本文選題：漁業(yè) + 頭足類��； 參考：《上海海洋大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鳶烏賊為暖水性的大洋性頭足類,在印度洋和太平洋中均有分布,主要位于熱帶和亞熱帶海域。鳶烏賊在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演重要角色,是眾多海洋生物的餌料和捕食者,也是漁業(yè)捕撈的主要目標魚種之一。隨著近海漁業(yè)資源的衰退,資源量巨大的南海鳶烏賊正成為一種新型的漁業(yè)捕撈對象。國內外學者已經對鳶烏賊進行了形態(tài)、年齡、生長和種群組成等方面的研究,其種群結構復雜,且研究大多關于印度洋海域。為了深入認識南海鳶烏賊的形態(tài)學和繁殖生物學方面的內容,本研究使用南海中南部海域微型群和中型群個體的胴長(ML)、右第一腕長(AL1)、右第二腕長(AL2)、右第三腕長(AL3)、右第四腕長(AL4)、右觸腕長(TL)、鰭長(FL)、鰭寬(FW)、體重、純體重、性腺重和性腺成熟度等各項指標,分析了南海鳶烏賊各形態(tài)指標和胴長之間的關系,通過模型擬合篩選獲得了能夠反映不同種群雌和雄性個體各形態(tài)指標與胴長關系的最佳模型,運用種群分類、主成分分析和逐步判別函數(shù)等方法對其個體的形態(tài)學差異進行了研究,并對其繁殖生物學進行了分析。研究結果如下:(1)建立了以胴長為自變量、各形態(tài)指標作為因變量的回歸方程。模型擬合結果顯示,兩個種群雌、雄個體各形態(tài)指標和胴長的最優(yōu)擬合模型都以冪函數(shù)曲線模型為主,線性函數(shù)模型和對數(shù)函數(shù)模型次之。采用冪函數(shù)模型對兩個種群各形態(tài)性狀和胴長關系進行比較發(fā)現(xiàn),中型群雌性與微型群雌性AL1、AL2、AL3、TL、FL與ML的關系式中冪指數(shù)差異顯著,中型群雌性與微型群雌性AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4、TL、FL、FW與ML的關系式中常數(shù)項差異顯著;中型群雄性與微型群雄性AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4、TL、FL、FW與ML的關系式中常數(shù)項差異顯著。各性狀隨性腺成熟度的增加而增加明顯,且雌性增加值大于雄性,中型群增加值大于微型群。在鰭長與鰭寬的分析結果表明,兩個種群鰭長鰭寬比隨鰭長的變化具有差異,且在雄性個體中差異更加明顯。(2)南海南部鳶烏賊中型群和微型群具有不同的ML分布,雌性個體中兩個種群的ML非重疊范圍為59-78mm和126-225mm,包含45%的中型群和10%的微型群;雄性個體中兩個種群的ML非重疊范圍分別為56-80mm和95-151mm,包含98%的中型群和58%的微型群。均數(shù)差異顯著性檢驗表明,鳶烏賊兩個種群的雌、雄個體在各形態(tài)比參數(shù)上均存在顯著差異(P0.05):微型群雌性和雄性個體在AL1/ML、FL/ML、FW/ML上存在顯著差異(P0.05);中型群雌性和雄性個體在AL1/ML、AL2/ML、AL3/ML、TL/ML、FL/ML、FW/ML上存在顯著差異(P0.05)。差異系數(shù)(C.D)計算表明,鳶烏賊兩個種群的形態(tài)差異總體上處于種內水平(除雄性FW/ML外,C.D均小于1.28),而雄性鳶烏賊中兩個種群的FW/ML差異達到了亞種水平(C.D=1.45)。主成分分析發(fā)現(xiàn)第二和第三主成分分別代表各腕之間和腕與鰭之間的生長差異。依據(jù)各形態(tài)比參數(shù)進行判別分析,鳶烏賊雌性和雄性個體中兩個種群的總體判別準確度分別達到85.9%和92.9%,可以為鳶烏賊種群區(qū)分提供參考。(3)研究海域的鳶烏賊中型群可分為I和II 2個群體,分別占總數(shù)的69%和31%。2個群體的雌性比例均隨胴長的增大呈先減少后增加的趨勢,直至達到100%;群體I雌性和雄性的初次性成熟胴長分別為164和112 mm,群體II雌性和雄性初次性成熟胴長分別為157和108mm。群體I在西沙海域和南沙海域均有獨立分布區(qū)域,而群體II密集區(qū)主要分布于南沙海域。非參數(shù)檢驗表明:2個群體雌性和雄性個體的全部形態(tài)參數(shù)均存在顯著性差異(P0.05)。在雌性鳶烏賊中,群體I和群體II的ML、AL1、AL2、AL4、TL和FW存在顯著性差異(P0.05);在雄性鳶烏賊中,群體I和群體II的ML、AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4和FL存在顯著性差異(P0.01)。通過計算差異系數(shù)表明,2個群體的形態(tài)差異處于種內水平。(4)中型群總體雌雄比接近于1:1,但未成熟個體以雌性為主,性成熟個體以雄性為主;微型群不論總體還是各成熟度的雌性普遍多于雄性。兩個種群的性腺發(fā)育(主要為性成熟度系數(shù)、性腺指數(shù)、性腺重)具有差異。同一性別的微型群個體的性腺發(fā)育要早于中型群;同一種群的雄性個體的性腺發(fā)育要早于雌性。微型群的性腺發(fā)育與緯度之間具有相關關系。兩個種群的性成熟與繁殖都具有季節(jié)性。性腺發(fā)育的不同可以作為微型群與中型群的分類依據(jù),對生長早期的南海鳶烏賊種群分類具有實際意義。
[Abstract]:As a warm water cephalopod, it is distributed in the India ocean and the Pacific Ocean, mainly in the tropical and subtropical areas. The squid plays an important role in the ecosystem, and is the bait and predator of many marine organisms. It is also one of the main target fish for fishing. The huge South China sea squid is becoming a new fishing target. Scholars at home and abroad have studied the morphology, age, growth and population composition of the kite, and its population structure is complex, and the study is mostly about the sea area of India ocean. The study used the carcass length (ML), the right first wrist length (AL1), right second wrist long (AL2), right third wrist long (AL3), right fourth wrist (AL4), right fourth wrist, right wrist (TL), fin length (FL), fin width (FW), weight, weight, gonad weight and gonadal maturity of the South China Sea. The relationship between the index and the length of the carcass was obtained by the model fitting and screening. The optimal model was obtained to reflect the relationship between the female and the male individuals of different species and the carcass length. The morphological differences of the individual were studied by the population classification, the principal component analysis and the stepwise discriminant function. The results of the study are as follows: (1) a regression equation is established, which takes the length of the carcass as the independent variable and the index of each form as the dependent variable. The model fitting results show that the best fitting models of the morphological and carcass lengths of the two species are dominated by the power function curve model, the linear function model and the logarithmic function model are the second. The comparison of the relationship between the morphological characters and the carcass length of the two populations showed that the relationship between the female AL1, AL2, AL3, TL, FL and ML in the middle group female and the micro