本文選題：黑松人工林 + 側柏人工林　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：林下植被和土壤演變過程與人工林生長發(fā)育和群落結構互為因果,共同影響人工林的群落穩(wěn)定性和健康水平。本文以魯中南山地黑松(Pinus thunbergii)人工林及側柏(Platycladus orientalis)人工林為研究對象,采用空間序列代替時間序列的研究方法,在調(diào)查不同發(fā)育階段林分的群落結構、林下植被、林地土壤理化性質和微生物群落特征基礎上,分析了人工林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤因子與林下植被隨林齡變化的動態(tài)演變格局,以期對人工林長期經(jīng)營提供理論依據(jù)。研究結果表明:(1)黑松人工林林下植被Simpson指數(shù)為HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a,Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)為HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a,Pielou均勻度指數(shù)為HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a,并且HS50a林下植被多樣性指數(shù)均顯著低于HS6 a、HS30 a(P0.05)。側柏人工林林下植被Simpson指數(shù)為CB30 aCB50 aCB12 a,Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)為CB50 aCB30 aCB12a,但不同林齡間無顯著差異(P0.05);Pielou均勻度指數(shù)為CB30 aCB12 aCB50 a,且CB50 a與CB12 a、CB30 a相比差異顯著(P0.05)。(2)黑松人工林土壤容重為HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a,且HS6 a與HS50 a差異顯著(P0.05);土壤毛管孔隙度為HS50 aHS30 aHS6 a,且HS6 a與HS50 a差異顯著(P0.05)。側柏人工林土壤容重為CB12 aCB30 aCB50 a,不同林齡間無顯著差異(P0.05);土壤毛管孔隙度為CB50 aCB30 aCB12 a,不同林齡間無顯著差異(P0.05)。(3)黑松人工林土壤有效磷含量以HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a,有效鉀含量以HS30aHS50 aHS6 a,不同林齡階段之間差異顯著(P0.05);土壤全氮含量和有效氮含量均表現(xiàn)為HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a,其中HS50 a土壤全氮含量顯著低于HS6 a和HS30 a,HS30 a土壤有效氮含量顯著高于HS6 a和HS50 a(P0.05)。側柏人工林土壤有效磷、有效鉀含量為CB12 aCB50 aCB30 a,并且CB30 a與CB12 a、CB50 a差異顯著(P0.05);土壤有效氮含量為CB12 aCB50 aCB30 a,CB30 a與CB12 a差異顯著(P0.05);土壤全氮含量為CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a,且不同林齡間差異顯著(P0.05)。(4)黑松人工林土壤蔗糖酶、纖維素酶活性以HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a,不同林齡階段之間差異顯著(P0.05);土壤脲酶活性隨林齡增加而降低,HS50 a顯著低于HS30a和HS6 a(P0.05)。側柏人工林土壤蔗糖酶活性為CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a,且不同林齡間差異顯著(P0.05);脲酶活性為CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a,且CB30 a顯著低于CB12 a、CB50 a(P0.05);土壤纖維素酶活性為CB30 aCB50 aCB12 a,且CB12 a與CB30 a差異顯著(P0.05)。(5)黑松人工林土壤微生物Chao1指數(shù)為HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a,且HS6 a顯著高于HS30 a、HS50 a(P0.05);土壤微生物Shannon指數(shù)為HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a,且不同林齡間差異顯著(P0.05);土壤微生物中Proteobacteria(變形菌門)、Actinobacteria(放線菌門)和Acidobacteria(酸桿菌門)為優(yōu)勢菌群。側柏人工林Chao1指數(shù)為CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a,且CB30 a顯著低于CB12 a、CB50 a(P0.05);土壤微生物Shannon指數(shù)為CB12 aCB30 aCB50 a,不同林齡階段無顯著差異(P0.05);土壤微生物中Proteobacteria(變形菌門)、Actinobacteria(放線菌門)和Acidobacteria(酸桿菌門)為絕對優(yōu)勢菌群。
[Abstract]:The process of understory vegetation and soil evolution was causality with the growth and development of plantation and community structure, which affected the stability and health level of plantation community. In this paper, the plantation of Pinus thunbergii and Platycladus orientalis plantation in the south mountain land of central Shandong Province was used as the research object. The spatial sequence instead of time series was used to investigate the community structure and understory vegetation of different development stages. On the basis of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community characteristics, the dynamic evolution pattern of soil factors and undergrowth vegetation with forest age in artificial forest ecosystem was analyzed in order to provide theoretical basis for long-term management of plantation. The results showed that the Simpson index of undergrowth in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation was HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a Shannon-Wiener index, HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a Pielou evenness index was HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a, and the vegetation diversity index of HS50a forest was significantly lower than that of HS6 A H S 30 a P 0.05. The Simpson index of undergrowth vegetation of Platycladus orientalis plantation is CB30 aCB50 aCB12 a, Shannon-Wiener