本文選題：小�？Х� + 微潤(rùn)灌溉�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：云南小�？Х确N植區(qū)氣候干旱炎熱,光照強(qiáng)烈等因素嚴(yán)重制約小�？Х鹊纳L(zhǎng)發(fā)育。另外小�？Х仍陂L(zhǎng)期系統(tǒng)的培育過(guò)程中,形成了喜愛(ài)半蔭蔽遮蔭環(huán)境的生長(zhǎng)習(xí)性。本文結(jié)合室內(nèi)微潤(rùn)灌溉入滲特性試驗(yàn)與小�？Х人怦詈显囼�(yàn),重點(diǎn)研究微潤(rùn)灌溉條件下土壤水分分布規(guī)律及變化特性,探明微潤(rùn)灌溉壓力水頭和蔭蔽栽培水平對(duì)小�？Х壬砩鷳B(tài)及水分利用的影響,尋找小�？Х茸罴盐�(rùn)灌溉壓力水頭和蔭蔽栽培水平的耦合管理模式,進(jìn)一步豐富小粒咖啡水光高效利用理論。微潤(rùn)灌溉入滲特性試驗(yàn)(室內(nèi)試驗(yàn))設(shè)置3個(gè)壓力水頭:低水頭(H1.:1.0 m)、中水頭(H1.5:1.5 m)和高水頭(H2.0:2.0 m);3個(gè)土壤容重:自然容重(D1.0o:1.00 g·cm-3)、中度容重(D1.1s:1.15 g·cm-3)和重度容重(D 1.30:1.30 g·cm-3),主要研究了壓力水頭與土壤容重對(duì)濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)水肥分布規(guī)律的影響。小�？Х人怦詈显囼�(yàn)(小區(qū)試驗(yàn))設(shè)置3個(gè)壓力水頭:低水頭(H1.0:1.0 m)、中水頭(H1.5:1.5 m)和高水頭(H2.0:2.0 m);3個(gè)蔭蔽栽培水平:無(wú)蔭蔽栽培(S0:100%自然光照)、輕度蔭蔽栽培(S1:65%～75%自然光照)、重度蔭蔽栽培(S2:45%～55%自然光照),主要研究了微潤(rùn)灌溉壓力水頭和蔭蔽栽培水平對(duì)小粒咖啡生理生態(tài)及水光利用的影響。取得了以下重要結(jié)論:(1)微潤(rùn)管豎直布設(shè)條件下壓力水頭和土壤容重對(duì)微潤(rùn)灌溉濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)水分、NO3--N和K+含量均值影響顯著。濕潤(rùn)體剖面面積、NO3--N和K+分布面積隨著水頭的增加而增大,隨著土壤容重的增加而減小,其中K+富集于微潤(rùn)管周圍。壓力水頭增加,微潤(rùn)灌濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)含水率、NO3--N和K+含量均值與均勻度顯著增大;土壤容重增加,濕潤(rùn)體及體內(nèi)水分和N03--N含量均值顯著減小,而K+含量均值略有增大,水肥含量均勻度顯著降低。微潤(rùn)灌溉壓力水頭和蔭蔽栽培水平對(duì)咖啡根部土壤濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)水分含量均值影響顯著。與室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)相比,相同土壤容重條件下小區(qū)試驗(yàn)的濕潤(rùn)體分布面積較大,而接近微潤(rùn)管處最大含水率略低。(2)四參數(shù)Log-logistic模型均能較好反映室內(nèi)和小區(qū)試驗(yàn)微潤(rùn)管潤(rùn)體內(nèi)水分、NO3--N和K+含量均值的分布規(guī)律。(3)與H1.o相比,增加微潤(rùn)灌壓力水頭使株高、莖粗、冠幅和葉片數(shù)分別增加2.06%～5.02%,5.81%～8.19%,4.31%～21.07%和17.86%～25.00%。與S0相比,S1的株高、莖粗、冠幅和葉片數(shù)分別增大20.31%、12.44%、24.45%和52.00%,S2處理則增大7.78%、4.61%、11.88%和32.00%。表明適當(dāng)增加蔭蔽水平,能夠促進(jìn)咖啡各生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)的提高,而蔭蔽栽培水平過(guò)大反而抑制株高、莖粗、冠幅和葉片數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)。(4)與H1.0相比,增加微潤(rùn)灌壓力水頭使小粒咖啡葉片日均凈光合速率(PN)、蒸騰速率(Tr)、葉片氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)、光能利用效率和水分利用效率分別增加22.10%～60.75%,28.02%～70.49%、11.58%～53.18%、35.51%～81.65%和26.42%～39.61%,而減少葉片胞間CO2濃度14.16%～31.32%;與S0相比,輕度蔭蔽栽培S1和重度蔭蔽栽培S2使葉片日均Pn、Tr、Gs分別增加26.10%和12.20%、26.28%和 5.37%、36.97%和 16.42%,胞間 CO2 濃度減少 5.88%和 11.97%;與 S0相比,處理S1葉片日均光能利用效率和水分利用效率分別增加15.02%和15.53%,而S2處理分別減少12.45%和8.15%。通過(guò)室內(nèi)微潤(rùn)灌溉入滲特性試驗(yàn)與小�？Х人怦詈显囼�(yàn)綜合分析,結(jié)合小�？Х鹊纳L(zhǎng)、光合特性等指標(biāo),以促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)和提高水光利用為導(dǎo)向,探明小�？Х茸罴阉饽Ｊ綖楦邏毫λ^輕度蔭蔽栽培組合。
[Abstract]:The climate of Yunnan small grain coffee planting area is arid and hot, the intensity of light intensity and other factors seriously restrict the growth and development of small coffee. In addition, the small coffee in the long-term system of cultivation, formed a favorite shade environment. The influence of the pressure water head and the shade cultivation level on the physiological ecology and water use of the small grain coffee were studied under the conditions of the micro water irrigation. The coupling tube pattern of the best pressure water head and the shade cultivation level of the small grain coffee was explored to further enrich the light of the small grain coffee. Effect utilization theory. 