本文選題：楊樹人工林 + 滴灌施肥��； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,農(nóng)林業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營中盲目的水肥供應造成的資源浪費以及生態(tài)環(huán)境污染問題日趨嚴重。發(fā)展滴灌栽培以及相應的水肥管理技術,可以在有效利用水分、養(yǎng)分資源的同時大幅度提高林地生產(chǎn)力,既能節(jié)約資源又能避免常規(guī)水肥管理造成的環(huán)境污染,符合現(xiàn)代林業(yè)的發(fā)展要求。本研究以滴灌栽培的6年生楊樹人工林為研究對象,通過對8個施肥處理下(單株施N+P+K量分別為CK:0+0+0g,T1:72+12+36g,T2:108+18+54g,T3:144+24+72g,T4:180+30+90g,T5:216+36+108g,T6:252+42+126g,T7:288+48+144g)林木的生長和生理特性、細根的分布特征、林地生產(chǎn)力、土壤環(huán)境變化等方面研究不同施肥處理對楊樹人工林的影響并提出滴灌栽培楊樹人工林的優(yōu)化施肥制度。主要研究結果和結論如下:(1)通過對不同滴灌施肥處理下楊樹人工林的生長量進行測定,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)各施肥處理下不同月份胸徑的生長動態(tài)與CK一致,6-8月份胸徑的累計生長量占全年胸徑生長量的82.9%-90.1%,滴灌施肥沒有改變楊樹人工林的季節(jié)生長模式。滴灌施肥能有效促進楊樹人工林胸徑(DBH)、樹高和材積的生長,提高林分生產(chǎn)力,其中T6處理下胸徑、樹高和材積的年生長量最大,分別為2.2cm、2.07m和0.057m3/株,分別較CK提高44.1%、22.1%和50.9%。T1-T7各施肥處理的林地生產(chǎn)力均高于CK的25.31m3/hm2·a,分別是CK的1.14、1.22、1.24、1.33、1.38、1.51和1.34倍,其中T6處理下林地生產(chǎn)力大于T7處理,這說明施肥過量或施肥不足都會影響楊樹的生長量,低施肥量對林木生長的促進作用大于高施肥量,過高的施肥水平并不能帶來對應的產(chǎn)量的增益效應,要提高楊樹的林地生產(chǎn)力還要考慮施肥以外的其它因素。(2)滴灌對細根的分布影響顯著,滴灌條件(DI)下不同方向的細根長表現(xiàn)為株間(50.5%)對角(27.7%)行間(21.8%),差異顯著;常規(guī)灌溉條件(CI)下的細根長也表現(xiàn)為株間(39.2%)對角(34.9%)行間(25.9%),但差異不顯著;DI條件下不同方向的細根長均大于CI且差異極顯著。滴灌影響細根的水平分布,DI條件下株間方向細根長在距樹干0.5m處最大且與其他樹干距離處差異顯著,不同樹干距離處均與CI有極顯著差異;對角和行間方向與CI條件下細根的分布規(guī)律類似,細根長在距樹干0.2m處最大,在距樹干0.2m和0.5m處與CI有顯著差異。滴灌影響細根的垂直分布,DI條件下株間方向細根長在0-10cm土層最大,對角和行間方向細根長的最大值均在10-20cm土層,CI條件下不同方向的細根長均表現(xiàn)為10-20cm土層最大;株間方向DI條件下的細根長在0-40cm土層與CI差異極顯著,而對角和行間方向僅在0-20cm土層與CI有極顯著差異。(3)滴灌施肥沒有改變楊樹人工林細根的垂直分布格局,不同施肥處理下楊樹人工林的細根長在垂直方向上表現(xiàn)為0-10cm10-20cm20-30cm30-40cm,隨土壤深度的增加細根分布減少。滴灌施肥顯著影響楊樹人工林細根的生長發(fā)育,不同施肥處理下的細根總長表現(xiàn)為隨施肥量的增加不斷增加,其中CK條件下的細根總長為3.02cm,T1-T7施肥處理下的細根長分別是CK的1.09、1.25、1.26、1.42、1.56、1.61和1.65倍。不同施肥處理下同一土層的細根長也均隨施肥量增加而增大,0-40cm各土層的細根長表現(xiàn)為CK條件下最小,T1-T7各施肥處理下的細根長在0-40cm各土層分別是CK的1.04-1.68倍、1.13-1.69倍、1.15-1.67倍和1.05-1.56倍。通過對各施肥處理下林地土壤的調查研究表明,增加施肥量能有效提高土壤肥力,改善土壤條件,T1-T7各個施肥處理下土壤堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀含量均顯著高于CK,不同施肥處理下土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶的活性整體表現(xiàn)出隨施肥量增加不斷增大的特征。滴灌施肥能改善林地的土壤條件,進而改變林木對土壤水、肥的吸收能力,提高林地生產(chǎn)力。(4)滴灌施肥能提高葉片的凈光合速率和蒸騰速率,6、7、8、9月T1-T7各施肥處理下的葉片的凈光合速率分別是CK的1.16-1.54倍、1.04-1.21倍、1.03-1.34倍、1.05-1.30倍,蒸騰速率分別是CK的1.04-1.48倍、1.12-1.34倍、1.12-1.72倍、1.06-1.31倍,同步測定葉片的氣孔導度、胞間CO2濃度等指標表明,滴灌施肥能在一定程度上增大氣孔導度,有利于林木的光合作用和蒸騰作用。不同月份各施肥處理下凈光合速率等生理指標表現(xiàn)出與CK類似的先增加后減小的特征,即6月份各指標的數(shù)值上升,7月份最大,隨后在8月份開始下降,9月份最低。(5)對滴灌施肥不同施肥處理的施肥成本與林木生長所產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟效益進行邊際效益分析,結果表明T6處理下單位面積的年收益最大,為23217 yuan/hm2,較CK提高41.5%。以CK為基準,各施肥處理的邊際效益表現(xiàn)為T6T5T4T7T3T2T1,其中T6處理的邊際效益最大,為6389元,是其他處理的1.37-3.69倍。T6處理下的楊樹人工林能在滿足楊樹生長的同時獲得最大經(jīng)濟效益,其對應的施肥量(252g/株N+42g/株P+126g/株K)即為滴灌栽培6年生楊樹人工林的最優(yōu)施肥水平。每年根據(jù)少量多次的原則施肥,從5月中旬開始,到8月中旬結束,分10次施完,其對應的施肥制度為滴灌栽培6年生楊樹人工林的優(yōu)化施肥制度,可以為今后滴灌培育楊樹速生豐產(chǎn)林提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the waste of resources and the pollution of ecological environment caused by the blind water and fertilizer supply in the agricultural and forestry production and management are becoming more and more serious. The development of drip irrigation and the corresponding management technology of water and fertilizer can greatly improve the productivity of the woodland with the effective utilization of water and nutrient resources, which can not only save resources but also avoid the management of conventional water and fertilizer. The cause of environmental pollution is in line with the development requirements of modern forestry. In this study, the 6 year old poplar plantation of drip irrigation was used as the research object. Through 8 fertilization