本文選題：何王廟故道 + 天鵝洲故道��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：湖北監(jiān)利何王廟故道為通江型故道,位于長(zhǎng)江監(jiān)利段,于2014年建立長(zhǎng)江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)省級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)。長(zhǎng)江天鵝洲故道與長(zhǎng)江干流隔斷,位于湖北省石首市,于1992年建立白淍豚保護(hù)區(qū)并開(kāi)始引進(jìn)長(zhǎng)江江豚進(jìn)行遷地保護(hù)。何王廟故道作為新近建立的保護(hù)區(qū),其魚(yú)類(lèi)資源調(diào)查研究相對(duì)較為缺乏,為了解故道群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征和長(zhǎng)江江豚餌料魚(yú)的資源情況,于2016年4月、6月、8月、9月和12月對(duì)故道進(jìn)行了魚(yú)類(lèi)采樣調(diào)查,從魚(yú)類(lèi)種類(lèi)組成、優(yōu)勢(shì)種、物種多樣性等方面分析該故道魚(yú)類(lèi)群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征。并與根據(jù)2015年9月和2016年10月調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)的天鵝洲故道魚(yú)類(lèi)群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較分析,以期為建設(shè)和管理江豚遷地自然保護(hù)區(qū),保障長(zhǎng)江江豚餌料魚(yú)供應(yīng)提供參考。研究的主要結(jié)果如下:1.長(zhǎng)江何王廟故道調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)魚(yú)類(lèi)共計(jì)6目12科42種,秋季出現(xiàn)的種類(lèi)最多,為29種;其次是夏季28種、冬季23種,春季最少僅有18種,四季均出現(xiàn)的種類(lèi)有10種。種類(lèi)的季節(jié)差異和單位捕撈努力量漁獲量(CPUE)的季節(jié)差異相一致。根據(jù)相對(duì)重要性指數(shù)(IRI)值,2016年何王廟故道全年漁獲物優(yōu)勢(shì)種為鯽Carassius auratus、貝氏?Hemiculter bleekeri、似鳊Pseudobrama simony、翹嘴湆Culter alburnus和?Hemiculter leucisculus5種;季節(jié)性出現(xiàn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)種分別為春季:鯉Cyprinus carpio、紅鰭原湆Cultrichthys erythropterus和鱖Siniperca chuats;夏季:紅鰭原湆Cultrichthys erythropterus;秋季:銀鲴Xenocypris argentea和鰱Hypophthalmichthys molitrix;冬季:銀鲴Xenocypris argentea、草魚(yú)Ctenopharyngodon idellus和蛇泩Saurogobio dabryi。根據(jù)魚(yú)類(lèi)種類(lèi)數(shù)可將何王廟故道4個(gè)季節(jié)的魚(yú)類(lèi)群落結(jié)構(gòu)分為A、B兩組,A組包括春季和冬季,B組包括夏季和秋季。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)何王廟故道魚(yú)類(lèi)群落結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)季節(jié)性波動(dòng),這種季節(jié)性波動(dòng)主要由適應(yīng)流水生境魚(yú)類(lèi)(貝氏?、銀鲴等)的種類(lèi)組成和豐度變化所導(dǎo)致。2.長(zhǎng)江何王廟故道共小型魚(yú)類(lèi)23種,天鵝洲故道采集到小型魚(yú)類(lèi)22種。何王廟故道小型魚(yú)類(lèi)優(yōu)勢(shì)種(IRI1000)為:鯽Carassius auratus、貝氏?Hemiculter bleekeri、似鳊Pseudobrama simony和?Hemiculter leucisculus;天鵝洲故道小型魚(yú)類(lèi)優(yōu)勢(shì)種為:黃尾鲴Xenocypris davidi、?Hemiculter leucisculus、短頜鱭Coilia brachygnathus和鯽Carassius auratus。何王廟故道魚(yú)類(lèi)的Shannon-Weiner指數(shù)(H);Simpson優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)(D);Pielous均勻度指數(shù)(J);Margalef種類(lèi)豐富度指數(shù)(R)分別為1.98、0.78、0.52和4.71;天鵝洲故道魚(yú)類(lèi)的四種多樣性指數(shù)分別為:2.33、0.85、0.64和4.66。ABC曲線結(jié)果表明何王廟故道處于嚴(yán)重的干擾中,天鵝洲故道處于中等程度的干擾中。何王廟故道和天鵝洲故道魚(yú)類(lèi)群落結(jié)構(gòu)具有較高的相似性,Bray-Curtis相似性為21.99%,貝氏?、黃尾鲴、短頜鱭、?、似鳊、鯽和銀鲴7種魚(yú)類(lèi)是導(dǎo)致何王廟故道及天鵝洲故道小型魚(yú)類(lèi)群落結(jié)構(gòu)差異的主要種類(lèi)。捕撈壓力、長(zhǎng)江與故道連通性和管理措施上的不同是導(dǎo)致何王廟故道和天鵝洲故道魚(yú)類(lèi)群落結(jié)構(gòu)差異的主要原因。為保證江豚保護(hù)區(qū)江豚餌料資源的充足,建議何王廟故道加強(qiáng)漁業(yè)管理、強(qiáng)化禁漁措施;建議天鵝洲故道通過(guò)灌江納苗引入長(zhǎng)江干流繁殖的小型魚(yú)類(lèi),以及改善生境為湖泊定居魚(yú)類(lèi)提供良好的繁殖環(huán)境,以增加江豚餌料魚(yú)類(lèi)的資源量,提高江豚的食物保障度。
[Abstract]:The old road of Jianli Wang Temple in Hubei, located in the Jianli section of the Yangtze River, is located in the Jianli section of the Yangtze River. In 2014, the Yangtze finless dolphin (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) Provincial Natural Reserve was established. The Changjiang Swan Chau old road was separated from the Yangtze River, located in Shishou City, Hubei province. In 1992, the White Dolphin protected area was established and the Yangtze finless porpoise was introduced. As a newly established protected area, the investigation and Research on fish resources of he Wang Temple is relatively lack. In order to understand the characteristics of the community structure and the resources of the bait fish of the Yangtze