本文選題：浮萍 + 生物量積累　； 參考：《江南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾十年,世界各國,尤其中國等發(fā)展中國家,面臨的環(huán)境污染和資源短缺(水、食品和能源)問題越來越嚴(yán)峻。其中,酒精生產(chǎn)行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了大量的廢水,此類廢水中含有豐富的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)(蛋白質(zhì)、無機(jī)鹽等),經(jīng)過厭氧處理、好氧處理、厭氧與好氧相結(jié)合等技術(shù)處理后,雖然有機(jī)污染物得到一定的去除,但廢水中仍存在一定量的營養(yǎng)類污染物(例如N、P)。如果未經(jīng)進(jìn)一步處理排入自然水體,將會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的水體污染(如水體富營養(yǎng)化),進(jìn)而影響環(huán)境和人類健康。而浮萍作為一種水生植物,可利用廢水中的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行生物量積累,在凈化廢水的同時(shí),采收的浮萍生物質(zhì)可通過厭氧生物技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為沼氣能源,具有一定的環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。本文以浮萍為研究對象,進(jìn)行酒精廢水中生長的影響因素和其厭氧消化的條件研究。首先,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室(光照培養(yǎng)箱)條件下,進(jìn)行酒精廢水培養(yǎng)浮萍的可行性研究,確定浮萍生長的適宜稀釋倍數(shù);研究溫度、pH、光照強(qiáng)度、CO_2通入方式對浮萍生物量積累的影響,確定生長的最佳條件。并在室外(周轉(zhuǎn)箱)條件下,研究接種密度和采收周期對浮萍生長、浮萍成分以及對廢水的處理效果。其次,將采收的浮萍和剩余污泥作為底物,進(jìn)行厭氧消化產(chǎn)沼氣研究,確定產(chǎn)沼氣的最佳條件,以期為工程應(yīng)用提供理論指導(dǎo)。主要研究結(jié)果有:1、當(dāng)稀釋酒精廢水10倍時(shí),浮萍生物量增大為0.60 g,相對生長率(RGR)為0.041g/(g·d);高于湖水組的0.032 g/(g·d),低于Hoagland培養(yǎng)液組的0.060 g/(g·d),表明酒精廢水可以培養(yǎng)浮萍。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,浮萍生物量積累的最適條件為:溫度20.0℃,pH為7.00,光照為4000 lux,CO_2通入方式為兩天通一次、一次1min;通過多項(xiàng)式回歸分析可知,獲得浮萍最大增長量的適宜溫度、pH和光照強(qiáng)度分別為19.3℃、6.73和4366 lux。2、在室外培養(yǎng)條件下,確定了接種密度為149 g/m2時(shí),能夠獲得浮萍最大相對生長率、C含量、N含量和蛋白質(zhì)含量(以干重計(jì)),分別為0.091 g/(g·d)、417.60 mg/g、45.60 mg/g和285.00 mg/g;浮萍對廢水中TN、TP、NH_4~+-N、SCOD的去除效率相差不大,最大去除率分別為49%、79%、82%、38%;確定了采收周期為3天時(shí),所得浮萍RGR最大,為0.088 g/(g·d),結(jié)束生物量比初始生物量增加了1倍,高于實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下的浮萍增量。表明室外培養(yǎng)進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了浮萍生物量的積累;而且浮萍除吸收利用廢水中的N、P等營養(yǎng)元素外,還可吸附、去除其中的金屬元素,更好的凈化水體,。3、浮萍單獨(dú)厭氧消化的底物產(chǎn)氣量為157 mL/gVS,表明浮萍具有生產(chǎn)沼氣的能力;將其與剩余污泥混合厭氧消化,其總產(chǎn)氣量實(shí)際值為2963 mL,比計(jì)算值2669 mL提升了11%,且甲烷占比為56.93%,表明兩者存在互補(bǔ)優(yōu)勢,混合后可以提高系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)沼氣能力。浮萍經(jīng)熱堿處理后厭氧消化的甲烷產(chǎn)量為1817 mL,比未處理組增大8%,且預(yù)處理組前18天的總產(chǎn)氣量高于未處理組;18天后,其日產(chǎn)氣量低于未處理組,表明浮萍經(jīng)過預(yù)處理后,更多可利用的物質(zhì)在反應(yīng)前期被利用產(chǎn)氣,加速了產(chǎn)氣速度,提高了甲烷產(chǎn)量。浮萍與剩余污泥混合厭氧消化時(shí),接種物與底物最適比為1:1,產(chǎn)氣量為169 m L/gVS,總沼氣產(chǎn)量、總甲烷產(chǎn)量及甲烷占沼氣百分比均最優(yōu),分別為3309 mL、1883 mL和56.93%,TS、VS去除率最大,分別為26.44%、36.63%。4、pH、VFAS、NH_4~+-N、SCOD、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)濃度及酶活等指標(biāo)的測定分析,表明浮萍與剩余污泥混合厭氧消化,混合體系在水解酸化階段pH值迅速降低后可以較快回升,且適宜產(chǎn)甲烷的pH(6.50-7.50)時(shí)間較長;整個(gè)反應(yīng)過程,NH_4~+-N濃度處于400 mg/L范圍內(nèi),并未出現(xiàn)氨抑制現(xiàn)象;淀粉酶活在水解階段活性較強(qiáng),水解碳水化合物產(chǎn)生糖類,用于后續(xù)發(fā)酵利用;脫氫酶活受pH影響,在水解階段和產(chǎn)甲烷階段活性均較強(qiáng),此階段微生物活性較強(qiáng)且營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)充足。5、浮萍與剩余污泥在5 L的小試反應(yīng)器中混合厭氧消化,在5 gVS/(L·d)負(fù)荷下運(yùn)行時(shí),最高的日產(chǎn)甲烷量和日產(chǎn)沼氣量分別為2569 mL和4678 mL。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, all countries in the world, especially China and other developing countries, are facing more and more serious problems of environmental pollution and shortage of resources (water, food and energy). Among them, a large number of wastewater has been produced in the alcohol production industry, which contains rich nutrients (protein, inorganic salts, etc.), after anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment, anaerobic and good. Although organic pollutants have been removed by the technology of oxygen binding, there is still a certain amount of nutrient pollutants (such as N, P) in the wastewater. If untreated into natural water, it will cause serious water pollution (such as water eutrophication), and then affect the environment and human health. The duckweed is a kind of water. The plant can use the nutrients in the waste water to accumulate the biomass. While purifying the wastewater, the collected duckweed biomass can be transformed into the biogas energy by anaerobic biotechnology. This paper takes the duckweed as the research object, and carries out the influence factors of the growth of the alcohol wastewater and the anaerobic digestion bar. First, under the conditions of the laboratory (light culture box), the feasibility study of the cultivation of duckweed in alcohol wastewater was carried out to determine the suitable dilution multiple of the Duckweed growth. The effects of temperature, pH, light intensity and CO_2 on the accumulation of duckweed were