本文選題：干燥花 + 干燥技術(shù)��； 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了調(diào)查貴陽喀斯特地區(qū)干燥花植物資源種類和利用特點,探索特定壓花花材最佳干燥工藝。本研究通過實地調(diào)查法,分春、夏、秋、冬4個季節(jié)采集貴陽喀斯特地區(qū)干燥花植物標本、圖像資料并進行種類鑒定,針對不同顏色、材質(zhì)的壓花花材進行各種干燥技術(shù)、保色技術(shù)、漂白和染色技術(shù)研究,篩選特定壓花花材的最佳干燥、護色保色方案,為壓花規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)提供理論基礎(chǔ)和科學(xué)依據(jù),推動壓花藝術(shù)在貴州的普及與發(fā)展具有重要意義。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、本研究共調(diào)查出干燥花植物材料65科137屬160種,其中菊科最多,有21種,占13.1%;其次為薔薇科,有20種,占12.5%;禾本科12種,豆科9種,其余各科只有1~5種�；ú墓灿�102種,其中紅粉色系28種,黃色系23種,白色系和藍紫色系各21種,多色系8種;葉材共有54種,其中綠色葉類29種,彩色葉類25種;果材12種。2、對13種壓花花材的干燥技術(shù)進行研究:分別使用6種干燥方法,設(shè)置不同干燥溫度、不同干燥時間、不同孔徑干燥板的處理組合對花材干燥特性和干花品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明:不同質(zhì)地、含水量的壓花花材所適宜的干燥方法不同,花材失水率隨干燥溫度、干燥時間、干燥板孔徑D的增加而增大,采用間歇加熱方式,花材干燥所需時間比持續(xù)加熱要少;熨壓干燥法速度最快,其次為微波干燥法,真空干燥法和簡易干燥法最慢。干花顏色:真空干燥法最好,微波干燥法和熨壓干燥法較好。綜合干花品質(zhì)和干燥時間,13種壓花花材最佳干燥處理方法,錦繡杜鵑花瓣:微波火力80%+干燥板孔徑D_2+干燥(3+0.5)min,雄蕊及萼片為電熨斗4檔+干燥2.5min;紫薇:電熨斗3檔+干燥35~40s;繡球:微波火力80%+干燥2min;牡丹木槿:大花瓣為電熨斗4檔+干燥2min;小花瓣為電熨斗3檔+干燥80~90s;山茶:微波火力80%+干燥3.5min;白花夾竹桃:烘箱50℃+干燥2h;蔥蘭:烘箱50℃+干燥2.5h;野胡蘿卜和一年蓬:電熨斗4檔+干燥3min;金絲梅:電熨斗4檔+干燥2~2.5min或微波火力80%+干燥4.5min;金絲桃:電熨斗3檔+干燥(3+0.5)min;雙莢決明:微波火力80%+干燥2min;金雞菊:整朵為花材墊棉花或使用微波、電熨斗間歇干燥,花瓣為電熨斗4檔+干燥1.5min。3、對4種紅粉色系花材進行保色研究:使用2種不同保色劑,設(shè)置不同濃度、不同浸泡溫度、不同浸泡時間的處理組合對花材保色效果的影響,結(jié)果表明:通過浸泡或者涂抹保色劑,再結(jié)合微波干燥所得干花保色效果最好。其中10%檸檬酸對粉色花材保色效果較好,10%酒石酸對紅色花材保色效果較好。其中,一串紅最佳保色處理為:10%酒石酸浸泡15min+微波火力100%+干燥30s;錦繡杜鵑為:10%酒石酸浸泡20min+微波火力100%+干燥2min;紫薇為:5%檸檬酸浸泡15min或10%檸檬酸浸泡5min;山茶為:檸檬酸濃度10%+浸泡20min左右,或者濃度15%~20%+浸泡時間15~20min,再微波火力100%+干燥1min。4、對幾種花材漂白研究:使用次氯酸鈉、雙氧水作漂白劑,設(shè)置3個不同漂液濃度、兩種不同漂液pH、不同漂白時間的處理組合對花材漂白效果的影響,結(jié)果表明:不同顏色、質(zhì)地的花材,漂白效果不同。黃色系的金絲桃和金雞菊不易漂白,粉紅色的錦繡杜鵑易漂白。H_2O_2漂白法漂液pH越高,漂白速度越快,但對花材的損傷越大。兩種漂白方法最適漂液濃度,pH=10的NaClO為2%~3%,pH=9的H_2O_2濃度為10%~15%,并且NaClO漂白法比H_2O_2漂白法速度快。壓花花材基本漂白金絲桃和金雞菊需8h以上,錦繡杜鵑需5h。5、對幾種壓花花材的染色研究:使用4種不同顏色、2種不同濃度的食品色素進行活體吸色,結(jié)果表明:花材的染色效果受到花材本身的質(zhì)地、顏色、結(jié)構(gòu)以及染料性質(zhì)的影響,4種不同顏色染料上染速度湖藍色㧐果綠色㧐胭脂紅㧐檸檬黃。在一定范圍內(nèi),染色速度隨染料濃度和染色時間的增加而加快,且花材越新鮮、顏色越淺,染色效果越好�；ú倪_到吸色平衡所需時間,金絲桃和金雞菊為3h,一年蓬為2h,野胡蘿卜為1.5h。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the species and utilization characteristics of dried flower plants in Karst area of Guiyang, the optimum drying technology of specific embossed flowers was explored. This study collected the specimens of dried flower plants in Karst area of Guiyang, Guiyang, in spring, summer, autumn and winter by field investigation method, and the image data were identified, and the embossed flowers of different colors and materials were used for the embossing flowers of different colors. All kinds of drying technology, color preserving technology, bleaching and dyeing technology are studied, the best drying, color protection and color protection scheme of specific embossed flower are selected. It provides the theoretical basis and scientific basis for the scale production of embossing. It is of great significance to promote the popularization and development of embossing art in Guizhou. The main results are as follows: 1, this study was investigated and found out. There are 160 species and 137 genera of 65 families, including the most Compositae, 21 species, 13.1%; the second is the Rosaceae, 20 species, 12.5%, 12 Gramineae, 9 legumes, and only 1~5 species in the rest of the family. There are 102 kinds of flowers, including the red pink color system 28, the Yellow system 23, the white and the blue purple, among which green leaves are green. 29 kinds of leaves, 25 color leaves and 12 kinds of.2, the drying technology of 13 kinds of embossed flowers were studied. The effects of different drying temperatures, drying time and different drying time on the drying characteristics and the quality of the dried flowers were set up respectively. The results showed that the flower material with different texture and water content was different. The optimum drying method is different. The water loss rate of the flower material increases with the increase of drying temperature, drying time and the D of the dry plate diameter. The time required by intermittent heating is less than that of continuous heating; the speed of ironing and drying is the fastest, the next is the microwave drying method, the real air drying method and the simple drying method are