本文選題：壓砂地 + 西瓜��； 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對(duì)寧夏香山地區(qū)壓砂地重茬種植病蟲(chóng)害嚴(yán)重、水分生產(chǎn)效率較低、產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)矛盾的實(shí)際問(wèn)題,以寧夏香山地區(qū)尹東村壓砂地為試驗(yàn)基地,采用對(duì)比和正交試驗(yàn)方法,研究了不同栽培方式、不同灌水定額和施肥量對(duì)壓砂瓜產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,為壓砂瓜節(jié)水提質(zhì)增產(chǎn)增效提供了理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.采用對(duì)比試驗(yàn)方法,設(shè)置“嫁接”和“自根”兩種栽培方式處理,每種栽培方式處理設(shè)置了三種灌水定額水平和三種施肥水平進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:(1)不同水肥條件對(duì)滴灌嫁接苗和自根苗壓砂瓜生理性狀、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)影響試驗(yàn)研究表明,在施肥量相同時(shí),嫁接苗和自根苗壓砂瓜的各項(xiàng)生理指標(biāo)和產(chǎn)量隨著灌水定額的增加而增加。影響壓砂瓜品質(zhì)的可溶性糖和可溶性固形物的含量隨著灌水定額的增加而減少,有機(jī)酸的含量隨著灌水定額的增加而增加。當(dāng)灌水定額控制在高水18m~3/667m~2,施肥量為高肥23kg/667m~2時(shí),嫁接苗和自根苗壓砂瓜產(chǎn)量最高。(2)相同水肥對(duì)兩種栽培方式壓砂瓜生理性狀、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)影響試驗(yàn)研究表明,嫁接苗壓砂瓜較自根苗壓砂瓜成活率提高49.5%,產(chǎn)量提高52.6%。比較影響壓砂瓜品質(zhì)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)發(fā)現(xiàn),自根苗壓砂瓜的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物的含量較嫁接苗壓砂瓜分別提高9.4%和6.4%。自根苗壓砂瓜糖酸比較嫁接苗壓砂瓜糖酸比提高了 6.4%,實(shí)際口感測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者口感無(wú)明顯差別,所以選擇嫁接苗壓砂瓜為香山當(dāng)?shù)貕荷肮咸豳|(zhì)增產(chǎn)增效較適宜的栽培方式。2.對(duì)壓砂地土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)在淡水和微咸水輪灌條件下,隨著灌水定額由6 m~3/667m~2增加到18 m~3/667m~2,壓砂地土壤的全鹽量降低了 10.2%;pH值降低了 1.2%。3.通過(guò)基于正交試驗(yàn)的滴灌壓砂瓜栽培方式和水肥最優(yōu)組合試驗(yàn)的極差分析和方差分析表明:因素對(duì)產(chǎn)量影響的主次順序?yàn)樵耘喾绞紸(主)灌水定額B施肥量C(次)。栽培方式A對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響顯著,灌水定額B和施肥量C對(duì)產(chǎn)量有一定影響但不顯著。栽培方式中嫁接苗西瓜產(chǎn)量最高,較自根苗西瓜和直播西瓜產(chǎn)量分別增產(chǎn)62.0%和256.0%;灌水定額為18 m~3/667 m~2時(shí),壓砂瓜產(chǎn)量較灌水定額為12 m~3/667 m~2和6 m~3/667 m~2時(shí)壓砂瓜產(chǎn)量分別增產(chǎn)8.6%和26.8%;施肥量為23 kg/667 m~2時(shí),壓砂瓜產(chǎn)量較20 kg/667 m~2和17 kg/667 m~2時(shí)壓砂瓜產(chǎn)量增產(chǎn)1.6%和6.8%。因素最優(yōu)水平組合A2B2C3,即栽培方式為嫁接、灌水定額為12 m~3/667 m~2、施肥量為23 kg/667 m~2時(shí)產(chǎn)量最高。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the practical problems of serious diseases and insect pests in sand compaction field, low efficiency of water production and contradiction between yield and quality, the sand compaction field of Yindong village in Xiangshan area of Ningxia was used as the experimental base, and the methods of contrast and orthogonal test were adopted. The effects of different cultivation methods, different irrigation quota and fertilizer amount on the yield and quality of barbed sand melon were studied, which provided the theoretical basis for increasing yield and increasing yield with water saving and increasing quality. The main results are as follows: 1. Two cultivation methods, "grafting" and "self-root", were adopted in this paper. Three irrigation quota levels and three fertilization levels were set for each treatment. The results showed that the effects of different water and fertilizer conditions on the physiological characteristics, yield and quality of grafted seedlings and self-rooted seedlings in drip irrigation were studied. The physiological indexes and yield of grafted seedlings and self-rooted seedlings increased with the increase of irrigation quota. The content of soluble sugar and soluble solids, which affect the quality of melon, decreased with the increase of irrigation quota, and the content of organic acid increased with the increase of irrigation quota. When the irrigation quota was controlled at 18mg / 667mm2 and the fertilization rate was 23kg / 667m-2, the yield of grafted seedlings and self-rooted seedlings was the highest. The experimental study on the effects of the same water and fertilizer on the physiological characters, yield and quality of the two cultivation methods showed that: 1. The survival rate of grafted seedling was increased by 49.5%, and the yield was increased by 52.6%. The contents of soluble sugar and soluble solids were increased by 9.4% and 6.4% respectively. Compared with grafted seedlings, the ratio of sucrose to acid increased by 6.4%, and the actual taste test showed that there was no obvious difference between them. The physical and chemical properties of sandy soil were studied. It was found that under the condition of fresh water and brackish water wheel irrigation, with the increase of irrigation quota from 6 m~3/667m~2 to 18 mg / 3 / 667mm2, the total salt content of the soil decreased by 10.2g / h and the pH value decreased by 1.2and 1.3. Based on orthogonal experiment, the range analysis and variance analysis of drip irrigation and water and fertilizer optimal combination experiment showed that the primary and secondary order of the effect of factors on yield was cultivation mode A (main) irrigation quota B fertilization amount C (secondary). Cultivation mode A had a significant effect on yield, while irrigation quota B and fertilization amount C had some effects on yield, but not significantly. The yield of grafted watermelon was the highest, which was 62.0% and 256.0% higher than that of self-rooted watermelon and direct seeding watermelon, respectively, and the irrigation quota was 18mg / 3 / 667m-2, respectively. The yield of barbed sand melon increased by 8. 6% and 26. 8% respectively compared with the irrigation quota of 12 kg/667 / 667 mm2 and 6 mg / 3 / 667 m-2, and the yield of barbed sand melon increased by 1.6% and 6. 8% compared with that of 20 kg/667 m-2 and 17 kg/667 m2, respectively. The optimum level combination A _ 2B _ 2C _ 3 was grafted, the irrigation quota was 12m ~ 3 / 667m ~ 2, and the yield of fertilizer was 23 kg/667 m ~ 2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S651

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本文編號(hào)：1993071