本文選題：水稻 + 落�；��。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻(Oryzasativa L.)是世界第三大糧食作物,全世界有超過一半以上的人口以水稻為主食。水稻隸屬于禾本科(Poaceae)稻亞科(Oryzoideae)稻族(Oryzeae)。自被馴化以來,栽培水稻解決了人類食物穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)的基本問題。特別是在亞洲地區(qū),栽培水稻為該地區(qū)的社會發(fā)展奠定了堅實的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。在栽培水稻馴化的過程中,谷粒落粒性(seed shattering)是一個非常重要的馴化性狀。該性狀的丟失是水稻馴化過程中最為關(guān)鍵的事件之一,因為落粒性狀的丟失導(dǎo)致谷粒在成熟后可以繼續(xù)保留在穗上,以有利于種植者對成熟種子的收集。相對而言,野生水稻的種子在成熟后容易脫落,以有利于種子在自然環(huán)境中的傳播。在本研究中,我們通過運用基因組重測序數(shù)據(jù)從全基因組水平統(tǒng)計栽培水稻及其野生親本的遺傳多樣性,并在該基礎(chǔ)上進一步分析水稻落粒性狀相關(guān)基因(sh4,q SH1,SHAT1,Os CPL1,Os Sh1和SH5)的核苷酸多樣性水平。本研究結(jié)果顯示,在全基因組水平上,栽培水稻(π=0.00633)的核苷酸多樣性比其野生親本(π=0.00803)明顯降低。在這六個與水稻落粒性狀相關(guān)的基因中,sh4基因可能是最早受到選擇的基因,因此其關(guān)鍵變異位點(G→T)迅速在所有栽培稻群體中被固定;其次,Os Sh1也在栽培稻馴化的過程中受到了人工選擇,因此其遺傳多樣性明顯降低。q SH1可能只在temperate japonica中受選擇,受選擇的時間可能在其與indica分化后。SH5是否受到選擇還有待進一步研究。其余的SHAT1和Os CPL1雖然和落粒性狀相關(guān),但是并沒有在水稻馴化的過程中受到人工選擇。綜上所述,本研究證實水稻落粒性狀基因網(wǎng)絡(luò)在馴化中受到不均衡的選擇壓力,其中sh4,q SH1和Os Sh1等基因在栽培稻馴化的過程中受到了人工選擇,而其余的基因(如SHAT1,Os CPL1等)沒有受到人工選擇。
[Abstract]:Oryza sativa L.) It is the third largest food crop in the world, and more than half of the world's population feed on rice. Rice belongs to Oryzoideaeae (Oryzoideaeae). Since being domesticated, cultivated rice has solved the basic problem of stable food supply. Especially in Asia, the cultivation of rice laid a solid material foundation for the social development of the region. Seed shattering is a very important domestication trait in cultivated rice. The loss of this trait is one of the most important events in the process of rice acclimation, because the loss of grain dropping character leads to the grain remaining on the ear after ripening, which is beneficial to the growers' collection of mature seeds. In contrast, the seeds of wild rice are easy to fall off after maturation, so as to facilitate the transmission of seeds in the natural environment. In this study, we used genomic resequencing data to analyze the genetic diversity of cultivated rice and its wild parents from the whole genome level. On this basis, the nucleotide diversity levels of the genes associated with grain dropping traits of rice, SH _ 4H _ (4) H _ (1) H _ (1) SH _ (1) O _ (1) O _ (1) O _ (1) Sh1 and SH _ 5) were further analyzed. The results showed that the nucleotide diversity of cultivated rice (pion 0.00633) was significantly lower than that of its wild parent (蟺 0.00803) at the whole genome level. Among the six genes related to grain falling characters, the gene of Shish4 may be the first selected gene. Therefore, the key mutation site of the gene was rapidly fixed in all cultivated rice populations. Secondly, Sh1 was also artificially selected during the domestication of cultivated rice, so its genetic diversity decreased significantly. Q SH1 may only be selected in temperate japonica. Whether the selected time may be selected after differentiation from indica remains to be further studied. The other SHAT1 and Os CPL1 were not artificially selected during rice acclimation, although they were related to seed setting traits. In conclusion, this study confirmed that gene network of rice seed falling traits was under uneven selection pressure during acclimation, among which genes such as sh4q SH1 and Os Sh1 were artificially selected during domestication of cultivated rice. The other genes, such as SHAT1 Os CPL1, were not artificially selected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511

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本文編號：1974340