treatments (the N+P+K amount of single plant was CK:0+0+0g, T1:72+12+36g, T2:108+18+54g, T3:144+24+72g, T4:180+30+90g, T5:216+36+108g, T6:252+42+126g, T7:288+48+144g). The effects of different fertilization treatments on Poplar Plantation and the optimal fertilization system of Poplar Plantation in drip irrigation were studied. The main results and conclusions were as follows: (1) the growth of Poplar Plantation under different drip irrigation treatments was carried out. The results showed that the growth dynamics of DBH in different months was the same as that of CK. The cumulative growth of breast diameter in 6-8 months accounted for 82.9%-90.1% of the annual DBH growth. Drip irrigation did not change the seasonal growth pattern of poplar plantation. Drip irrigation could effectively promote the diameter of Poplar Plantation (DBH), tree height and volume growth. In the high forest productivity, the annual growth of DBH, tree height and volume was the largest, which were 2.2cm, 2.07M and 0.057m3/, respectively, increased by 44.1%, respectively, compared with CK, and the productivity of 22.1% and 50.9%.T1-T7 were higher than 25.31m3/hm2. A of CK, which were 1.14,1.22,1.24,1.33,1.38,1.51 and 1.34 times of CK respectively. Productivity is greater than T7 treatment, which indicates that excessive fertilization or insufficient fertilization will affect the growth of poplar, and the effect of low fertilization on forest growth is greater than that of high fertilization. The high fertilization level does not bring the corresponding gain effect, and other factors other than fertilization should be considered to increase the forestland productivity of poplar. (2) drip irrigation. The influence of the fine root distribution was significant. The fine root length of the different directions under the drip irrigation condition (DI) was shown in the Interplant (50.5%) diagonal (27.7%) interline (21.8%), and the fine root length under the conventional irrigation condition (CI) was also displayed in the Interplant (39.2%) diagonal (34.9%) interline (25.9%), but the difference was not significant; the fine root length of different directions under the DI condition was greater than that of CI and the difference was different. Extremely significant. Drip irrigation affects the horizontal distribution of fine roots. Under DI conditions, the direction of fine roots is the largest in the distance from the trunk of tree trunk and at the distance from the other trunk, and the distance from the tree trunk is significantly different from that of the CI; the distribution of the diagonal and intercourse direction and the fine roots under the CI condition is similar to that of the trunk of the tree, which is longest in the trunk of the trunk of the tree and in the trunk of the tree at the distance from the trunk of the tree. 0.2m and 0.5m have significant differences from CI. Drip irrigation affects the vertical distribution of fine roots. Under DI conditions, the fine roots are the largest in the 0-10cm soil layer, and the maximum value of fine roots in diagonal and intercropping direction are all in the 10-20cm soil layer. The fine roots of different directions in the CI condition are the largest in the 10-20cm soil layer, and the fine roots under the Interplant direction DI are long in 0-40cm soil. The difference between layer and CI was very significant, but the direction of diagonal and intercourse was very significant difference between 0-20cm soil layer and CI. (3) drip fertilization did not change the vertical distribution pattern of fine roots of poplar plantation. The fine roots of poplar plantations were 