本文選題：花生 + 水氮耦合　； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在花生優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)栽培管理中,水分和氮肥對(duì)花生生產(chǎn)起決定性因素,目前在我國花生產(chǎn)區(qū)存在著水肥利用率低,資源配置不合理利用等問題。為此,開展花生水氮耦合效應(yīng)的研究,對(duì)提高花生水氮利用率、實(shí)現(xiàn)花生高產(chǎn)增效具有重要的實(shí)踐意義。本試驗(yàn)以花生"花育25"和"小白沙"為試驗(yàn)材料,采用二因素隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),通過遮雨棚內(nèi)田間試驗(yàn)以及室內(nèi)分析化驗(yàn)探究水氮耦合效應(yīng)對(duì)花生生長發(fā)育、生理特性,養(yǎng)分吸收和供給的影響,尋求花生高產(chǎn)高效的水氮耦合模式,以期為我國干旱半干旱區(qū)花生高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的水肥管理技術(shù)提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)與2013年試驗(yàn)地土壤初始養(yǎng)分相比,土壤全氮及土壤堿解氮含量有所提升,隨施氮增加土壤堿解氮含量顯著增加,土壤有效磷含量均呈下降趨勢,而土壤速效鉀含量則有升有降。花生植株全氮含量僅受氮肥用量影響,增加氮肥用量增加花生植株含氮量。水氮耦合顯著影響花生植株全磷和全鉀含量。N1W2處理可以有效提高花生氮素利用效率。(2)灌溉對(duì)花生生長發(fā)育起決定性因素,對(duì)根系各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)、根系活力和各生物量的影響達(dá)到顯著或極顯著。水氮耦合效應(yīng)對(duì)花生根系生長發(fā)育有極顯著影響,在氮素N1(15kg N hm-2)或灌溉量W2(2810 m3hm-2)條件下,有利于花生根長,根直徑以及根體積均達(dá)到最大值。處理W2N1水平下可以促進(jìn)花生根系下扎,有利于根系生物量的增加。在花生結(jié)莢期增施氮肥能夠提高根系活力,為花生高產(chǎn)提供基礎(chǔ)保障。除飽果期,提高氮素有利于促進(jìn)根系活力。增施氮肥對(duì)花生地上部生長有抑制作用,花生主莖高以及主莖直徑在同一氮素水平下隨灌溉量增加而增加。兩季花生最大產(chǎn)量均為N1W2處理,較其他處理增幅分別達(dá)2.1%-19.0%、3.4%-17.4%。(3)本試驗(yàn)花期持續(xù)約45天左右,水氮耦合效應(yīng)對(duì)花生開花數(shù)及下針數(shù)的影響達(dá)顯著水平(p0.05),N2W1處理能夠提高花生開花數(shù),最大增幅達(dá)21.6%,且在中等灌溉W2水平下,對(duì)花生莢果數(shù)與籽仁重有顯著促進(jìn)作用。由花生產(chǎn)量與植株、根系形態(tài)的相關(guān)及灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析表明,對(duì)產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性和敏感度最高的指標(biāo)依次為根系平均直徑、根系總體積、側(cè)枝長和主莖高,充足的水分和養(yǎng)分能促進(jìn)花生地下和地上旺盛生長,進(jìn)而提高莢果產(chǎn)量。(4)水氮耦合效應(yīng)對(duì)各時(shí)期花生葉片葉綠素含量的影響呈顯著或極顯著水平。水氮調(diào)控對(duì)過氧化物酶(POD)與過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性均存在極顯著影響(p0.01),且水分單一效應(yīng)對(duì)CAT影響達(dá)顯著水平,表明提高灌溉量會(huì)顯著促進(jìn)CAT活性,兩者共同作用可以延緩花生衰老,促進(jìn)莢果產(chǎn)量增加。綜上所述,本試驗(yàn)篩選N1W2作為最佳水氮調(diào)控處理,即土壤灌溉量為2810 m3 hm-2(W2),氮肥用量為15 kg N hm-2(N1)時(shí),有利于促進(jìn)花生生長,保證花生優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:Water and nitrogen fertilizer play a decisive role in peanut production in high yield and good quality cultivation. At present, there are some problems such as low utilization ratio of water and fertilizer and unreasonable utilization of resources in flower production areas of China. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the coupling effect of water and nitrogen in peanut to improve the utilization ratio of water and nitrogen in peanut and to realize the high yield and efficiency of peanut. In this experiment, peanut "Huayu25" and "Xiaobaisha" were used as experimental materials. Two factor random block design was used to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen coupling effect on the growth and development and physiological characteristics of peanut by field experiments in rain shelter and laboratory analysis. In order to provide theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management technology of high yield and good quality of peanut in arid and semi-arid region of China, the coupling model of water and nitrogen was sought for high yield and high efficiency of peanut in order to provide theoretical basis for the effect of nutrient absorption and supply. The main results were as follows: (1) compared with the initial soil nutrients in 2013, soil total nitrogen and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content increased, with the increase of nitrogen application, the soil available phosphorus content increased significantly, and the soil available phosphorus content decreased. The content of available potassium in soil increased and decreased. The total nitrogen content of peanut plant was affected only by nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogen content of peanut plant was increased by increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Water and nitrogen coupling significantly affected the total phosphorus and total potassium content of peanut plants. N1W2 treatment could effectively improve the nitrogen use efficiency of peanut. The irrigation played a decisive role in peanut growth and development, and the root system indexes. The effects of root activity and biomass were significant or extremely significant. The coupling effect of water and nitrogen had a significant effect on the root growth and development of peanut. Under the condition of N _ 1N _ (15 kg N 路h ~ (-2) or irrigation amount (W _ 2N _ (2) 2810 m ~ (-3) h ~ (-2), the root length, root diameter and root volume reached the maximum value. Treatment with W2N1 could promote root system growth and increase root biomass in peanut. Application of nitrogen fertilizer in peanut pod stage can improve root activity and provide basic guarantee for peanut yield. Except for full fruit stage, increasing nitrogen was beneficial to promote root activity. The growth of peanut shoot was inhibited by increasing nitrogen fertilizer. The height and diameter of main stem of peanut increased with the increase of irrigation amount at the same nitrogen level. The maximum yield of peanut in both seasons was N1W2 treatment, which increased by 2.1-19.0than other treatments respectively. The flowering period of the experiment lasted about 45 days. The effect of water and nitrogen coupling effect on the number of flowers and the number of needles in peanut was significant. The effect of water and nitrogen coupling on the number of flowers and the number of needles under the treatment could increase the number of peanut blossoms. The maximum increase was 21.6%, and the number of pods and kernel weight of peanut were significantly promoted under moderate irrigation W2 level. The correlation between yield and plant, root morphology and grey correlation degree analysis showed that the highest correlation and sensitivity to yield were root mean diameter, total root volume, lateral branch length and main stem height. Sufficient water and nutrient could promote the growth of peanut underground and aboveground, and then increase pod yield. 4) the effect of water and nitrogen coupling effect on chlorophyll content of peanut leaves was significant or extremely significant. The effects of water and nitrogen on the activities of peroxidase POD and catalase (CAT) were extremely significant, and the single effect of water had a significant effect on cat, which indicated that the increase of irrigation amount could significantly promote the activity of cat, and both of them could delay the senescence of peanut. Promote the increase of pod yield. To sum up, N _ 1W _ 2 was selected as the best water and nitrogen regulation treatment, that is, when the soil irrigation amount was 2810 m3 路h ~ (-2) N ~ (-2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (-1), it was beneficial to promote peanut growth and ensure high quality and high yield of peanut.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S565.2

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