the slowest. The color of dry flowers: dry flower color: vacuum drying The best method is microwave drying and ironing drying. Combining the quality of dry flowers and drying time, the best drying treatment of 13 kinds of embossed flower wood, rich azalea Petals: Microwave fire 80%+ drying board aperture D_2+ drying (3+0.5) min, stamen and sepals for electric iron 4 gear + dry 2.5min; Lagerstroemia Lagerstroemia: electric iron 3 + dry 35~40s; Hydrangea: Microwave fire 80%+ Dry 2min; Peony Hibiscus: big petals for electric iron 4 + dry 2min; small petals for electric iron 3 gear + dry 80~90s; Camellia: Microwave fire 80%+ dry 3.5min; white flower oleander: oven 50 C + dry 2H; onion: oven 50 centigrade + dry 2.5h; wild carrot and one year canopy: electric iron 4 + dry 3min; electric iron 4 + dry 2~2.5min or micro electric iron 4 + dry 2~2.5min or micro electric iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro dry iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro dry iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro dry iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro dry iron 4 gear + dry 2~2.5min or micro or micro electric iron 4 and dry micro or micro electric iron micro or micro Wave fire 80%+ dry 4.5min; golden peach: electric iron 3 gear + dry (3+0.5) min; double pod Cassia: Microwave fire 80%+ dry 2min; chrysanthemum chrysanthemum: whole flower mat cotton or microwave, electric iron intermittently dry, petal for electric iron 4 gear + dry 1.5min.3, 4 kinds of pink color system flower wood preservation study: use 2 different color preserves, setting different The effect of concentration, different soaking temperature and different soaking time on the color retention of the flower material was affected. The results showed that the best color retention effect was obtained by soaking or smearing the color retention agent and combining with microwave drying. 10% citric acid had better color retention effect on the pink flower material, and 10% tartaric acid had better color retention effect on red flower material. The best color conservation treatment is: 10% tartaric acid soak 15min+ microwave fire 100%+ dry 30s; rich cuckoo: 10% tartaric acid soak 20min+ microwave fire 100%+ dry 2min; Lagerstroemia Lagerstroemia: 5% citric acid soak 15min or 10% citric acid soak 5min; camellia is: citric acid concentration 10%+ soak 20min, or concentration 15%~20%+ immersion time 15~20min, and then micro 100%+ drying 1min.4, the study of several kinds of flower bleaching: using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide as bleaching agent, the effects of 3 different bleaching fluid concentration, two different bleaching fluid pH and different bleaching time on the bleaching effect of different bleaching time were found. The results showed that the bleaching effect of different colors and textures was different. The Yellow peaches and gold were different. The chrysanthemum is not easy to bleach, the pink brocade Rhododendron is easily bleached.H_2O_2 bleaching solution pH higher, the faster the bleaching speed, but the greater the damage to the flower. The optimum bleaching fluid concentration of two bleaching methods, pH=10 NaClO 2%~3%, pH=9 H_2O_2 concentration 10%~15%, and the NaClO bleaching method faster than the H_2O_2 bleaching method. Embossed flower material basically bleaching gold wire The peach and chrysanthemum needs more than 8h. The rich Rhododendron needs 5h.5 and the dyeing of several embossed flowers: using 4 different colors and 2 different concentrations of food pigments to absorb the color in vivo. The result shows that the dyeing effect of the flower material is influenced by the texture, color, structure and the property of the dye, and 4 different colors dye the speed lake. Blue? Fruit green? Carmine? Lemon yellow. In a certain range, the speed of dyeing quicker with the increase of dye concentration and dyeing time, and the more fresh the wood is, the lighter the color, the better the dyeing effect. The flower material reaches the time required for the balance of color absorption, the peach and the chrysanthemum is 3h, the one year is 2h, the wild carrot is 1.5h.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S688.2

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