitrogen fertilizer operation. Effects of individual growth, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and quality. The main results are as follows: 1. The growing days of different maturity rapeseed varieties Shengguang 127 were 4 ~ 5 days shorter than that of Huayuza 62 in early sowing and 9 ~ 10 days 路2 in late sowing. Effects of different Base Fertilizer ratios on growth and yield of Brassica napus (Brassica napus L.) two varieties of rapeseed at different maturing stage were used as experimental materials. According to the three fertilization times of basal fertilizer, seedling fertilizer and bolting fertilizer, the ratio of base fertilizer to 100% was set to be 100% and 50% and 40% respectively. The plant height, root neck diameter and dry matter accumulation of the above ground part of rape were 5:2:3 and 4:3:3, which were better than 6:1:3 treatment in harvest period. At early sowing, the highest yield of both cultivars appeared at 4:3:3, reaching 2951 kg/hm~2 and 2748 kg / hmm-2, while at 5:2:3 late sowing, the highest yield was 1698 kg/hm~2 and 1320 kg 路hmm-2, respectively. The effect of different fertilization times on the growth and yield of rapeseed was based on the four fertilization times of basal fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, bolting fertilizer and flower fertilizer. The ratio of basal fertilizer was 10: 0: 0: 0: 0 0: 5: 5: 0 0: 5 0: 2: 3: 3: 2: 2: 3 and so on. The plant height, root neck thickness and other morphological indexes were: 10: 0: 0: 0 at one time fertilization treatment was obviously superior to other treatments in the early stage, but the stamina was insufficient, and the growth rate of about 110 days after seeding slowed down, while the growth of rape increased in the period of flowering to maturity in the treatment of 5: 0: 2: 3 and 3: 2: 2: 3. The results showed that early sowing was the largest with 3: 2: 2: 3 treatment, while late sowing with 5: 0: 2: 3 treatment was the best. At early sowing, the maximum dry weight of aboveground part of the two cultivars was 3: 2: 2: 3 and 5: 0: 2: 3, which reached 36.27 g / plant and 34.37 g / plant respectively, and the value of three and four fertilization treatments at late sowing was higher. The yield of rape was greatly affected by the times of topdressing. Increasing the frequency of fertilization could improve the yield to a certain extent, but the performance of different varieties and sowing time was different. At early sowing, the yield of the four treatments was 2145kg / hmmc22578kg / hmmng ~ (2) kg/hm~2 and 2960 kg / hm ~ (-2), respectively, and the yield of Huayu 62 treatment was 1600 kg / hm ~ (-2) / kg / hm ~ (-1) ~ 22556 kg/hm~2 and 2821 kg / h ~ (-1) hmmt2, respectively, and the yield difference between the treatments showed a trend of decreasing with the increase of the number of fertilizer topdressing, and the yield of the four treatments was 1600 kg 路hm ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) 路h ~ (-1) ~ (2), respectively. Under the condition of late sowing, the highest yield was three times fertilization of 5: 0: 2: 3, and the two varieties reached 1698 kg/hm~2 and 1320 kg / hm-2 路h ~ (-1), respectively. For yield components, the number of available pods per plant and the number of kernels per plant contributed significantly to the yield, and there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight among the treatments. Effects of slow release nitrogen Fertilizer and Common Urea on rapeseed yield using Shengguang 127 as experimental material, field and pot experiments were carried out. Different basal fertilizer ratios were set between slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and common urea, among which the soil nutrient content in pot experiment was relatively high. In the field experiment, the yield of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, common urea fertilizer and different urea ratio at 5:5 were 1764 kg / hm ~ (-2) kg/hm~2 and 2591 kg / hm ~ (-2), respectively, and the grain yield of each plant was 26.61 g / plant and 25.27 g / plant in pot experiment, respectively, in the pot experiment, the grain yield of the three treatments was 26.61 g / plant and 25.27 g / plant, and the grain yield of the three treatments was 26.61 g / plant and 25.27 g / plant, respectively. It can be seen that the effect of base application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is obviously better than that of common urea fertilizer. In addition, in the case of higher soil nutrient content, it is also better than urea topdressing treatment to achieve the goal of saving labor and labor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.4

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