3 pressure heads are set up in the experiment of infiltration characteristics of micro water irrigation (indoor test): low water head (H1.: 1 m), middle water head (H1.5:1.5 m) and high water head (H2.0:2.0 m); 3 soil bulk weights: Natural bulk density (D1.0o:1.00 G. Cm-3), moderate bulk density (D1.1s: 1.15 g cm-3) and heavy bulk density. The effect of soil bulk density on the distribution of water and fertilizer in humid body. The light coupling test of small grain coffee (cell test) set 3 pressure heads: low water head (H1.0:1.0 m), middle water head (H1.5:1.5 m) and high water head (H2.0:2.0 m); 3 shade cultivation levels: no shade cultivation (S0:100% natural light), mild shade cultivation (S1:65% to 75% natural light), weight The influence of the pressure water head and the shade cultivation level on the physiological ecology and the water light utilization of small grain coffee were mainly studied in the shade shade cultivation (S2:45% ~ 55% natural illumination). The following important conclusions were obtained: (1) the mean value of NO3--N and K+ content of the pressure water head and the soil bulk density to the moist irrigating body under the vertical setting condition of the micro run tube. The distribution area of NO3--N and K+ increased with the increase of water head and decreased with the increase of soil bulk density, and K+ was enriched around the tube. The pressure water head increased, the moisture content of the body was moist, the mean and uniformity of NO3--N and K+ increased significantly, the soil bulk density increased, humid body and body water were increased. The mean value of the content and N03--N content decreased significantly, while the mean value of K+ was slightly increased and the uniformity of water and fertilizer content decreased significantly. The influence of the pressure water head and the shade cultivation level on the moisture content in the soil wetting body was significant. Compared with the laboratory test, the distribution area of the humid body in the plot experiment under the same soil volume weight condition was more than that of the laboratory test. The maximum water content near the microtube was slightly lower. (2) the four parameter Log-logistic model could better reflect the distribution of moisture in the moist tube and the mean of NO3--N and K+. (3) compared with the H1.o, the increase of the pressure water head made the plant height, the stem diameter, the crown and the number of leaves increased by 2.06% to 5.02%, 5.81% to 8.19%, respectively. 4.31% to 21.07% and 17.86% ~ 25.00%. compared with S0, S1 plant height, stem diameter, crown and leaf number increased 20.31%, 12.44%, 24.45% and 52%, S2 treatment increased 7.78%, 4.61%, 11.88% and 32.00%. to increase the shade level, which could promote the increase of the growth index of coffee, while the shade cultivation level was too large, but inhibited plant height, stem rough, crown. Increase in amplitude and number of leaves. (4) compared with H1.0, the increase of the pressure water head makes the daily net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf stomatal conductance (Gs), light energy use efficiency and water use efficiency increase by 22.10% to 60.75%, 28.02% to 70.49%, 11.58% to 53.18%, 35.51% to 81.65% and 26.42% ~ 39.61%, respectively. The intercellular CO2 concentration was 14.16% to 31.32%. Compared with S0, the light shade cultivation S1 and the severe shade cultivation S2 made the leaves daily Pn, Tr, Gs increased by 26.10% and 12.20%, 26.28% and 5.37%, 36.97% and 16.42%, and the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased 5.88% and 11.97%, compared with S0, the daily average light energy utilization efficiency and the water use efficiency of S1 leaves were increased respectively. Adding 15.02% and 15.53%, and S2 treatment reduced 12.45% and 8.15%. respectively through indoor micro water irrigation infiltration characteristics test and small grain coffee light coupling test, combined with the growth of small grain coffee, photosynthetic characteristics and other indicators to promote growth and improve the use of water light, the best water light model of small grain coffee is light head light. Cultivation combination of degree shade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S571.2

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