發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-07 04:20

  本文選題：溴氰蟲酰胺 + 種子處理��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：玉米是我國重要的三大糧食作物之一,屬于糧食-經(jīng)濟(jì)-飼料三元結(jié)構(gòu)作物。自20世紀(jì)初,玉米“精量播種”技術(shù)就已經(jīng)傳入我國,單粒播種技術(shù)因省工、省種、促進(jìn)高產(chǎn)等優(yōu)勢,近年來逐步被農(nóng)民接受。單粒播種的關(guān)鍵是“一粒種子,一棵苗”,因此,最重要的是保證玉米種子的出苗率及加強(qiáng)對(duì)玉米苗期病蟲害的防治。小地老虎是玉米苗期主要的地下害蟲之一,取食幼嫩的新葉等組織和切斷莖基部進(jìn)行為害,嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)造成斷壟,影響單粒播種技術(shù)的推廣。目前,使用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥是防治小地老虎的主要手段,登記藥劑為有機(jī)磷類、氨基甲酸酯類和擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑。但是,隨著同種藥劑高劑量、高頻率的施用,部分地區(qū)小地老虎已經(jīng)對(duì)這三類傳統(tǒng)的殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了不同程度的抗性。因此,亟需開發(fā)新型、高效、對(duì)非靶標(biāo)生物安全的藥劑和施藥技術(shù)來緩解現(xiàn)有藥劑面臨的問題。溴氰蟲酰胺是美國杜邦有限公司開發(fā)的新型鄰苯二甲酰胺類殺蟲劑,對(duì)多種鱗翅目害蟲具有良好的殺蟲活性,但防治小地老虎效果尚未明確。本文通過研究溴氰蟲酰胺對(duì)小地老虎幼蟲的毒力及亞致死效應(yīng),明確種子包衣后的安全使用劑量以及對(duì)小地老虎的防治效果和持效期,綜合評(píng)價(jià)該藥劑在小地老虎防治策略中的應(yīng)用前景。主要結(jié)果如下:1.溴氰蟲酰胺對(duì)小地老虎具有較高的毒力,對(duì)4齡幼蟲的LC50為0.354μg/g。在LC5、LC20和LC40三個(gè)亞致死劑量下,溴氰蟲酰胺顯著延長了幼蟲和蛹的發(fā)育歷期,縮短雌雄成蟲的壽命,降低了幼蟲的存活率,降低了幼蟲的化蛹率、成蟲的羽化率、成蟲的單雌產(chǎn)卵量以及子一代卵的孵化率。種群的內(nèi)稟增長率r,周限增長率λ,凈增殖率R0均顯著低于對(duì)照組。溴氰蟲酰胺在致死和亞致死劑量下均可以抑制小地老虎種群的發(fā)展速度。2.在15℃、20℃和25℃三個(gè)溫度下,溴氰蟲酰胺在2、4和8 g AI kg-1種子的劑量下進(jìn)行種子處理對(duì)三個(gè)品種玉米(先玉335、鄭單958、振杰5號(hào))的發(fā)芽率和出苗率安全,且一定程度促進(jìn)玉米株高等生理指標(biāo)的增加。溴氰蟲酰胺在2 g AI kg-1種子劑量下進(jìn)行包衣溫室盆栽種植后,出苗第14 d接小地老虎4齡幼蟲,接蟲5 d后小地老虎危害率小于10%,幼蟲的致死率達(dá)到80%以上,而空白對(duì)照組危害率為60%~90%。因此,溴氰蟲酰胺在2 g AI kg-1種子劑量下對(duì)小地老虎具有較好的效果,作為進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn)的推薦劑量。3.2015~2016年,在田間春玉米出苗后5 d接小地老虎4齡幼蟲,接蟲14 d后對(duì)小地老虎的防治效果分別為87.20%和80.90%,顯著高于對(duì)照藥劑氯蟲苯甲酰胺同劑量的防治效果76.02%和67.07%;田間夏玉米出苗后5 d,接小地老虎4齡幼蟲10 d后,對(duì)小地老虎的防治效果為85.04%和83.76%,顯著高于同劑量氯蟲苯甲酰胺的防治效果78.25%和73.60%。4.溴氰蟲酰胺在2 g AI kg-1種子的劑量下包衣播種后,取不同時(shí)期的染毒玉米苗莖基部飼喂不同齡期的小地老虎幼蟲。結(jié)果表明,春玉米出苗后第14 d,對(duì)3~4齡幼蟲的致死率為80%~87.88%,對(duì)5~6齡幼蟲的致死率為60.00%~73.33%。在夏玉米出苗后第7 d,對(duì)小地老虎3~6齡幼蟲的致死率為76.67%~86.67%。夏玉米的生長速度和木質(zhì)化程度顯著高于春玉米,彌補(bǔ)了持效期縮短的劣勢,滿足對(duì)小地老虎的防治要求。
[Abstract]:Corn is one of the three important grain crops in China. It belongs to the grain - economy - feed three yuan structure crop. Since the early twentieth Century, the "precision seeding" technology has been introduced into China. The single seed sowing technology has been gradually accepted by farmers in recent years because of the advantages of labor saving, province, and high yield. The key of single seed sowing is "one seed, one seedling" Therefore, the most important thing is to guarantee the emergence rate of corn seeds and to strengthen the prevention and cure of the disease and insect pests of Maize at the seedling stage. Small tigers are one of the main underground pests of Maize at seedling stage, eating young new leaves and other tissues and cutting the base of stem. As the main means to prevent and control small tigers, the registered agents are organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. However, with the high dose of the same drug and high frequency application, the small tigers in some areas have produced different degrees of resistance to these three kinds of traditional insecticides. The target biological safety agent and application technology to alleviate the existing drug