index is CB50 aCB30 aCB12a, but there is no significant difference among different forest ages. The evenness index of Pielou of P. orientalis is CB30 aCB12 aCB50 a, and the difference of CB50 a and CB12 A CB30a is significant (P0.05N. 2) the soil bulk density of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation is HS6. AHS30 aHS50 a, and HS6 a were significantly different from HS50 a (P 0.05), soil capillary porosity was HS50 aHS30 aHS6 a, and HS6 a was significantly different from HS50 a (P 0.05). The soil bulk density of Platycladus orientalis plantation is CB12 aCB30 aCB50 a, but there is no significant difference between different forest ages (P0.05), and the capillary porosity of soil is CB50 aCB30 aCB12 a, but there is no significant difference among different forest ages (P0.05, P0.05. 3) the available phosphorus content in soil of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation is HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a and available potassium content. For HS30aHS50 aHS6 a, there were significant differences among different forest age stages (P 0.05), and soil total nitrogen content and available nitrogen content were both HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a, in which HS50 a soil total nitrogen content was significantly lower than that of HS6 a and HS30 a HS30 year soil available nitrogen content was significantly higher than that of HS6 a and HS50 a P 0.05. Available phosphorus in soil of Platycladus orientalis plantation, The available potassium content was CB12 aCB50 aCB30 a, and the difference between CB30 a and CB12 A CB50a was significant (P 0.05); the soil available nitrogen content was CB12 aCB50 aCB30 a CB30a and CB12 a significantly different (P 0.05); the total nitrogen content of soil was CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a, and the difference between different forest ages was significant (P 0.05). The activity of cellulase in HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a was significantly different among different forest ages (P0.05A), and the soil urease activity decreased with the increase of forest age. The HS50a activity of soil urease was significantly lower than that of HS30a and HS6 P0.05a. The soil sucrase activity of Platycladus orientalis plantation was CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a, and the difference between different forest ages was significant (P 0.05), the urease activity was CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a, and CB30 a was significantly lower than that of CB12 a CB50 a P0.05, and the soil cellulase activity was CB30 aCB50 aCB12 a, and the difference between CB12 a and CB30 a was significant. The soil microbial Chao1 index of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation is HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a, and HS6 a is significantly higher than that of HS30 a HS50a P0.05N; the soil microbial Shannon index is HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a, and there are significant differences among different forest ages (P0.05); and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) in soil microorganism is Actinobacteria (Actinobacteriae) And Acidobacteria (acidobacterium) as the dominant flora. The Chao1 index of Platycladus orientalis plantation is CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a, and CB30 a is significantly lower than that of CB12 a CB50a P0.05N, the Shannon index of soil microorganism is CB12 aCB30 aCB50 a, there is no significant difference between different forest age stages (P0.05), and the Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) and actinobacteria (actinobacteria) in soil microorganism are both actinobacteria and acidobacteria (acidobacteria). Phylum) is an absolute dominant flora.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S718.5

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