發(fā)布時間：2018-05-27 22:22

  本文選題：旱作梯田 + 施肥方式��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：旱作梯田是提高糧食單產(chǎn)的有效措施,新修梯田必須通過土壤培肥才能提高作物產(chǎn)量。在2002年5月新修旱作梯田上采用不同施肥處理研究了土壤質(zhì)量與作物產(chǎn)量的動態(tài)特征。2003年8月開始,對新修旱作梯田做了4個施肥處理:(1)空白對照(CK):未施用任何肥料;(2)氮磷肥處理(NP):每年施70 kg/ha氮和15.7 kg/ha磷,氮肥和磷肥搭配施入;(3)有機(jī)肥處理(M):2003-2006年每年施20t/ha農(nóng)家肥,2007-2016年每年施10 t/ha農(nóng)家肥;(4)氮磷肥加有機(jī)肥處理(MNP):每年施70 kg/ha氮和15.7 kg/ha磷,2003-2006年每年施20t/ha農(nóng)家肥,2007-2016年每年施10 t/ha農(nóng)家肥,氮肥、磷肥、農(nóng)家肥搭配施入。試驗(yàn)施加的農(nóng)家肥主要是羊糞,平均養(yǎng)分含量如下:有機(jī)碳250.0g/kg,全氮10.0g/kg,全磷0.84g/kg,速效磷0.16g/kg,無機(jī)氮0.08g/kg;氮肥尿素中氮元素含量約為46%,磷肥過磷酸鈣中五氧化二磷含量約為16%,在每年收產(chǎn)后的10月份施加氮磷肥和農(nóng)家肥。選取了黃土高原半干旱地區(qū)三種主要的農(nóng)作物,采用豌豆、春小麥、馬鈴薯的輪作順序種植。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果主要有以下幾點(diǎn):1、旱作梯田在經(jīng)過13年耕種過程中,4個處理在0-200 cm土層的儲水量均顯著下降。在0-100cm土層,施加有機(jī)肥處理(M和MNP)土壤儲水量顯著高于對照(CK)和單施氮磷肥處理(NP);在100-200cm土層,施加有機(jī)肥處理(M和MNP)土壤儲水量則在試驗(yàn)后期明顯低于不施加有機(jī)肥的兩個處理(CK和NP)。2、旱作梯田施加有機(jī)肥(M和MNP)不僅能快速增加表層土壤輕質(zhì)有機(jī)碳、總有機(jī)碳和全氮含量,而且能增加深層土壤總有機(jī)碳、全氮含量;只施加氮磷肥處理(NP)對表層土壤輕質(zhì)有機(jī)碳、總有機(jī)碳和全氮含量影響很有限,對深層土壤總有機(jī)碳、全氮含量無顯著影響;施加有機(jī)肥(M和MNP)和氮磷肥(NP)均能快速提高表層土壤全磷和速效磷含量,只施加氮磷肥處理(NP)無法提高深層土壤全磷、速效磷含量,施加有機(jī)肥處理(M和MNP)則可提高深層土壤全磷含量,對深層土壤速效磷含量無顯著影響。3、有機(jī)肥與氮磷肥搭配施入可最大限度提高作物產(chǎn)量。非生長季降水量、生長季降水量、有機(jī)碳、全氮、全磷、速效磷含量均可影響作物產(chǎn)量。通徑分析結(jié)果表明:土壤有機(jī)碳含量對豌豆和春小麥產(chǎn)量影響較大;土壤全氮含量對馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量有顯著影響;土壤全磷含量對春小麥產(chǎn)量也有一定影響;土壤速效磷含量對豌豆、春小麥、馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量均有顯著影響;非生長季降水量與春小麥、馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量呈負(fù)相關(guān),生長季降水量同豌豆、春小麥、馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量有顯著正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Upland terrace is an effective measure to increase grain yield. New terraced fields must be fertilized by soil in order to increase crop yield. The dynamic characteristics of soil quality and crop yield were studied by using different fertilization treatments on the newly constructed upland terrace in May, 2002.From August 2003, the dynamic characteristics of soil quality and crop yield were studied. In this paper, four treatments of fertilizer application in newly dryland terraced fields were carried out, which were treated with 70 kg/ha N and 15.7 kg/ha P per year. Application of 20t/ha farm manure 10 t/ha per year from 2007-2016 to 10 t/ha per year: 70 kg/ha N and 15.7 kg/ha phosphorus per year, 10 t/ha per year from 2007-2016 to 20032006. Nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, farm manure with the application. The farm manure applied in the experiment was mainly sheep manure. The average nutrient contents were as follows: organic carbon 250.0g / kg, total nitrogen 10.0g / kg, total phosphorus 0.84g / kg, available phosphorus 0.16g / kg, inorganic nitrogen 0.08g / kg, nitrogen fertilizer urea about 46g / kg, phosphate superphosphate about 16g / kg. Three main crops in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau were planted by rotation of pea, spring wheat and potato. The results of the experiment were as follows: 1. During 13 years of cultivation, the water storage of 4 treatments in 0-200 cm soil layer decreased significantly. In the 0-100cm soil layer, the soil water storage under organic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that in CK) and single nitrogen and phosphorus treatments, and in the 100-200cm soil layer, the soil water storage was significantly higher than that in the control soil layer. The soil water storage under organic fertilizer treatment (M and MNPs) was significantly lower than that in the two treatments without organic fertilizer (CK and NPN. 2) at the late stage of the experiment. The application of organic fertilizer M and MNPs in dryland terraces could not only increase the light organic carbon of surface soil rapidly. Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content, and total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen content (TOC) in deep soil can be increased by adding only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NPN) to surface soil light organic carbon, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen content (TOC), and total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen content (TOC) in deep soil are limited. The total P and available P contents of surface soil were increased rapidly by applying organic fertilizer (M and MNPs) and N P fertilizer (NPN), but the total P and available P contents in deep soil were not increased by applying N and P fertilizer only. The total phosphorus content of deep soil could be increased by applying organic fertilizer treatment (M and MNPs), but there was no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in deep soil. The combination of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer could increase crop yield to the maximum extent. Non-growing season precipitation, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus content can affect crop yield. Path analysis showed that soil organic carbon content had great influence on pea and spring wheat yield, soil total nitrogen content had significant effect on potato yield, soil total phosphorus content had certain effect on spring wheat yield. Soil available phosphorus content had significant effects on the yield of pea, spring wheat and potato, but the precipitation in non-growing season was negatively correlated with the yield of spring wheat, and the precipitation in growing season was positively correlated with the yield of pea, spring wheat and potato.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158.3

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