finless fish, the fish sampling survey was carried out in April 2016, June, August, September and December, from the species composition, dominant species and species diversity of fish species. The structure of the fish community in this old road was analyzed, and the fish community structure of the Old Swan Zhou road, based on the survey data of September 2015 and October 2016, was compared and analyzed in order to build and manage the natural reserve of the porpoise and protect the supply of the bait fish of the Yangtze finless porpoise. The main results are as follows: 1. the Yangtze River There are 42 species of fish in 6 orders, 12 families, and 29 species in autumn, followed by 28 species in the summer, 23 in the winter, at least 18 in spring, and 10 in the four seasons. The seasonal differences in the species are in accordance with the seasonal differences in the CPUE. According to the relative importance index (IRI) The dominant species in 2016 he Wang Temple are Carassius auratus of Carassius auratus, bainite Hemiculter bleekeri, similar to bream Pseudobrama simony, Culter Alburnus and Hemiculter leucisculus5 species, and the dominant species in the season are spring: common carp Cyprinus carpio, red fin original and Mandarin Mandarin UATS; summer: Cultrichthys erythropterus of red fins; autumn: Silver Xenocypris argentea and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; winter: Silver Xenocypris argentea, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and serpent Saurogobio. The group includes spring and winter, and the B group includes summer and autumn. It is found that the fish community structure in the old road of he Wang Temple shows seasonal fluctuation. This seasonal fluctuation is mainly caused by the species composition and abundance of the fish (bainite, silver, etc.), which are 23 species of small fishes in the old road of the he Wang Temple in the Changjiang River,.2.. 22 small fish species. The dominant species of small fish in the old way of he Wang Temple (IRI1000) are: crucian carp Carassius auratus, bainite Hemiculter bleekeri, similar to bream Pseudobrama simony and Hemiculter leucisculus; the dominant species of small fish in the Old Swan Island are Xenocypris davidi, Hemiculter, short jaw anchovy and crucian carp. The Shannon-Weiner index (H), Simpson dominance index (D), Pielous evenness index (J) and Margalef type richness index (R) were 1.98,0.78,0.52 and 4.71, respectively, and the four diversity indices of the fishes of the Old Swan Island were respectively: the 2.33,0.85,0.64 and the result showed that the hometown of Ho Wang Temple was serious. Of the interference, the ancient road of Swan Chau is in a moderate degree of interference. The structure of the old road of he Wang Temple and the Old Swan Island fish community structure has high similarity, Bray-Curtis similarity is 21.99%, bainite, yellow tail, short jaw anchovy, 7 species of fish like bream, crucian carp and silver medal are the structure differences of small fish community in the old road of he Wang Temple and the Old Swan Island Road. The main species, fishing pressure, the difference in connectivity and management measures between the Yangtze River and the old road are the main reasons for the difference in the structure of the fish community in the ancient road of he Wang Temple and the Old Swan Island. In order to increase the resources of the fish fish and improve the food security of the porpoise, the small fishes which were introduced into the Yangtze River and improved the habitat for the lake settled fishes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S931.1

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