0-10cm10-20cm20-30cm30-40cm in the vertical direction under different fertilization treatments, and the fine root distribution increased with soil depth. The growth and development of fine roots of poplar plantations were significantly affected by drip irrigation. The total length of fine roots under different fertilization treatments increased with the increase of fertilization, of which the total length of fine roots under CK was 3.02cm, and the length of fine roots under T1-T7 fertilization was 1.09,1.25,1.26,1.42,1.56,1.61 and 1.65 times of CK respectively. The fine root length of the soil layer increased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer. The fine root length of each 0-40cm soil layer was the smallest under the CK condition. The fine roots under the T1-T7 fertilization treatment were 1.04-1.68 times that of CK, 1.13-1.69 times, 1.15-1.67 times and 1.05-1.56 times respectively. Fertilization can effectively improve soil fertility and improve soil conditions. The contents of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are significantly higher than that of CK under the treatment of T1-T7. Soil urease, phosphatase and invertase activity in soil under different fertilization treatments are characterized by the increase of the amount of soil urease, phosphatase and invertase as a whole. Drip fertilization can improve the soil strip of woodland (4) the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of leaves were increased by drip irrigation, and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves under 6,7,8,9 month T1-T7 was 1.16-1.54 times of CK, 1.04-1.21 times, 1.03-1.34 times, 1.05-1.30 times, and the transpiration rate was CK 1.04-1., respectively. 48 times, 1.12-1.34 times, 1.12-1.72 times, and 1.06-1.31 times, simultaneous determination of the stomatal conductance of leaves and the concentration of CO2 in the cells showed that the drip fertilization could increase the stomatal conductance to a certain extent, and was beneficial to the photosynthesis and transpiration of the trees. The physiological indexes, such as net photosynthetic rate under different fertilization treatments in different months, showed a similar increase to CK. The characteristics of the addition decrease, that is, the value of each index rose in June, the largest in July, then in August and the lowest in September. (5) the marginal benefit analysis on the cost of fertilization and the economic benefit produced by the growth of forest trees was analyzed. The results showed that the annual income per unit area under the T6 treatment was the maximum, which was 23217 yuan/hm. 2, compared with CK, the marginal benefit of each fertilizer treatment was T6T5T4T7T3T2T1 on the basis of CK, and the marginal benefit of each fertilizer treatment was T6T5T4T7T3T2T1, of which the marginal benefit of T6 treatment was 6389 yuan. It was the other treated Poplar Plantation under the 1.37-3.69 times of.T6 treatment to obtain maximum economic benefits while meeting the growth of poplar, and its corresponding amount of fertilizer (252g/ strain N+42g/ strain P+126g/). Plant K) is the optimal fertilization level for the 6 year old Poplar Plantation in drip irrigation. According to a small number of principles of fertilization, starting in mid May and ending in mid August, the fertilizing system is completed in 10 times. The corresponding fertilization system is the optimal fertilization system for the 6 year old Poplar Plantation in drip irrigation, which can provide the poplar fast-growing and high yield forest with drip irrigation in the future. Basis.
【學位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S792.11