problems. Bromo cyanamide is a new phthalic two formamide insecticide developed by DuPont Co., USA, which has good insecticidal activity for many Lepidoptera pests, but the effect of preventing small tigers is not clear. The virulence and sublethal effect of the larva of the tigers, the safe dosage after the coating of the seed and the effect and the duration to the small tigers, the application prospect of the agent in the prevention and control strategy of the small tigers was synthetically evaluated. The main results were as follows: 1. the 1. bromo cyanamide had high toxicity to the small old tiger and 0. to the 4 instar larvae. 354 mu g/g. at the three sublethal doses of LC5, LC20 and LC40 significantly prolonged the growth period of the larvae and pupae, shortened the longevity of the male and male adults, reduced the survival rate of the larvae, reduced the pupation rate of the larvae, the emergence rate of the adult, the egg production of the adult and the hatching rate of the first generation of eggs. The intrinsic rate of growth of the population was r, and the week of the population was r. The limit growth rate [lambda] and the net proliferation rate R0 were significantly lower than those of the control group. At the lethal and sublethal doses, the growth rate of the small tiger population could be inhibited by.2. at 15, 20 and 25 C, and the seeds treated with the dosage of 2,4 and 8 g AI kg-1 seeds were treated with three varieties of Maize (first jade 335, Zhengdan 95) 8, the germination rate and emergence rate were safe, and a certain degree promoted the increase of the higher physiological indexes of the maize plant. Bromo cyanamide was planted in a greenhouse with 2 g AI kg-1 seeds, and fourteenth D received 4 instar larvae of small tigers, and the harm rate of the small tigers was less than 10% after 5 d, and the death rate of the larvae reached more than 80%. The harm rate of the blank control group was 60%~90%., so the cyanamide had a good effect on the small tigers at the 2 g AI kg-1 seed dosage. As the recommended dose for field trials, the 5 d received 4 instar larvae of the small tigers in the field after the field spring maize, and the control effect on the small tigers was 87.20% and 80.9, respectively. 0%, the control effect was significantly higher than that of the control agent chlorworm benzamide at the same dosage of 76.02% and 67.07%; after the field summer maize seedlings were 5 D and 10 d of the 4 instar larvae of small tigers, the control effect on small tigers was 85.04% and 83.76%, which was significantly higher than that of the same dosage of chloroacetamide and 73.60%.4. bromo cyanamide in 2 g AI kg-1 species. The results showed that the mortality of spring maize fourteenth d after seedling emergence was 80%~87.88%, and the mortality rate of 5~6 larvae was 60.00%~73.33%. to seventh d after Xia Yu rice emergence, and to 3~6 larvae of small tigers. The growth rate and lignification degree of 76.67%~86.67%. summer maize were significantly higher than that of spring maize, which made up for the disadvantage of shortening the duration of the effect, and met the prevention and control requirements for the small tigers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S435.132

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本文編號(hào)：1989741