studied, and the optimum conditions for the growth of duckweed were determined. Under the conditions of outdoor (Zhou Zhuanxiang), the inoculation was studied. Density and harvest cycle on Duckweed growth, duckweed composition and treatment effect on wastewater. Secondly, the duckweed and residual sludge as substrates are used as substrates for anaerobic digestion and biogas production to determine the optimum conditions for biogas production to provide theoretical guidance for engineering applications. The main results are as follows: 1, when the diluted alcohol wastewater is 10 times the duckweed, duckweed The biomass increased to 0.60 g and the relative growth rate (RGR) was 0.041g/ (G. D), which was higher than the 0.032 g/ (G. D) of the lake water group. It was lower than the 0.060 g/ (G D) in the Hoagland culture group. It showed that the alcohol wastewater could cultivate the duckweed. Under the laboratory conditions, the optimum condition for the accumulation of duckweed was 20, 7 and 4000. Two days, one time and one 1min; by polynomial regression analysis, the optimum temperature for the maximum growth of duckweed was obtained. PH and light intensity were 19.3, 6.73 and 4366 lux.2 respectively. Under the outdoor culture conditions, the maximum relative growth rate of duckweed, C content, N content and protein content were obtained when the inoculation density was 149 g/m2. 0.091 g/ (g / D), 417.60 mg/g, 45.60 mg/g and 285 mg/g, respectively, and the removal efficiency of duckweed in wastewater TN, TP, NH_4~+-N, SCOD was not significant, the maximum removal rate was 49%, 79%, 82%, 38% respectively. When the harvest period was 3 days, the duckweed was 0.088 g/ (0.088), and the end biomass increased by 1 times higher than the initial biomass. The duckweed increment under laboratory conditions indicates that outdoor culture further promotes the accumulation of duckweed biomass; besides, the duckweed can also absorb and use the N, P and other nutrient elements in the wastewater to remove the metal elements and purify the water body better,.3, and the anaerobic digestion of the duckweed is 157 mL/gVS, indicating that the duckweed is alive. The capacity of biogas production; the actual gas production was 2963 mL, which was 11% and 56.93% compared with the calculated value of 2669 mL, which showed that there was a complementary advantage, which could improve the methane production capacity of the system. The methane production of the anaerobic digestion of duckweed was 1817 mL, compared with that of no place. The total gas production of the group was 8% higher than that in the untreated group for the first 18 days of the pretreatment group, and the daily gas output of the group was lower than that of the untreated group. It showed that after the duckweed was pretreated, more available substances were used to produce gas at the early stage of the reaction, accelerating the gas production rate and increasing the methane production. The inoculum was inoculated when the duckweed was mixed with the remaining sludge in the anaerobic digestion. The optimum ratio of the substrate to the substrate is 1:1, the gas yield is 169 m L/gVS, the total methane production, the total methane production and methane percentage are the best, and the maximum removal rate of 3309 mL, 1883 mL and 56.93%, TS, VS, respectively, is 26.44%, 36.63%.4, pH, VFAS, NH_4~+-N, SCOD, nutrient concentration and enzyme activity, indicating that duckweed and residual sludge In the mixed anaerobic digestion, the mixture system can quickly recover after the pH value of the hydrolysis acidification stage, and the pH (6.50-7.50) time suitable for methane production is longer. The whole reaction process, the concentration of NH_4~+-N is within the range of 400 mg/L, and no ammonia inhibition occurs; the activity of amylase in the hydrolysis stage is stronger, and the hydrolytic carbohydrates produce carbohydrates. The activity of dehydrogenase was affected by pH, and the activity of dehydrogenase was stronger in the hydrolysis stage and methanogenic stage. The activity of the microorganism was stronger and the nutrient substance was sufficient.5. The duckweed and the remaining sludge were digested in the 5 L small test reactor, and the highest daily methane production and the daily biogas content were found under the load of 5 gVS/ (L. D). Don't be 2569 mL and 4678 mL.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S216.4;X703

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