group was significant. The female AL1, AL2, AL3, AL4, TL, FL, and the relationship between the female and the micro group were significant differences. The constant terms of AL4, TL, FL, FW and ML have significant difference. Each character increases with the increase of gonadal maturity, and the increase value of the female is greater than that of the male, and the increase in the size of the middle group is greater than that of the microgroup. The analysis of the length of the fins and the width of the fin shows that the width ratio of fin length of the two populations is different with the length of the fin, and the difference in the male individual is different. (2) the medium and micro groups of the southern South China's kite have different ML distribution, and the ML non overlapping range of two species in female individuals is 59-78mm and 126-225mm, including 45% medium and 10% microgroups, and the non overlapping range of ML in two population of the male is 56-80mm and 95-151mm, including 98% medium and 58%. The difference of mean number difference showed that there were significant differences between the female and male individuals in the two populations of the two species of the iris: the females and the male individuals in the AL1/ML, FL/ML, and FW/ML were significantly different (P0.05), and the female and male individuals of the medium group were found in AL1/ML, AL2/ML, AL3/ML, TL/ML, FL/ML, and FW/ML. The difference coefficient (P0.05). The difference coefficient (C.D) calculation showed that the morphological difference between the two species of the iris was in the intraspecific level (except for the male FW/ML, the C.D was less than 1.28), while the FW/ML difference between the two species of the male kite reached the subspecies level (C.D=1.45). The principal component analysis found that second and third principal components were between the wrists and between the wrists, respectively. The difference of the growth between the wrist and the fin. According to the discriminant analysis of the morphological parameters, the total discrimination accuracy of the two species in the female and male species of the iris was 85.9% and 92.9%, respectively. (3) the medium group of the iris squid could be divided into 2 groups of I and II, accounting for 69% of the total. The female proportion of 31%.2 groups decreased first and then increased to 100%, and reached 100%. The first mature carcass length of I female and male population was 164 and 112 mm respectively. The female and male adult adult carcass length of population II and 108mm. group I were separately distributed in Xisha and Nansha waters, respectively. The bulk II intensive areas are mainly distributed in the Nansha sea area. Non parametric tests show that there are significant differences in all morphological parameters between the females and the male individuals of the 2 populations (P0.05). In the female iris, the ML, AL1, AL2, AL4, TL and FW of the population I and the population II are significant differences (P0.05). There was a significant difference between AL4 and FL (P0.01). By calculating the difference coefficient, the morphological difference between the 2 groups was in the intraspecific level. (4) the overall female and male ratio of the medium group was close to the 1:1, but the immature individual was dominated by the female and the sexually mature individual was dominated by the male, and the female of the micro group was more than the male. Two populations were more than the male. Gonadal development (mainly sexual maturity coefficient, gonadal index, gonadal weight) is different. The gonadal development of the individuals of the same sex is earlier than that of the medium-sized group; the gonadal development of the male individuals of the same population is earlier than that of the female. The gonadal development of the microgroups is related to the latitude. The sexual maturity and reproduction of the two populations are all with the sexual maturity and reproduction. Seasonal variation. Gonadal development can be used as a taxonomy for the micro group and the middle size group. It has practical significance for the classification of the genus squid in the early stage of the South China Sea.

【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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