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 賀勇;蘭再平;孫尚偉;劉俊琴;;地面滴灌對107楊幼林生長和水肥利用的影響[J];東北林業(yè)大學學報;2015年11期

2 閆小莉;戴騰飛;賈黎明;戴麗莉;辛福梅;;歐美108楊細根形態(tài)及垂直分布對水氮耦合措施的響應[J];植物生態(tài)學報;2015年08期

3 仇寬彪;張志強;康滿春;查同剛;牛勇;蔡永茂;趙廣亮;;北京永定河沿河沙地楊樹人工林光能利用效率[J];生態(tài)學報;2016年06期

4 戴騰飛;席本野;閆小莉;賈黎明;;施肥方式和施氮量對歐美108楊人工林土壤氮素垂向運移的影響[J];應用生態(tài)學報;2015年06期

5 賀勇;蘭再平;孫尚偉;傅建平;劉俊琴;;滴灌施肥條件下107楊幼林N、P、K養(yǎng)分吸收量與施肥量研究[J];林業(yè)科學研究;2015年03期

6 王娜;程瑞梅;肖文發(fā);劉澤彬;張煒銀;;馬尾松細根研究進展[J];世界林業(yè)研究;2014年03期

7 閆小莉;戴騰飛;邢長山;賈黎明;張龍寧;;水肥耦合對歐美108楊幼林表土層細根形態(tài)及分布的影響[J];生態(tài)學報;2015年11期

8 余曉章;楊正菊;李賢偉;黨燕超;周義貴;趙敏;劉運科;鄭濤;;施肥對川中丘陵楊樹人工林土壤生物活性的影響[J];土壤通報;2014年03期

9 臧小平;韓麗娜;馬蔚紅;鐘爽;周兆禧;劉永霞;郭剛;;不同滴灌施肥方式對海南香蕉生長和產(chǎn)量的影響[J];中國農(nóng)學通報;2014年07期

10 傅建平;蘭再平;孫尚偉;劉俊琴;張勇;;地面滴灌對107楊人工林根系分布的影響[J];林業(yè)科學研究;2013年06期

相關博士學位論文 前3條

1 閆小莉;歐美108楊速生豐產(chǎn)林水氮耦合效應研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學;2016年

2 席本野;毛白楊人工林灌溉管理理論及高效地下滴灌關鍵技術研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學;2013年

3 閆娟;氮素對歐美楊苗木光合及養(yǎng)分利用的影響[D];北京林業(yè)大學;2013年

相關碩士學位論文 前4條

1 陳欽程;施肥對華北落葉松人工林土壤與植株氮磷鉀的影響[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學;2015年

2 張清林;滴灌成齡核桃樹葉水勢變化規(guī)律及其影響因素的研究[D];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2011年

3 王奇峰;氮磷對歐美107楊增產(chǎn)作用機制研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學;2007年

4 韋艷葵;地下滴灌下沙地楊樹速生豐產(chǎn)機制與灌溉制度研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學;2003年

，

本文編號：1947314