本文選題：回歸水利用量 + 水量平衡　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：縱觀中國(guó)水資源現(xiàn)狀,總量大但人均占有量少,水資源循環(huán)利用效率較低,面源污染嚴(yán)重,使其已難以滿(mǎn)足當(dāng)代農(nóng)業(yè)用水需求。灌區(qū)作為糧食的生產(chǎn)基地,其區(qū)域水資源的合理開(kāi)發(fā)與利用顯得尤為重要。分析灌區(qū)灌溉水資源的供給來(lái)源,除了降雨量和灌溉引水量以外,還存在著一部分內(nèi)部流通水量,通常被定義為回歸水。它是指一次灌水后經(jīng)滲、跑、漏等形式回到渠溝的水量,是存在于灌區(qū)內(nèi)部且能滿(mǎn)足灌溉要求的水資源。因此,為探索解決農(nóng)業(yè)用水矛盾的有效途徑,本文選擇回歸水作為研究對(duì)象,期望為未來(lái)灌區(qū)水資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供有實(shí)用意義的建議�；貧w水的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀多集中于建立田間尺度下的回歸水計(jì)算模型,此類(lèi)研究試驗(yàn)周期長(zhǎng),研究結(jié)果適用范圍有限。因此,本文試圖從現(xiàn)有的工程條件和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,探討回歸水的利用模式,提出灌區(qū)回歸水的調(diào)配利用方法,提出工程性的改造措施,為今后灌區(qū)回歸水利用提供具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值的建議和方案。本文主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)選擇了浙江省內(nèi)典型的多水源中型灌區(qū)---楊溪灌區(qū)作為研究代表,分析了楊溪水庫(kù)內(nèi)的水利工程情況,依照水源工程分布情況與渠系灌溉面積,對(duì)楊溪水庫(kù)的灌溉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行概化,共分為北1-7、南1-2等9個(gè)研究區(qū)域。(2)利用灌區(qū)水量平衡原理,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的水量輸入輸出平衡方程式進(jìn)行調(diào)整,提出了基于蒸發(fā)蒸騰量、損失量、灌水量、回歸水利用量等參數(shù)的新灌區(qū)水量平衡方程式,并詳細(xì)闡述了各個(gè)參數(shù)的含義與計(jì)算方法。(3)分析灌區(qū)灌溉系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),首先對(duì)灌片水源工程分類(lèi)統(tǒng)計(jì),通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)法、水庫(kù)庫(kù)容曲線法、徑流系數(shù)法、復(fù)蓄系數(shù)法、能耗折算法對(duì)水庫(kù)、山塘、泵站的取水量進(jìn)行計(jì)算,不同類(lèi)型水源工程取水量累加得到灌片的灌溉用水量。其次,利用彭曼公式計(jì)算作物需水量,與灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)做商推求灌區(qū)需水量。利用上述灌溉用水量與灌區(qū)需水量之間對(duì)灌溉水包含范圍的差異探求回歸水利用量的計(jì)算方法。(4)在大量閱讀文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,從回歸水的定義出發(fā),沿著回歸水足跡分析了灌區(qū)回歸水的影響因素,主要包含:引水量、氣象因素、灌溉制度、作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)、渠系構(gòu)造、土壤質(zhì)地、田塊形態(tài)等參數(shù)。為了對(duì)以上的影響因素進(jìn)行更全面的評(píng)價(jià),利用SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)上述影響因素進(jìn)行回歸分析,結(jié)果表明灌區(qū)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)(水旱比)、渠系構(gòu)造(渠系水有效利用系數(shù))對(duì)回歸水有顯著的影響。(5)依據(jù)各個(gè)影響因素對(duì)回歸水量的權(quán)重大小,提出了楊溪灌區(qū)灌溉回歸水的灌溉方式和工程系統(tǒng)配置方案,以加強(qiáng)灌區(qū)回歸水的收集與使用的效果,提高灌區(qū)的水資源利用效率。
[Abstract]:According to the present situation of water resources in China, it is difficult to meet the demand of agricultural water because of the large amount of water resources, the low efficiency of water resources recycling and the serious pollution of non-point sources. As the production base of grain, the rational development and utilization of regional water resources is particularly important. In addition to rainfall and irrigation diversion, there is a part of internal circulating water in irrigation area, which is usually defined as return water. It refers to the amount of water returned to the ditch in the form of infiltration, running and leakage after a single irrigation. It is a kind of water resource which exists in the irrigation area and can meet the irrigation requirements. Therefore, in order to explore the effective way to solve the contradiction of agricultural water use, this paper chooses the return water as the research object, hoping to provide practical suggestions for the sustainable development of water resources in irrigation areas in the future. The research status of regression water at home and abroad is mainly focused on the establishment of regression water calculation model on field scale. The experimental period of this kind of research is long and the scope of application of the research results is limited. Therefore, based on the existing engineering conditions and test results, this paper attempts to discuss the utilization mode of regress water, put forward the allocation and utilization method of return water in irrigation area, and put forward the engineering reformation measures. Suggestions and schemes with practical application value are provided for the return water utilization of irrigation districts in the future. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) the representative of Yangxi Irrigation District, a typical multi-source irrigation district in Zhejiang Province, is selected to analyze the situation of water conservancy project in Yangxi Reservoir, according to the distribution of water source project and irrigation area of canal system. The irrigation system of Yangxi Reservoir is generalized and divided into nine research areas, I. e., North 1-7, South 1-2, etc.) based on the principle of water balance in irrigation area, the traditional water input and output equilibrium equations are adjusted. The water balance equation of the new irrigation area with parameters such as irrigation quantity and water consumption is regressed, and the meaning and calculation method of each parameter are expounded in detail. The structure of irrigation system in irrigation area is analyzed. Firstly, the irrigation water source engineering is classified and statistics, and the method of actual measurement is used to analyze the structure of irrigation system. Reservoir capacity curve method, runoff coefficient method, complex storage coefficient method and energy consumption conversion method are used to calculate the water intake of reservoirs, mountain ponds and pumping stations. Secondly, the crop water demand is calculated by Pengman's formula, and the water demand of irrigation area is calculated by using the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. Study on the difference between the Irrigation Water consumption and the Irrigation area Water demand; the calculation method of regression water use quantity. (4) based on a large amount of literature, the definition of return water is introduced. The influencing factors of returning water in irrigation area were analyzed according to the regression water footprint, including: water diversion, meteorological factors, irrigation system, crop planting structure, canal system structure, soil texture, field shape, and so on. In order to make a more comprehensive evaluation of the above influencing factors, the regression analysis of the above influencing factors was carried out by using the SPSS statistical software. The results showed that crop planting structure (ratio of flood to drought, structure of canal system (effective utilization coefficient of canal system) had significant influence on regress water. In order to enhance the effect of collecting and using the returning water in Yangxi irrigation area, the irrigation method and the project system configuration are put forward in order to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization in the irrigated area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S274

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本文編號(hào)：1940783